home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Multimedia Pre-Algeba
/
PREALGEBRA.iso
/
palgebra
/
chapter4.3b
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-09-24
|
7KB
|
311 lines
309
àï4.3ëSolving Proportions.
äè Please determine if the following Proportions are true.
âèDetermine if the following Proportions are true.
êë 2ê4êêêêêëThis is
# Case 1)ë─è=è─è,è 2∙6ï=ï3∙4è,ï12ï=ï12ï,ïa true
êë 3ê6êêêêêè proportion.
êë 3ê5êêêêêëThis is
# Case 2)ë─è=è─è,è 3∙9ï=ï5∙7è,ï27ïƒï35ï,ïNot a true
êë 7ê9êêêêêè proportion.
éS A Proportion is an equation you form when two Ratios are set
equal to each other.ïYou also have a proportion when two Rates are set
equal to each other.ïThe following equations are examples of Propor-
tions.êè2ë4êêê 3ë5
#êêï─ï=ï─êïandêè─ï=ï─
êêï3ë6êêê 7ë9
êêêêë2ë4
#To determine if the proportion,ï─ï=ï─ , is a true proportion, you
êêêêë3ë6
should cross multiply.ïThat is, you should multiply the "6" times "2"
and the "3" times "4".
êêêêï2∙6ï=ï3∙4
êêêêè12ï=ï12
Since the last statement is "true", the original proportion is "true".
êêêêêï3ë5
#è To determine if the proportion,ï─ï=ï─ , is a true proportion, you
êêêêêï7ë9
should cross multiply.ê 3∙9ï=ï7∙5
#êêêêè27ïƒï35
Since 27 is not equal to 35, the original proportion is Not a true
proportion.
ï1
êêêë 3ë6
#êëDetermine if,ï─ï=ï─ , is a true proportion.
êêêë 4ë9
êêêA)ïTrueê B)ïNot True
üêêêè 3ê6
#êêêêè─è=è─
êêêêè4ê9
êêêê3∙9è =è 4∙6
#êêêê 27è ƒè 24
êêêThis is not a true proportion.
Ç B
ï2
êêêê 4ë 8
#êêDetermine if,ï─ï=ï── , is a true proportion.
êêêê 5ë10
êêêA)ïTrueê B)ïNot True
üêêêè 4ê 8
#êêêêè─è=è──
êêêêè5ê10
êêêê4∙10è=è 5∙8
êêêê 40è =è 40
êêêïThis is a true proportion.
Ç A
ï3
êêêê 12ë60
#êêDetermine if,ï──ï=ï── , is a true proportion.
êêêêï7ë35
êêêA)ïTrueê B)ïNot True
üêêêè12ê60
#êêêêï──è=è──
êêêêè7ê35
êêêë 12∙35è=è7∙60
êêêê 420è=è420
êêêïThis is a true proportion.
Ç A
ï4
êêêë 12 gal.ë60 miles
#êëDetermine if,ï───────ï=ï──────── , is a true proportion.
(This proportionêë7 gal.ë35 miles
has two ratios)
êêêA)ïTrueê B)ïNot True
üêêêè12ê60
#êêêêï──è=è──ï(The units have been dropped)
êêêêè7ê35
êêêë 12∙35è=è7∙60
êêêê 420è=è420
êêêïThis is a true proportion.
Ç A
ï5
êêêë 3 daysë 14 dollars
#êëDetermine if,ï──────è=ï────────── , is a true proportion
(This proportionêè 5 daysë 23 dollars
has two ratios)
êêê A)ïTrueê B)ïNot True
üêêêè 3ê14
#êêêêè─è=è──ï(The units have been dropped)
êêêêè5ê23
êêêê3∙23è=è5∙14
#êêêêï69èƒè70
êêêThis is Not a true proportion.
Ç B
ï6
êêêë 4 yds.ë 20 yds.
#êëDetermine if,ï──────è=ï─────── , is a true proportion.
(This proportionêè 12 ft.ë 60 ft.
has two rates)
êêêA)ïTrueê B)ïNot True
üêêêè 4ê20
#êêêêï──è=è──ï(The units have been dropped)
êêêêï12ê60
êêêê4∙60è=è12∙20
êêêê 240è=è240
êêêïThis is a true proportion.
Ç A
ï7
êêêè40 milesê80 miles
#êïDetermine if,ï────────è=è──────── , is a true proportion.
(This proportionêï2 gal.êï5 gal.
has two rates)
êêêA)ïTrueê B)ïNot True
üêêêè40ê80
#êêêêï──è=è──ï(The units have been dropped)
êêêêè2ê 5
êêêê40∙5è=è2∙80
#êêêê 200èƒè160
êêêïThis is Not a true proportion.
Ç B
äèPlease solve the following Proportions.
#âèSolve,ëxê 5è ┌────────¥êè 40
#êêê─è=è──è │êëxè=è──
#êêê8ê20è │êêë 20
#êêêêê│êëxè=è2
#êêè 20∙xè=è8∙5è│
#êêêêê│
#êêè 20∙xè=è40 ───┘
éSêêêê xê 5
#êèTo solve the proportion,ï─è=è──ï, you must find the
êêêêê 8ê20
number that can replace "x" and make a true proportion.ïThe proportion,
xê 5
#─è=è── , is neither true nor false with the "x" present in the
8ê20
equation.ïTo "solve" the proportion means to find the number that can
replace "x" and make a true sentence.ïThe best way to solve the
proportion is to cross multiply.
