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1990-06-21
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PLATYPUS
When British scientists first
saw a platypus almost 200 years ago,
they thought it was a fake. But this
strange Australian creature does
exist. Its forefeet are webbed like
those of a duck. Its muzzle looks
like a duck's bill. Its tail
resembles that of a beaver. And its
fur looks like an otter's fur. The
animal measures less than 2 feet (61
cm) long from its muzzle to the tip
of its tail.
The platypus is a %f,10,h\monotrem%monotreme (say
MON-uh-treem). Besides the echidna,
it is the only %f,10,h\mammal%mammal that bears its
young by laying eggs. Read about the
echidna under its own heading.
On land, the platypus shuffles
along. In the water, it moves much
more gracefully. It dives for food
at dawn and at dusk. As the platypus
submerges, folds of skin close over
its ears and eyes. It also can close
off its nostrils.
The platypus can stay beneath the
surface for a minute or two at a
time. Using its sensitive,
skin-covered muzzle, the platypus
probes the bottoms of lakes and
streams for food. The animal scoops
up worms, young shellfish, insects,
and insect %f,10,g\larvae%larvae, along with some
mud and gravel. It stores this
mixture in its cheek pouches.
When its pouches are full, the
platypus rises to the surface to
chew its food. The adult platypus
has grinding pads instead of teeth.
The mud and gravel in the animal's
mouth help crush the food between
these pads.
The male platypus has sharp spurs
on the heels of its hind feet. To
defend itself, it can jab enemies
with these spurs and discharge a
strong poison. The only other
mammals that can poison their
victims are the tiny shrews and the
solenodons. Read about them under
their own headings.
The platypus lives in a %f,10,g\burrow%burrow
that it digs at the edge of a lake
or a stream, just above the water's
surface. Using its thick nails and
muzzle, it loosens dirt and then
packs it to form the walls of its
burrow.
A female platypus digs a nesting
burrow where she lays her eggs. This
winding tunnel usually is about 25
feet (8 m) long. At the end of the
tunnel, the female lines a small
chamber with grass and leaves. She
seals herself into the chamber with
a plug of dirt and lays one or two
sticky, leathery eggs. She keeps the
eggs warm between her body and her
tail.
The eggs hatch in about ten days.
The hairless newborn platypuses are
only about the size of jelly beans.
The young suck milk that flows from
pores on their mother's belly. After
several months, they begin to swim
and to dive on their own.
The platypus has recovered from
near %f,10,g\extinct%extinction but is %f,10,h\vulnerab%vulnerable to
pollution of its watery domain.