home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Mammals - A Multimedia Encyclopedia
/
Mammals.bin
/
mammals
/
pub180.dat
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1990-08-16
|
3KB
|
78 lines
Sounds and Signals
As a pronghorn dashes across the
%F,10,h\prairie%prairie, the white hairs of its rump
stand on end. This flash of white
can be seen for a long distance. It
serves as a signal to other
pronghorns that danger is near. This
kind of signal is only one of the
many ways that %F,10,h\mammal%mammals communicate
with each other.
Communication does not mean that
animals talk to each other as people
do. Mammals communicate in several
silent ways. For example, they use
face and body positions to
communicate. A chimpanzee lets
others know how it feels by the
expression on its face. The leader
of a wolf pack usually carries his
tail straight out. All the other
members of the pack walk with their
tails drooping. After a fight, one
wolf indicates that it recognizes
another as leader by lying down and
showing its throat.
Many mammals communicate by the
positions of their ears. Ears laid
back may mean that an animal is
annoyed or angry. Perked ears may
show that an animal is alert.
Scent helps some mammals find each
other, and it keeps others apart.
Such animals as cats and dogs mark
%F,10,h\territor%territories by spraying urine on
trees and rocks. These marked places
are called %F,10,h\scentmar%scent_posts. Many other
animals also leave %F,10,h\scentmar%scent_marks.
Rabbits and hares produce a
strong-smelling substance in glands
under their jaws. They rub their
jaws on the ground throughout their
home areas. During the %F,10,h\mating%mating
%F,10,h\mating%season, male pronghorns mark trees
and bushes with %F,10,h\scentgla%scent from glands
near their eyes. Both scent and claw
marks on trees announce a bear's
presence to other bears.
Some mammals use sounds to
communicate. They make noises to
frighten enemies, to attract mates,
and to challenge rivals. They use
sounds to call their young, to
signal that danger has passed, or to
gather others of their kind.
During the mating season, many
mammals are noisier than usual. A
bull elk has a strong, deep voice.
His bugling sounds may attract
females and keep rivals away.
To sound an alarm, a marmot
whistles. A beaver warns of danger
by striking the surface of the water
with its tail. This loud whacking
sound carries a long distance. A
raccoon makes low throaty noises as
it moves about. If danger threatens,
the female's "churr churr" becomes
louder and louder, until she
screams--sending her young for cover.