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1990-08-15
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LEMUR
Throughout the forests of
Madagascar live large-eyed animals
called lemurs. Lemurs are found only
on this large island off the south-
eastern coast of Africa and on the
small neighboring Comoro Islands.
Lemurs--like apes, monkeys, and
humans--belong to the %F,10,h\primate%primate %F,10,h\order%order.
Some scientists think that 50
million years ago Madagascar was
part of the African continent.
Gradually, the island separated from
the continent. Because of their
isolation, lemurs have little
competition for their food and only
a few enemies. They are well %F,10,g\adapt%adapted
to their %F,10,g\environm%environment. Today lemurs
remain relatively unchanged from
their ancestors.
Many lemurs have slender bodies
and narrow, pointed snouts. Lemurs
move about the trees by leaping and
climbing. They use their hands and
feet to grip the branches.
There are 22 %F,10,h\species%species of lemurs,
and they vary greatly in size. The
mouse lemur, one of the smallest of
the primates, measures only 5 inches
(13 cm) long, not including its
tail. The indri (say IN-dree) is the
largest lemur. Its body measures
more than 2 feet (61 cm) long. It
has only a stump of a tail--unlike
other lemurs that have long bushy
ones.
Mouse and dwarf lemurs usually
live alone and scurry along tree
branches at night. Their big ears
help them search for food and hear
such enemies as catlike fossas. All
lemurs eat plants, fruit, or nectar,
but mouse and dwarf lemurs also feed
on insects. The %F,10,h\rare%rare gentle lemurs
prefer bamboo shoots.
Both the fat-tailed dwarf lemur
and the mouse lemur have tails that
are sometimes padded with fat. When
food becomes scarce, these animals
begin to absorb the fat stored in
their tails.
Typical lemurs are larger than
dwarf and mouse lemurs. They usually
grow as big as house cats. Nearly
all typical lemurs live in groups.
Some kinds, such as the mongoose
lemur and the ruffed lemur, stay
together in small families. Others,
such as the ring-tailed lemur and
the black lemur, live in larger
groups called troops. The sportive
lemur usually lives alone.
When moving through the trees,
typical lemurs walk along the
branches on all fours. Often they
make long jumps from branch to
branch. The ring-tailed lemur,
however, spends more time traveling
on the ground than do other lemurs.
The indri, the avahi (say
uh-VAH-hee), and the sifaka (say
suh-FAHK-uh) make up the indri
family. Unlike other lemurs, members
of this family occasionally stand
upright when walking or running. At
rest, they sit up and cling to
branches. Sifakas often make
spectacular leaps. Their long back
legs give them a powerful takeoff.
With arms and legs outstretched,
they may leap 20 feet (6 m) or more.
During the day, the black,
hairless snouts and light-colored
fur of many sifakas are easy to see.
The woolly avahi, however, curls up
in trees and sleeps in the daytime.
Little is known about the animal in
the wild because it is rarely seen
by people.
Lemur pregnancies range from two
to nearly five months, depending on
the species. A female may give birth
to one, two, or three young. Ruffed
lemurs, mouse lemurs, and dwarf
lemurs build nests for their
%F,10,h\offsprin%offspring. A female ruffed lemur
often "parks" her offspring on a
branch while she looks for food.
Other lemurs take their young with
them. The newborn cling tightly to
their mother's fur as she moves
among the branches. Young lemurs
begin to play as soon as they can
walk. At about two years of age,
they are independent.
Many kinds of lemurs are
%F,10,g\endanger%endangered today due to %F,10,g\forest%forest
destruction. Madagascar is setting
up more national parks to protect
them.