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Mammals - A Multimedia Encyclopedia
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tapirs
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tapir.dat
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1990-06-22
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TAPIR
Standing motionless at the edge of
a %f,10,h\rain%rain_forest, a Brazilian tapir
raises its short trunk. The animal
sniffs the evening air for the scent
of a dangerous enemy--the jaguar.
The tapir's white-rimmed ears rotate
as it listens for danger. All seems
safe. So it steps into a clearing to
feed. It nibbles fallen fruit. Using
its trunk, it strips leaves and buds
from bushes.
Morning and evening, tapirs visit
their feeding and watering places.
Although many tapirs may live in the
same area, the animals travel alone
or in pairs. They trot along
tunnel-like paths they have worn
through the dense undergrowth during
years of use. The tunnels may extend
for miles.
Three kinds of tapirs are found in
the Western Hemisphere. Both the
Brazilian tapir and Baird's tapir
make their homes in %f,10,g\forest%forests,
thickets, and %f,10,g\grasslan%grasslands of South
America. Baird's tapir is also
found as far north as Mexico. Near
the snow line of the high Andes
lives the smallest tapir--the
woolly, or mountain, tapir. Its
long, wavy coat--much denser than
that of other tapirs--protects the
animal from chilly Andean
temperatures.
The largest and strongest tapir is
the Asiatic tapir, which weighs as
much as 800 pounds (363 kg). It
measures about 42 inches (107 cm)
tall at the shoulder. This shy
animal roams %f,10,h\swamp%swamps and forests in
Southeast Asia. A large patch of
light hair makes this kind of tapir
look like a black animal with a
white blanket tossed over its back.
So the animal is sometimes called
the blanket tapir.
Scientists think that tapirs have
probably lived on earth for about 20
million years. During that time, the
animals have changed very little.
Once tapirs roamed Europe and North
America, but they died out there
long ago.
Plump and short-legged, the tapir
looks like a large pig. But it is
related to the horse and the
rhinoceros. Like those animals, the
tapir can run quickly even through
tangled vines and thorny bushes.
Tapirs are expert swimmers. To get
to the water, they may slide down
steep hillsides in dense forests.
They also wear down paths on the
riverbanks above their swimming
holes.
At midday, the animals often wade
or wallow in mud. Wallowing helps
tapirs rid themselves of ticks.
Sometimes tapirs rub their bodies
against rocks and tree trunks to
scrape off the pests. Or, like dogs,
they sit and scratch their chests
and front legs with their hind feet.
A female tapir may bear a single
%f,10,h\offsprin%offspring at any time of the year.
The young tapir has a dark coat
patterned with yellow and white
stripes and spots. Because of the
markings, the offspring is hard to
see in the leafy shadows. It keeps
its protective coloring for about
six months. Within a year, the young
tapir is ready to leave its mother
and go off on its own.