êêêêèxê 5
#êêêêè─è=è──
êêêêè8ê20
êêêê20∙xè=è5∙8
Next, simplify the right hand side.
êêêê20∙xè=è40
Finally, you must divide the "20" into the "40" and reduce if necessary.
êêêêêè 40
#êêêêèxè=è──
êêêêêè 20
êêêêèxè=è2
Thus, "2" is the solution of the proportion.ïThis can be verified by
substituting "2" in for "x" in the original equation.
êêêêï2êè5
#êêêêï─è =è ──
êêêêï8êï20
(cross multiply)êï2∙20ë=ë8∙5
êêêê 40è =è 40
Since we have a true proportion, this verifies that "2" is the solution.
ï8êêêêè xê6
#êêëSolve the proportion,ï─è=è─ .
êêêêêê3ê9
êA)ï3êëB)ï2êëC)ï4êëD)ïå
#üêïxê6ê ┌──────¥êë 18
#êê ─è=è─ê │êëxè=è──
#êê 3ê9ê │êêê9
#êêêêè │
#êë 9∙xè=è3∙6ë │êëxè=è2
#êêêêè │
#êë 9∙xè=è18è ───┘
ÇïB
ï9êêêêè4ê8
#êêè Solve the proportion,ï─è=è─ .
êêêêêë 3êx
êA)ï4êëB)ï5êëC)ï6êëD)ïå
#üêï4ê8ê ┌──────¥êë 24
#êê ─è=è─ê │êëxè=è──
#êê 3êxê │êêê4
#êêêêè │
#êë 4∙xè=è3∙8ë │êëxè=è6
#êêêêè │
#êë 4∙xè=è24è ───┘
ÇïC
ï10êêêê 6ê18
#êêèSolve the proportion,ï─è=è── .
êêêêêëyê15
êA)ï5êëB)ï6êëC)ï9êëD)ïå
#üêï6ê18ê┌──────¥è 90
#êê ─è=è──ê│êè ──è=èy
#êê yê15ê│êè 18
#êêêêè │
#êë6∙15è=è18∙yë│êë5è=èy
#êêêêè │
#êê90è=è18∙yï───┘
ÇïA
ï11êêêêï5ê n
#êêè Solve the proportion,ï─è=è── .
êêêêêë 7ê35
êA)ï15êè B)ï20êè C)ï25êè D)ïå
#üêï5ê nê┌──────¥è175
#êê ─è=è──ê│êè───è=èn
#êê 7ê35ê│êè 7
#êêêêè │
#êë5∙35è=è7∙në │êè 25è=èn
#êêêêè │
#êë 175è=è7∙nè───┘
ÇïC
ï12êêêêï3ê p
#êêè Solve the proportion,ï─è=è── .
êêêêêë 4ê12
êA)ï9êëB)ï12êè C)ï8êëD)ïå
#üêï3ê pê┌──────¥è 36
#êê ─è=è──ê│êè ──è=èp
#êê 4ê12ê│êë4
#êêêêè │
#êë3∙12è=è4∙pë │êë9è=èp
#êêêêè │
#êê36è=è4∙pè───┘
ÇïA
ï13êêêê$65êëx
#êê Solve the proportion,ï──────è=è────── .ï(two Rates)
êêêêêè5 daysê2 days
êA)ï$30êèB)ï$26êèC)ï$28êèD)ïå
#üê 65ê xê┌──────¥è130
#êê──è=è──ê│êè───è=èx
#(The unitsë5ê 2ê│êè 5
#are dropped)êêë │
#êë 65∙2ï=è5∙xë │êè 26è=èx
#êêêêè │
#êë 130è=è5∙xè───┘ëThe solution is $26.
ÇïB
ï14êêêè7 tilesê 4 feet
#êëSolve the proportion,ï───────è=è─────── . (two Ratios)
êêêêêx tilesê20 feet
êA)ï35 tilesëB)ï25 tilesëC)ï45 tilesëD)ïå
#üêï7ê 4ê┌──────¥è140
#êê──è=è──ê│êè───è=èx
#(The unitsëxê20ê│êè 4
#are dropped)êêë │
#êë 7∙20ï=è4∙xë │êè 35è=èx
#êêêêè │
#êë 140è=è4∙xè───┘ëThe solution is 35 tiles.
ÇïA
ï15êêêè 2 gal.ê7 gal.
#êëSolve the proportion,è──────è=è──────ï. (two Rates)
êêêêê 8 qts.êx qts.
êA)ï22 qts.ë B)ï24 qts.ë C)ï28 qts.ë D)ïå
#üêï2ê7ê ┌──────¥êë 56
#êê──è=è─ê │êëxè=è──
#(The unitsë8êxê │êêê2
#are dropped)êêë │
#êê2∙xï=è8∙7ë │êëxè=è28
#êêêêè │
#êê2∙xï=è56è ───┘ëThe solution is 28 qts.
ÇïC
ï16êê 250 peach treesê2 acres
#ïSolve the proportion,ï────────────────è=è───────ï. (two Ratios)
êêêè 1500 peach treesêx acres
êA)ï16 acresëB)ï12 acresëC)ï14 acresëD)ïå
#üê 250ë 2ê ┌──────¥êë 3000
#êë ────ï=ï──ê │êëxè=è────
#(The unitsè1500ë xê │êêê250
#are dropped)êêë │
#êë250 xï=è2∙1500è│êëxè=è12
#êêêêè │
#êë250∙xï=è3000ï───┘ëThe solution is 12 acres.
ÇïB