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human.dat
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1990-08-15
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HUMANS
People are the most %f,10,g\adapt%adaptable and
successful %f,10,h\mammal%mammals on our planet.
People are everywhere. They live in
every %f,10,g\habitat%habitat, even the most remote
with the harshest climate. The only
other mammals that have spread so
far and wide are the mouse and rat,
and animals like dogs, cats, and
goats that have been %f,10,g\domestic%domesticated by
humans.
Most mammals have built-in
biological patterns that determine
when they can reproduce, how many
young they will raise, and what
their family structure will be.
Humans, though, are as much influ-
enced by cultural factors as they
are by biology. In humans, patterns
such as family size, family
structure, and how the %f,10,h\offsprin%offspring are
raised vary from family to family,
culture to culture, and century to
century. For example, although in
most mammals, the female is the
nurturing parent that has contact
with the offspring, in humans, the
male may or may not be the nurturing
parent.
What makes humans unique? They are
not the only mammals to walk and run
upright on two feet--gibbons can do
that, too. They are not the fastest
(cheetahs are) or the best swimmers
(think of whales, dolphins, seals,
and others). Other %f,10,h\primate%primates are able
to use their hands to grasp, pluck,
feel, and make tools. People are not
unique in having less hair on their
bodies than most mammals. Whales,
dolphins, and the lowly naked mole
rat top humans there. Humans are not
even unique in their ability to
communicate and cooperate. Wolves,
whales, even prairie dogs have
complex communication and cooperation
systems.
Humans are unique because of their
intelligence and their capacity to
store and exchange complex and
abstract information. People not
only invent the most sophisticated
tools, they also improve upon them
from one generation to the next.
Rather than adapting their bodies to
every %f,10,g\environm%environment, people have used
their brains to develop machines to
fly, to dive, and to explore space
and the oceans. People are the
only mammals capable of adapting
their environments to their own
needs. But the real secret of our
success lies in our ability to
specialize and organize in ways that
benefit the whole society. A
discovery such as polio vaccine
or the invention of the wheel has
benefited all of humankind. Our body
is mammal-like, but our powers of
imagination set us apart.