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1983-09-09
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. Modifying the H89 for 4Mhz Operation
.
. by John Stetson
.
. As time passes, more and more H89 computer owners are discovering
. that it is feasible to upgrade the Heath H89 computer to run at a clock
. speed of 4Mhz, instead of the standard 2Mhz. The potential throughput
. improvements in processing capability and console speed are impressive.
. And best of all, the necessary modifications can usually be performed
. for as little as $25, depending on the speed of the RAM chips in the H89.
.
. This article is intended to provide some general information about
. the conversion process, without trying to include every conceivable patch
. or trick, since that would be a Herculean undertaking!
.
. The 4Mhz conversion includes the following basic steps:
.
. 1) Replace the Z-80 cpu chip which operates at a 2Mhz clock speed with
. a Z-80A cpu chip which operates at 4Mhz. Z-80A chips are available
. for as little as $7 to $8 in quantities of one (check BYTE magazine).
.
. 2) Replace the H-17 Disk Controller ROM (444-19), which assumes 2Mhz
. operation, with a new ROM in which the 2Mhz dependencies have been
. removed. The modified ROM can be used at EITHER 2Mhz OR 4Mhz.
. The modified ROM can be obtained for $7.50 from Najay Systems.
. (See the address at the end of this article.)
.
. 3) Replace none, some, or all of the 64K of RAM chips, as necessary.
. This is the tricky part. Depending on the speed of the RAM chips
. currently in your H89, you may have to replace all 64K, in the worst
. case. This is usually the last thing to check; if you can run ok
. at 4Mhz without touching your RAM, you're home free. You may be
. able to determine the speed of some of the chips by contacting the
. chip manufacturer and providing the part number. Otherwise, you
. may wish to test your RAM in blocks of 16K and replace each set of
. 16K that is too slow. If money is no object, simply replace all 64K!
. Some 4116 dynamic RAM chips are stamped with "dash numbers" such as
. 4116-2, or 4116-3. Unfortunately, these do not always have the same
. speed definition from manufacturer to manufacturer, so beware!
.
. The common 4116 RAM chip access speeds are summarized below:
.
. Access time Clock Speed Approximate Cost(*)
. ----------- ----------- ----------------
. 450 nsec 2Mhz .......
. 300 nsec 3Mhz $11/16K
. 250 nsec 3-4Mhz $12/16K
. 200 nsec 4-5Mhz $13/16K
. 150 nsec 5-6Mhz $16/16K
.
. (*) Advertised in a recent issue of Microcomputing magazine.
.
. From the table above, it is apparent that 150 or 200 nanosecond
. access time chips are preferred, 250 nsec chips are marginal, and
. 300 nsec or slower chips probably won't work. Some chips rated
. at slower speeds MAY perform reliably at faster speeds, but why
. take a chance?
.
. In some cases H89 owners have also had to replace the 2 2114 RAM
. chips on the cpu card with faster parts, but this is the exception
. rather than the rule.
.
. 4) Modify the H89 cpu card so that the CPU, ROM, and RAM see a 4Mhz
. clock signal, while the H88-1 disk controller card sees a 2Mhz
. clock signal. This can be accomplished in several ways, some more
. reliable than others. Najay Systems provides instructions on how
. to do this for $7.50 (see below). This modification involves
. cutting 3 traces and adding either 2 jumpers and 3 wires to a switch
. or 3 jumpers without a switch. The switch allows you to easily
. go back to 2Mhz operation, which is helpful when troubleshooting.
.
. 5) Make any necessary patches to the HDOS or CP/M software you use.
. When I performed the 4Mhz mod, I was very surprised at how few
. patches were required to run at 4Mhz. If you use the standard Heath
. H17 SY DVD, the DG Electronics H17 SY DVD, or the Ultimeth V2.0 H17
. SY DVD, NO patches are necessary for 4Mhz operation with either the
. standard 100K hard sectored 5" drives or the 400K Tandon drives.
. The HUG SY DVD (Ultimeth V1.0) will NOT work at 4Mhz. The Heath
. CP/M BIOS V2.2.02 or V2.2.03 MUST be patched to work at 4Mhz. The
. best collection of patches I have seen for CP/M is those compiled
. by Bill Moss. These are available on the MicroNet HUG Bulletin
. Board, and may be published in a future >CHUG newsletter, if there
. is sufficient interest. The Livingston Logic Labs BIOS-80 for
. Heath CP/M with the 400K Tandon drives has also been patched for
. reliable 4Mhz operation, and recently shipped copies need no patches.
