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1990-06-20
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BRUSHTAIL POSSUM
In Australia, when people hear
animals scuffling near their house
at night, they do not think of
raccoons, cats, or dogs but of
brushtail possums. Living in remote
areas as well as city suburbs, the
brushtail possum is one of the most
frequently seen %f,10,h\marsupia%marsupials in
Australia--much like our opossum in
the United States, a distant
relative.
When English explorer James Cook
first visited Australia in 1770, his
men captured a cat-size woolly
animal. It had a partially naked
tail and a pouch on its belly. It
reminded the Englishmen of the
American %f,10,h\mammal%mammal called the opossum.
So they gave the same name to the
Australian animal. Over the years,
the name was shortened to possum to
distinguish it from the American
opossum.
Since 1770, scientists have
learned that possums and opossums
are not closely related. Both belong
to the %f,10,h\order%order of mammals called
marsupials. But each animal is a
member of a separate family.
Australian brushtail possums are
members of the phalanger family.
Their family name comes from a Greek
word that means "bone of a finger or
toe." The flexible fingers and toes
of brushtail possums help these
animals climb. Another member of the
phalanger family is the cuscus. Read
about it under its own heading.
Other marsupials that have possum in
their names are the honey possum and
the ringtail possum. These belong to
two distinctly different families of
marsupials. Read about the honey
possum under its own heading. Read
about the ringtail possum under the
heading, "Gliders."
Brushtail possums are skillful
climbers. Their sharp claws dig into
tree branches, and their toes spread
apart for a firm grip. A brushtail
possum may use its bushy tail like
an extra hand when it climbs. The
animal's tail can curl tightly
around a tree limb, supporting it
until its paws have a grip on the
next branch.
Brushtail possums usually bear
only one %f,10,h\offsprin%offspring after a pregnancy
of a few weeks. The tiny, hairless
newborn crawls into its mother's
pouch. There it continues to grow
and develop. Within a few months,
the baby is covered with fur, and it
then crawls in and out of the pouch.
Sometimes the mother carries it on
her back. When fully grown at eight
months, it will go off on its own.
Brushtails rest during the day.
For shelter, some build nests of
leaves, twigs, and branches. Others
sleep curled up in hollow limbs,
tree trunks, or in the fork of a
tree. City dwellers hide out under a
roof.
At night, brushtails wake up and
move about the trees. They search
for leaves, fruit, and seeds. They
may pause to rub their chest against
a branch, leaving a strong-smelling
%f,10,h\scentmar%scent_mark. Brushtails have nine
different %f,10,h\scentgla%scent_glands on their
bodies, more than any other
marsupial. These marks act as a
signal to other brushtails, warning
them to stay away from its
%F,10,h\territor%territory. Brushtails are %F,10,h\solitary%solitary
and do not allow other brushtails to
live nearby. Should one encounter
another, it hisses and screams until
the intruder leaves.
Brushtail possums have only a few
enemies. They include snakes,
monitor lizards, and large owls.
When cornered, a brushtail fights
fiercely.