Oakland CPM Archive/oakcpm.iso/cpm/zcpr2/z2ug1.wq/Z2UG1.WS

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.fo Section 4 - Library Utilities                      Page   #

4.0  Library Utilities

4.1  Author Credits and Introduction to LU

     Thi≤  documen⌠ applie≤ t∩ versioε 1.1░ oµ LU.COM«á  I⌠á als∩ ì
applie≤á t∩ Versioε 1.░ oµ LDIR┌ b∙ RicharΣ Conε anΣ Versioεá 1.░ ì
oµá LRUN┌á b∙ RicharΣ Conε (whicΦ wa≤ deriveΣ froφ LRU╬á b∙á Gar∙ ì
Novosielski).

Copyright (c) 1982 Gary P. Novosielski
All rights reserved.

     Permissioε  i≤  hereb∙  granteΣ  t∩ cop∙ anΣ distributσ thi≤ ì
documen⌠á  fo≥á  an∙  non-commercia∞  purpose«á An∙ usσá oµá thi≤ ì
materia∞á  fo≥á  commercia∞á  advantagσ  withou⌠á  prio≥á writteε ì
consen⌠ oµ thσ autho≥ i≤ prohibited.

     ╔á havσá modifieΣ thσ origina∞ documen⌠ fo≥ inclusioεá iεá ß ì
HEL╨á filσá anΣ elaborateΣ oε thσ subjec⌠ witΦá documentatioεá oε ì
LRUNZ and LDIRZ.


                          INTRODUCTION

     Librar∙  Utilit∙  (LU⌐  i≤  ß  prograφ t∩ allo≈ combininτ oµ ì
multilplσá  file≤á  int∩  onσ  large≥  file«á  I⌠á require≤á CP/═ ì
versioε  2.░  o≥  highe≥  t∩  run«  L╒  run≤ unde≥ ZCPR2.

     Thi≤á large≥á filσ i≤ divideΣ int∩ tw∩á basiπá part≤á -- thσ ì
director∙á (a⌠á thσá fron⌠á oµ thσ file⌐ anΣá thσá file≤á oµá thσ ì
library«  Thσ director∙ informatioε i≤ storeΣ iε thσ samσ filσ a≤ ì
thσá  data¼á  o≥á  membe≥  files«á  Thσ  amoun⌠  oµ  spacσ t∩á bσ ì
allocateΣ  t∩  thσ  director∙  mus⌠ bσ specifieΣ b∙ thσ use≥ wheε  ì
ß  ne≈ librar∙ i≤ created¼á bu⌠ caε bσ changeΣ wheε thσ filσá  i≤ ì
reorganized« Thσ sizσ oµ eacΦ director∙ entr∙ i≤ 3▓ bytes¼  whicΦ  ì
mean≤á eacΦá fou≥á director∙ entrie≤ takσ u≡ onσ secto≥á  oµá thσ ì
librar∙ file«á Currentl∙ onl∙ 1╢ byte≤ oµ eacΦ entr∙  arσá  used¼  ì
witΦá 1╢á byte≤á beinτá reserveΣ fo≥ usσá witΦá possiblσá  futurσ ì
enhancements«á Thσ director∙ itselµ use≤ onσ entr∙  fo≥á  contro∞  ì
information¼á s∩á thσ numbe≥ oµ director∙ sector≤  needeΣ  fo≥  ß ì
librar∙ oµ φ member≤ i≤ (φ ½ 1⌐ » 4¼ roundeΣ u≡ t∩ thσ nex⌠ wholσ ì
number.

     Thσá  use≥á neeΣ no⌠ bσ concerneΣ witΦá thi≤á discussioεá a≤ ì
director∙á  sizσá  i≤ calculateΣ b∙ thσá program«á Al∞á director∙ ì
size≤á  arσá  inpu⌠ anΣ outpu⌠ iε term≤ oµá entries¼á eacΦá entr∙ ì
beinτ ß potentia∞ membe≥ file« Thσ prograφ adjust≤ director∙ sizσ ì
t∩ aε integra∞ numbe≥ oµ sectors.

     LRUN┌á  i≤á  ß  smal∞ prograφ whicΦ allow≤ runninτ  ßá  .CO═ ì
(objec⌠á code⌐ filσ membe≥ directl∙ froφá an∙á library¼á  withou⌠  ì
havinτá  t∩á  extrac⌠á i⌠á t∩á ßá separatσá disδá file«áá  I⌠á i≤ ì
specificall∙á intendeΣ t∩ bσ useΣ witΦ ß defaul⌠ COMMAND.LB╥ filσ ì
under ZCPR2 and can be used as an Extended Command Processor.è
     LDIR┌ i≤ ß prograφ whicΦ allow≤ thσ use≥ t∩ displa∙ ß sorteΣ ì
director∙ oµ thσ file≤ iε ß defaul⌠ COMMAND.LB╥ file«á  Simplσ iε ì
nature¼á LDIR┌á give≤á thσ use≥ thσ abilit∙ t∩ selec⌠á group≤á oµ ì
file≤ viß wilΣ card≤ anΣ displa∙ ß sorteΣ listinτ whicΦá include≤ ì
individual file sizes.



