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CHAPTER6.4T
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à 6.4ïFactoring Special Products
äïPlease factor the following binomials which are in the
êêform of the difference of two squares.
â
#êêêêèxì - 9yì
êêêè = (x + 3y)(x - 3y)
éS
#In order to factor, xì - 9yì, first note that each term in this binomial
#is a perfect square.ïThe first term, xì, can be represented as x∙x,
#and the second term, 9yì, can be represented as 3y∙3y.
Also, since the sign between the two terms indicates subtraction, this
factoring problem falls into the category of "the difference of two
squares".ïWhile this problem type can be factored using the master
product method, it is probably faster to use the trial and error method.
Using this approach, the first terms are x and x.ï(x + _)(x + _)
Choosing 3y and 3y for the second terms gives (xè3y)(xè3y).ïSince
#the last term in the original problem is negative, i.e. -9yì, the signs
are chosen as one plus and one minus.
êêêêêë(x + 3y)(x - 3y)
1
#êêêë Factor xì - 4
êïA)ï(x - 2)(x - 2)êêïC)ï(x + 2)(x - 2)
êïB)ï(x + 2)(x + 2)êêïD)ï(x + 1)(x - 4)
ü
#êêêêè xì - 4
êêêë = (x + 2)(x - 2)
Ç C
2
#êêêë Factor 4aì - 9
êïA)ï(2a - 3)(2a - 3)êêC)ï(2a + 3)(2a + 3)
êïB)ï(2a + 3)(2a - 3)êêD)ï(4a + 1)(a - 9)
ü
#êêêêè4aì - 9
êêêë = (2a + 3)(2a - 3)
Ç B
3
#êêêë Factor 25yì - 1
êïA)ï(5y + 1)(5y + 1)êêC)ï(5y - 1)(5y - 1)
êïB)ï(25y + 1)(y - 1)êêD)ï(5y + 1)(5y - 1)
ü
#êêêêè25yì - 1
êêêë = (5y + 1)(5y - 1)
Ç D
4
#êêêë Factor 16aì - 49
êïA)ï(4a + 7)(4a - 7)êêC)ï(4a - 7)(4a - 7)
êïB)ï(16a + 7)(a - 7)êêD)ï(4a + 7)(4a + 7)
ü
#êêêêè16aì - 49
êêêë = (4a + 7)(4a - 7)
Ç A
5
#êêêëFactor 49aì + 81bì
êïA)ï(7a - 9b)(7a + 9b)êëC)ï(7a - 9b)(7a - 9b)
êïB)ï(7a + 9b)(7a + 9b)êëD)ïprime
ü
ë This polynomial is the sum of two squares and does not factor.
êêêêèIt is prime.
Ç D
6
#êêêë FactorïxÅ - 81
#êïA)ï(x + 3)ì(x - 3)ìêêC)ï(xì + 9)(xì - 9)
#êïB)ï(xì + 9)(x + 3)(x - 3)ê D)ï(x + 3)(xÄ - 27)
ü
#êêêêè xÅ - 81
#êêêë = (xì + 9)(xì - 9)
#êêêë = (xì + 9)(x + 3)(x - 3)
Ç B
7
#êêêëFactorï12rì - 27sì
êïA)ï3(2r + 3s)(2r - 3s)êè C)ï(6r + 9s)(2r - 3s)
êïB)ïprimeêêêè D)ï(2r + 3s)(6r - 9s)
ü
#êêêêï12rì - 27sì
#êêêë = 3(4rì - 9sì)
êêêë = 3(2r + 3s)(2r - 3s)
Ç A
äïPlease factor the following polynomials which are in the
êêform of perfect square trinomials.
â
#êêêïFactorè4xì + 12x + 9
êêêê= (2x + 3)(2x + 3)
#êêêê= (2x + 3)ì
éS
#While the polynomial, 4xì + 12x + 9, can be factored using the master
product method, it can probably be done faster by using the trial and
#error approach.ïFirst, it should be noted that the first term, 4xì, is
a perfect square, and the last term, 9, is a perfect square.ïAlso
characteristic of this problem type is that the middle term, 12x, is
twice the product of the square roots of the first and last terms, i.e.
êêêê12xï=ï2∙(2x)(3)
Whenever a polynomial is of this form, it is called a perfect square
trinomial, and can be factored easily by the trial and error approach.
The first term can be expressed as 2x∙2x and the last term as 3∙3.
#êêêê 4xì + 12xy + 9
êêêë= (2xè3)(2xè3)
Since the last term in the original polynomial is plus 9, the signs have
to be either both negative or both positive.ïBoth positive signs are
chosen to make the middle term positive.
êêêêêêè (2x + 3)(2x + 3)
#This can be expressed in the formï(2x + 3)ì.ïThus the trinomial
#4xì + 12x + 9, can be factored into the perfect square, (2x + 3)ì.ïYou
can see why this problem is called a perfect square trinomial.
8
#êêêëFactorïaì + 6a + 9
#êïA)ï(a + 3)ìêêê C)ï(a - 3)(a - 3)
êïB)ï(a + 3)(a - 3)êêïD)ï(a + 1)(a + 9)
ü
#êêêêïaì + 6a + 9
êêêë =ï(a + 3)(a + 3)
#êêêë =ï(a + 3)ì
Ç A
9
#êêêëFactorïmì - 2m + 1
#êïA)ï(m + 1)ìêêê C)ïprime
#êïB)ï(m + 1)(m - 1)êêïD)ï(m - 1)ì
ü
#êêêêïmì - 2m + 1
êêêë =ï(m - 1)(m - 1)
#êêêë =ï(m - 1)ì
Ç D
10
#êêêè Factorïxì - 14x + 49
#êïA)ï(x + 7)ìêêê C)ï(x - 7)ì
êïB)ï(x + 7)(x - 7)êêïD)ïprime
ü
#êêêê xì - 14x + 49
êêêë =ï(x - 7)(x - 7)
#êêêë =ï(x - 7)ì
Ç C
11
#êêêè Factorï9aì - 30a + 25
#êïA)ï(3a - 5)ìêêêC)ï(9a - 1)(a + 25)
#êïB)ï(3a + 5)ìêêêD)ï(9a - 5)(a + 5)
ü
#êêêê9aì - 30a + 25
êêêë =ï(3a - 5)(3a - 5)
#êêêë =ï(3a - 5)ì
Ç A
12
#êêêèFactorï16mì + 24mn + 9nì
êïA)ï(4m + 9n)(4m - n)êë C)ï(16m + n)(m + 9n)
#êïB)ï(4m + 3n)ìêêë D)ï(4m - 3n)ì
ü
#êêêë 16mì + 24mn + 9nì
êêêë=ï(4m + 3n)(4m + 3n)
#êêêë=ï(4m + 3n)ì
Ç B