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Mammals - A Multimedia Encyclopedia
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sealions
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seali.dat
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1990-06-22
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SEA LION
Among the star performers at many
circuses are trained California sea
lions. These sleek, playful animals
balance balls on their noses, bark
on command, and jump through hoops.
In the wild, California sea lions
live in the ocean off the rocky
coast of western North America and
around the Galápagos Islands off
South America. The sea lion is one
of more than 14 %f,10,h\species%species of
eared seals that inhabit seacoasts
throughout much of the world. The
largest, the male Steller sea lion,
weighs as much as 2,200 pounds
(1,000 kg). The smallest is the
Galápagos fur seal, which weighs
only 60 pounds (27 kg).
Sea lions are %f,10,g\carnivor%carnivores, %f,10,h\prey%preying
on fish, squid, seabirds, and
penguins. They also eat %f,10,g\krill%krill. Sea
lions and fur seals, also called
eared seals, have small, pointed
ears. Their hearing is excellent,
and they have keen eyesight. Seals
that do not have external ears--ears
that can be seen--are called true
seals or hair seals. Read about them
under their own heading.
Some %f,10,h\mammalog%mammalogists believe that sea
lions' closest relatives in the
carnivore %f,10,h\order%order are bears. They
think that sea lions and true seals
evolved separately, seals from
otterlike ancestors, and sea lions
from bearlike forebears.
%f,10,h\pinniped%Pinniped --which means "feather
footed"--describes the flippers of
these marine carnivores but not
their relationship to other %f,10,h\mammal%mammals.
Many kinds of sea lions live in
cold, sometimes icy, water. A thick
layer of fat, called %f,10,g\blubber%blubber, lines
their skins and protects them from
low temperatures. Like all marine
mammals, sea lions must swim to the
surface to breathe.
Sea lions are natural and graceful
swimmers and spend most of their
time in the water. They paddle with
their front flippers, using their
back flippers only to steer.
When on land, sea lions and fur
seals move by lifting themselves up
and "walking" on all four flippers.
Earless or true seals can only move
on land by wriggling on their
stomachs, their hind flippers
sticking out uselessly behind them.
During the %f,10,g\breed%breeding season, sea
lions and fur seals come ashore in
great numbers. On the islands off
the coast of Alaska, older males,
called bulls, stake out %f,10,h\territor%territories.
There as many as 40 females may
crowd together. The bulls bark and
growl as each fights to control his
territory. Although protected by
their thick hides, males may inflict
serious injuries to each other.
Younger males without territories
gather elsewhere in %f,10,g\bachelor%bachelor_herds.
During this time, the female,
called a cow, bears a single pup. A
few days later, the cow mates with a
bull. The next year, she will return
to give birth again. She %f,10,h\nurse%nurses her
young for four months.
Polar bears, sharks, and killer
whales all %f,10,h\prey%prey on sea lions,
especially the young. When attacked,
a sea lion may try to defend itself
by biting. Or it may quickly dive
deep or hide in a hard-to-reach
place between rocks or under ice.
For centuries, people have hunted
fur seals and sea lions for their fur
or for their blubber. Some species,
such as the South American fur seal
and the Guadalupe fur seal, were
hunted almost to %f,10,g\extinct%extinction. Today
laws help protect these animals.