4.2  Why Use Libraries?

     First¼á  ß librar∙ filσ usuall∙ take≤ u≡ les≤ spacσ thaε thσ ì
tota∞á oµá thσ individua∞ membe≥ file≤ whicΦ wen⌠ int∩á it«á  Thσ  ì
reasoεá  fo≥á  thi≤  i≤ tha⌠ CP/═ allocate≤ disδ spacσá iεá fixeΣ  ì
block≤  o≥ groups¼á typicall∙ 2δ byte≤ each« An∙ spacσ afte≥  thσ  ì
las⌠á  secto≥á  oµ  ß filσ u≡ t∩ thσ nex⌠ 2δá blocδá boundr∙á  i≤ ì
wasted«á Thσá samσá file≤á iε ß librar∙ usσ onl∙á thσá numbe≥á oµ ì
sector≤á the∙ actuall∙ need¼á anΣ thougΦ thσ librar∙ itselµá  ma∙  ì
havσá  ß  partiall∙ wasteΣ blocδ a⌠ thσ end¼á anΣ require≤   somσ  ì
spacσ  fo≥  director∙  informatioε  a⌠  thσ beginning¼á  thσ  ne⌠  ì
effec⌠  i≤  usuall∙  ß savinτ oµ tota∞ space«á  Thσ  bes⌠ result≤ ì
arσ seeε wheε man∙ smal∞ file≤ arσ combineΣ int∩ onσ library.

     Second¼  ß librar∙ filσ make≤ mos⌠ efficien⌠ usσ oµ thσ CP/═ ì
disδá directory¼á sincσá i⌠ i≤ treateΣ a≤ onl∙ onσ filσá b∙á CP/═ ì
regardles≤ oµ ho≈ man∙ member≤ i⌠ contains.

     Third¼á  librarie≤á  caεá  aiΣ iε transferrinτá package≤á oµ ì
softwarσ  froφ  onσ systeφ t∩ anothe≥ usinτ XMODEM« Onl∙ onσ filσ  ì
i≤ transferred¼á eliminatinτ thσ neeΣ t∩ ruε thσ XMODE═á  ransfe≥  ì
prograφ severa∞ times¼á thσ chancσ oµ overlookinτ ß needeΣ  file¼ ì
anΣá thσá problem≤ oµ naminτ conflicts¼á (sucΦ a≤ READ.M┼á files⌐ ì
amonτ unrelateΣ packages.



4.3  Why Not Use Libraries?

     Therσá   arσá  somσá  ver∙  gooΣ  reason≤  fo≥á  no⌠á  usinτ ì
libraries«á  Fo≥á onσá thing¼á file≤á withiε ßá librar∙á arσá no⌠ ì
availablσá t∩  mos⌠ "normaló programs«á Iµ ß frequentl∙á accesseΣ ì
filσ i≤ placeΣ  iε  ß library¼á i⌠ wil∞ havσ t∩ bσ extracteΣ froφ ì
thσ librar∙  t∩  it≤  free-standinτ counterpar⌠ beforσ i⌠ caεá bσ ì
useΣá  b∙á  ß  program«á (.CO═ file≤ arσ ß notablσá exceptioεá t∩ ì
this¼á  becausσá  oµá  thσ  availabilit∙  oµ  thσ LRUN┌á command¼ ì
covereΣ later.)


     Librarie≤  caε  actuall∙  wastσ disδ space« Wheε ß disδ filσ  ì
i≤ erased¼á CP/═ return≤ thσ spacσ formerl∙ useΣ b∙ thσ filσá  t∩  ì
thσá  freσ  spacσ poo∞ fo≥ usσ b∙ ne≈ files«á Wheε ß membe≥  filσ  ì
i≤á  deleteΣá  froφá ßá librar∙á however¼á thσá spacσá previousl∙  ì
occupieΣá b∙á thσá filσ i≤ no⌠á useable«á Thσá librar∙á mus⌠á  bσ  ì
reorganizeΣá  t∩ makσ thi≤ spacσ availablσ t∩ CP/M«á  Whilσ  thi≤  ì
i≤  eas∙  t∩  d∩ witΦ thσ L╒ command¼á i⌠ i≤ no⌠ automatic¼á  anΣ  ì
iµ thσ situatioε i≤ ignored¼á largσ area≤ oµ disδ caε bσ tieΣá u≡ ì
a≤ unproductivσ "deaΣ space".



4.4  How to Use the Library Utility LU

     L╒á ha≤ tw∩ basiπ method≤á oµá operation║á interactive¼á anΣ ì
paramete≥  driven«á Usσ oµ thσ interactivσ methoΣ i≤ probabl∙ thσ  ì
bes⌠á wa∙ t∩ ge⌠ t∩ kno≈ thσ program¼á becausσ thσ effec⌠ oµ eacΦ ì
actioε caε bσ immediatle∙ seen.

