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1987-04-22
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4KB
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91 lines
THE BEGINNERS GUIDE TO COMPUTING
********************************
PART 3
******
BY KEEFY
********
Here we are again with the third part of the beginners computing guide.
The aim of this little series is to help us know a little more about
what's under the cover of our beloved pooter. There is more too it than
the keyboard, the disc drive, the montior and a few wires.
As i'm sure we all know, the inside of a computer is made up of electronic
circuitry. As time has passed, technology has got better and faster. The
development of powerful microscopes has helped to allow smaller and
smaller circuits to develop. These are called integrated circuits or
chips.
Some of these chips are called micro computers because they contain a
micro processor and memory on it. These single chip micro computers can
store information and then process it at the correct instant in time, or
when called for.
MEMORY
******
A computer has two types of memory. ROM and RAM. ROM stands for Read
Only Memory. This is used to store information which might be wanted
every time you switch on. For example reading disks etc....Another term
for ROM is non volatile. This is because any data in ROM is not erased
when the computer is switched off.
The other type of computer memory is RAM. RAM meaning Random Access
Memory. This is temporary memory, which is used to store the program you
are working on. For example, when playing a game, the game is loaded from
the disk and then stored in RAM whilst playing it. Another example is
when using a word-proccesing program. Both the word-processing program
and the document you are working on are stored in RAM. RAM is volatile,
which means that when you switch the computer off, all data in RAM is
lost. So if you want to keep your document, it needs to be saved to disk
before switching off so you don't lose it.
PERIPHERALS
***********
A peripheral is a device which is coneccted to and controlled by the
computer, it communicates with the computer, but is not actually part of
the computer itself. Without peripherals computers systems would be very
limited. For example, what use would a computer be without a disk drive,
cassette player, printer, television (or vdu).
Peripherals can be in one of two states, either on line or off line. On
line means it is active and ready to communicate with the computer via
cables or whatever. Off line is when the peripheral might still be
connected to, but not ready to communicate with the computer.
To connect a peripheral to the computer an INTERFACE is needed. An
interface is a peice of hardware or software which allows the connection.
Hardware interface's are connected to the computer using ports. I.e
joystick port, cartridge port, midi port etc........ However, the
information being transfered from device to device may be transmitted at
different speeds and may even be different types. So therefore the
computer has within it a peice of hardware called a buffer. This allows
mutual communication in a form that both devices can understand.
Interfaces can be of two types, either serial or parallel. Serial feeds
the information one bit at a time whereas a parallel feeds several bits at
a time.
eg..
SERIAL >>>>>>>>>>>>-----------COMPUTER
PARALLEL >>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>------------COMPUTER
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
Therfore this means that a parallel interface would be considerably faster
than a serial one.
Right, thats it for me i think, my brains starting to hurt. Next month
input, output and erm storage devices methinks.
tatty bye!