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1990-08-16
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Survival in Question
Human beings share the earth with
all other %F,10,h\mammal%mammals. People change
their %F,10,g\environm%environment in many ways to
suit themselves. They often do not
think about how these changes affect
other animals. They build houses for
shelter, plow the land to plant
crops, and use natural resources for
energy. In some places, human
activity destroys the homes of other
kinds of mammals.
The mountain gorilla, for example,
lives in a small area in Africa.
Even though the area is part of a
park, local people increasingly farm
in the area. As the gorillas'
habitat gets smaller and as animals
are killed by %F,10,h\poacher%poachers, scientists
worry that the %F,10,h\species%species may die out.
In many parts of the world, such
as Australia, people have intro-
duced, or brought in animals that
had never lived there before. Many
%F,10,h\native%native animals could not compete
with the newcomers for food--or they
themselves became %F,10,h\prey%prey. Some of them
died out completely.
Over long periods of time, other
species have not been able to %F,10,g\adapt%adapt
to natural changes and have also
become %F,10,g\extinct%extinct. As these animals
have disappeared, other species have
replaced them.
Species that are in danger of
extinction now can be saved, or at
least protected. One way to do this
is to set aside special areas for
wild animals. On wildlife %F,10,h\preserve%preserves
and in zoos, many %F,10,g\endanger%endangered species
have another chance for survival.
One animal that has been rescued
in this way is the Arabian oryx.
Once there were only a few of these
graceful animals left in their
%F,10,g\desert%desert homeland. In the early 1960s,
some were captured and taken to
preserves in Africa and in the
United States. There the oryxes have
adapted to new environments, have
%F,10,g\breed%bred, and have raised young. Now
there are enough Arabian oryxes that
some may be returned to their
natural environment.
For many species of mammals,
conservation in zoos and breeding in
%F,10,g\captivit%captivity offer the only hope of
survival. Golden lion tamarins,
sometimes called marmosets, survive
mainly in zoos. Their natural
habitat--the %F,10,h\rain%rain_forests of a small
area of Brazil--has been nearly
destroyed.
Scientists continue to study ways
to ensure the survival of endangered
mammals. Some governments and
individuals help by taking an active
interest in conservation. People can
try to make sure that their
descendants will see and enjoy the
other mammals that inhabit earth's
deserts and mountains, its seas and
%F,10,g\forest%forests, its %F,10,h\swamp%swamps and
%F,10,g\grasslan%grasslands.