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seals
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seal.dat
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1990-06-22
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SEAL
Seals are the acrobats of the
sea, powerful swimmers capable of
diving to depths of 2,000 feet (600
m) and staying underwater as long as
whales do. Seals are clumsy on land,
inching forward with caterpillarlike
body movements, or rolling, with
their hind %f,10,g\flipper%flippers stretched out
behind them. The other marine
%f,10,g\carnivor%carnivores, sea lions and eared or
fur seals, can bring their hind
flippers up under their bodies and
use them to "walk" on land. But true
seals--also called earless seals or
hair seals--cannot do this. Read
about sea lions and eared seals
under the heading "Sea Lions."
The largest seal, the southern
elephant seal, weighs as much as
5,300 pounds (2,240 kg). An adult
ringed seal may weigh as little as
100 pounds (45 kg.)
Seals catch fish, squid, seabirds,
and penguins with their pointed
teeth, and they also feed on small
shrimplike animals called %f,10,g\krill%krill.
Seals have keen eyesight and
excellent hearing. They do not have
ears that can be seen, only tiny
holes in the sides of their heads.
Eared seals--including sea lions--
have small, pointed, external ears.
Many kinds of seals live in cold,
icy water or on pack ice. A thick
layer of fat, called %f,10,g\blubber%blubber, lines
their skin on the inside and
protects them from low temperatures.
Like all marine %f,10,h\mammal%mammals, seals must
swim to the surface to breathe.
Weddell seals keep holes open in the
ice by gnawing with their sharp
teeth.
A few kinds of seals live in
warmer waters. %f,10,h\rare%Rare Hawaiian monk
seals, for example, are found near
the Hawaiian Islands. A few
Mediterranean monk seals may still
exist. A third %f,10,h\species%species of monk seal
once lived in the Caribbean, but
they are almost certainly %f,10,g\extinct%extinct.
Seals spend most of the time in
the water. Many kinds may not come
ashore for weeks at a time. Seals
are natural and graceful swimmers. A
harbor seal, for example, swims by
holding its front flippers flat
against its body and moving its back
flippers from side to side.
Seals come ashore to give birth,
sometimes in large groups. Most
newborn seals %f,10,h\nurse%nurse for two to six
weeks. The female seal, called a
cow, does not take care of her pup
for very long. The %f,10,h\offsprin%offspring must
survive on its own after a few days
or a few weeks, depending on the
%f,10,h\species%species.
Polar bears, sharks, and killer
whales all %f,10,h\prey%prey on seals, especially
the young. When attacked, a seal may
try to defend itself by biting, or
it may dive deep and hide in a
hard-to-reach place between rocks or
under ice.
%f,10,h\mammalog%Mammalogists believe that seals
are descended from land %f,10,g\carnivor%carnivores
and that once, millions of years
ago, seals and otters had a common
ancestor. Because their limbs have
evolved into flippers, they are
sometimes described as %f,10,h\pinniped%pinnipeds
--but most mammalogists agree that
they belong to the carnivore %f,10,h\order%order.
People kill seals for their fur or
for their blubber. For centuries,
some kinds of seals, such as monk
seals and hooded seals, were hunted
--until they were almost %f,10,g\extinct%extinct.
Today laws help protect these
animals.