     T∩  star⌠ aε interactivσ librar∙ maintenancσá session¼á jus⌠ ì
typσá  L╒á  oεá  thσ  commanΣ linσ witΦ n∩ parameter≤á afte≥á it«  ì
Afte≥á  yo⌡á  arσ  familia≥  witΦ thσ program¼á yo⌡á caεá specif∙ ì
multiplσá paramter≤á oε thσ commanΣ linσ anΣ L╒á wil∞á worδá witΦ ì
littlσá  o≥á n∩ intervention«á Inpu⌠ froφ disδ files¼á ├á prograφ ì
"pipes"¼á  anΣá  thσá XSU┬ facilit∙ arσ als∩ supporteΣá fo≥á morσ ì
advanceΣ applications.

     Al∞á  thσá  method≤  makσ  usσ oµá simila≥á syntax«á CommanΣ ì
inpu⌠á  take≤ tw∩ forms║á operator≤ (sometime≤á calleΣá tags¼á o≥ ì
options⌐ anΣ operands.

     Aεá  operato≥á  i≤á  defineΣ  a≤  an∙ tw∩á characte≥á strinτ ì
wherσ  thσ  firs⌠  characte≥ i≤ ß minu≤ sign«á Operator≤ tel∞ thσ  ì
prograφ wha⌠ t∩ do« ValiΣ operator≤ arσ -a¼ -d¼ -e¼ -l¼ -o¼ anΣ -ì
r«á Anythinτ elsσ witΦ ß simila≥ forφ i≤ aε operato≥ too¼á bu⌠ aε ì
invaliΣ one.

     Operand≤  arσ  everythinτ  else« Normally¼ operand≤ arσ filσ ì
name≤ whicΦ yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ adΣ to¼á deletσ from¼á o≥ extrac⌠ froφ  ß  ì
librar∙  file¼á  o≥ arσ name≤ oµ librar∙ file≤ t∩ bσ opened« The∙ ì
ma∙ contaiε thσ character≤ ¬ o≥ ┐á iε whicΦ casσ the∙ arσá calleΣ ì
ambiguou≤ operands« Somσ valiΣ operand≤ are:

 foo.bar       b:test.fil     z         *.*       comm?nd

     T∩  refe≥ t∩ ß filσ nameΣ "-zó thσ operanΣ woulΣ havσ t∩  bσ  ì
entereΣá a≤á "-z.ó witΦ thσ period¼á sincσ otherwisσ i⌠ woulΣá bσ ì
mistakeε a≤ aε invaliΣ operator.

     Wha⌠á  actioεá  i≤ takeε upoε thσ filσá depend≤á upoεá whicΦ ì
operato≥á  mos⌠á  recentl∙  precedeΣ  it«á  Iµ  n∩á operato≥á wa≤ ì
entered¼á  o≥  aε invaliΣ one¼ o≥ onσ tha⌠ take≤ n∩ operands¼ thσ ì
operanΣ wil∞ bσ ignored.
è     Wheε runninτ interactively¼á L╒ prompt≤ fo≥ eacΦ operanΣ anΣ  ì
operator¼á  onσ pe≥ inpu⌠ line«á Multiplσ input≤ pe≥ linσ arσ no⌠ ì
alloweΣ usinτ thσ interactivσ method.

     Thσá  promp⌠á  yo⌡á  wil∞  seσ  i≤ thσ namσ oµá thσá curren⌠ ì
operato≥á  followeΣá  b∙  ß  ">ó character¼á fo≥á examplσá "-E>"«  ì
Thi≤á  indicate≤á tha⌠ thσ -σ operato≥ i≤ iε effect¼á anΣá iµá aε ì
operanΣá  i≤á  entereΣ i⌠ wil∞ bσ interpreteΣ a≤ thσá namσá oµá ß ì
membe≥á  filσá  t∩  bσ  ExtracteΣ  froφ  thσá library«á Wheεá thσ ì
prograφá  firs⌠á start≤ up¼á thσ promp⌠ i≤ "-?>ó whicΦá mean≤á n∩ ì
operato≥á  i≤á  currentl∙  iε  effect«á  Iε thi≤ case¼á thσá onl∙ ì
valiΣ inpu⌠ i≤ aε operator« An∙ operanΣ wil∞ bσ ignored.


4.5  Summary of Operators

     The operators available under LU are:

          -A   Add Files to Library
          -D   Delete Files from Library
          -E   Extract Files from Library
          -L   List Library
          -O   Open a Library
          -R   Reorganize a Library

     Thesσáá operator≤á arσá discusseΣá iεá morσá detai∞á iεá thσ ì
following frames.

     -ßá   adΣá  file≤  t∩  library«á  -ß  cause≤ thσá promp⌠á t∩ ì
changσá  t∩  -A╛ whicΦ wil∞ theε accep⌠ a≤ operand≤ thσ name≤á oµ  ì
file≤á  t∩  bσ  addeΣ t∩ thσ opeε library«á (Iµ n∩á librar∙á namσ  ì
ha≤á  beeε  openeΣ  witΦ  thσ  -∩ operator¼á thσ defaul⌠á librar∙  ì
LIBRARY.LB╥á  i≤á  alway≤á  useΣ  instead.⌐á  Ambiguou≤á operand≤  ì
matcΦá  al∞  disδ  file≤ whicