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Mammals - A Multimedia Encyclopedia
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muskox
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musko.dat
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1990-08-29
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MUSK-OX
For thousands of years, shaggy,
humped musk-oxen have lived in cold,
rocky areas of the Arctic region.
Though their appearance suggests
that they are related to cattle,
they are actually related to the
chamois and to other goats. A kind
of giant goat, musk-oxen are well
equipped for life on the harsh,
treeless %F,10,h\tundra%tundra. They have thick
coats that protect them during the
cold winters. An outer layer of long
hairs, called %f,10,g\guard%guard_hairs, covers a
shorter undercoat. The outer coat
hangs down nearly to the ground.
When warmer weather comes in spring,
the soft, woolly undercoat begins to
fall out through the long guard
hairs.
A musk-ox's curved %f,10,g\hoof%hooves help the
animal travel easily across the
rugged arctic %f,10,h\plain%plain. Its hooves have
sharp rims and soft pads. They allow
the musk-ox to paw through the snow
for food and to clamber over rocky
slopes.
Musk-oxen travel in %f,10,g\herd%herds during
the entire year. A female, called a
cow, sometimes leads the herd. The
animals spend the warmer months
feeding near streams and lakes.
There they eat grasses, willows, and
some flowers.
Traveling in a herd offers
protection against enemies. When a
wolf approaches, musk-oxen defend
themselves by forming a line. If the
wolf comes even closer, the adults
take turns driving it away.
When threatened, both male and
female musk-oxen are fierce
fighters. Their sharp %f,10,g\horn%horns look
like huge, hard bows. They curve
down beside the animals' faces, then
turn up at the ends. The horns of a
male, called a bull, form a bony
shield across his forehead. A
musk-ox charges with its head
lowered. It tries to gore its enemy
with the tips of its horns. When the
summer %f,10,h\mating%mating_season comes, bulls
may begin to fight among themselves
for females. The stronger bulls try
to drive the weaker ones away by
charging at them. Again and again,
the bulls crash together, horn to
horn, until one bull gives up.
Calves are born after a pregnancy of
about 8 months. A newborn can
keep up with its mother only a few
hours after birth. It grows quickly.
By the time it is 5 or 6 years old,
a musk-ox has reached its full size.
A bull may weigh as much as 800
pounds (363 kg) and may measure
almost 5 feet (152 cm) tall at the
shoulder. Cows are smaller and
lighter.
For many years, musk-oxen were
hunted for their hides and meat. So
many were killed that only a small
number remained. Today there are
laws to protect musk-oxen. Herds
live on special %f,10,h\preserve%preserves in Alaska,
Norway, and Siberia.