.
. 6) This step is optional, but is highly recommended if you wish to fully
. realize the increased H89 console throughput capabilities available
. at 4Mhz. If you have not already done so, you should now increase
. the H89 terminal logic board clock rate to 3Mhz and the baud rate
. from 9600 baud to 19200 baud. It is usually unnecessary to replace
. the Z-80 chip on the terminal logic board to run at 3Mhz, but you
. may wish to install a Z-80A to be on the safe side. Operation of the
. terminal logic board at 4Mhz appears possible, but of dubious value
. at the present time (a faster H-19 ROM will probably be required and
. the 2114 display RAMs may have to be replaced with faster parts).
.
. The switch settings for 19200 baud rate are as follows:
.
. H89/H19 terminal logic card:
.
. Switch 401: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
. 9600 baud: 0 0 1 1 . . . .
. 19200 baud: 1 0 1 1 . . . .
.
. H89 cpu card with MTR-89:
.
. Switch 501: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
. 9600 baud: . . . . . . 0 .
. 19200 baud: . . . . . . 1 .
.
. The modifications to change the terminal logic board clock
. rate are as follows:
.
. H89/H19 terminal clock speed selection:
.
. 2Mhz: jumper JP10 pin 2 to pin 5
.
. 3Mhz: cut JP10 pin 2 to pin 5
. jumper JP10 pin 1 to pin 5
.
. 4Mhz: cut JP10 pin 2 to pin 5
. jumper JP10 pin 5 to U413 pin 9
.
. To see the reason for increasing the terminal logic board clock
. rate, consider the following unscientific benchmark tests I ran:
.
. H89 4Mhz benchmark tests:
.
. List a 128 sector ASCII file on the console:
.
. 2Mhz H89 cpu, 3Mhz terminal, 9600 baud -> 36 seconds
. 4Mhz H89 cpu, 2Mhz terminal, 9600 baud -> 36 seconds
. 4Mhz H89 cpu, 3Mhz terminal, 9600 baud -> 36 seconds
.
. 2Mhz H89 cpu, 3Mhz terminal, 19200 baud -> 29 seconds
. 4Mhz H89 cpu, 2Mhz terminal, 19200 baud -> 22 seconds (*)
. 4Mhz H89 cpu, 3Mhz terminal, 19200 baud -> 18 seconds
.
. (*) The H19 rom doesn't seem to handle this combination reliably.
.
. As you can see, the baud rate is the limiting factor on console
. throughput at 9600 baud. Increasing the baud rate to 19200 with
. a 2Mhz cpu clock and a 3Mhz terminal clock provides about a 20%
. improvement, but the console is now cpu-bound. Only at a 4Mhz
. cpu clock rate and a 3Mhz terminal clock rate is the full speed
. of the 19200 baud rate realized.
.
. One other note: I understand that the newer H-19A's and H-89A's
. have significantly different internal printed circuit cards than
. the older H-19's and H-89's. I have yet to hear of anyone who
. has succesfully modified the newer models, but chances are that
. the process will be very similar.
.
. In conclusion, it is obvious that this article has omitted some of
. the technical details of implementing the 4Mhz conversion. This
. was intentionally done to keep it down to a reasonable size. If you
. decide to go ahead with the conversion, I think you will be very
. impressed with the results. Programs such as PIE, INVADERS, all
. of the commonly used assemblers, compilers and basic interpreters
. really come to life at 4Mhz and saving time is what computing is
. all about! As mentioned above, the modified H17 ROM and detailed
. instructions on modifying the cpu board can be ordered for $15 from:
.
. George Najarian
. Najay Systems
. 3136 Vermillion St.
. W Covina, Ca. 91792
. (714) 594-9564
.
. P.S. Najay Systems is reportedly working on a newer, easier to
. install 4Mhz modification kit which is a small PC board which
. plugs into a socket on the H89 cpu card and may allow a software
. selectable 2 or 4Mhz clock frequency with NO trace cuts or jumpers
. required (of course it will cost more!). And for those with
. even more money to spend, there's the new DG Electronics SUPER-89!
.
. EOF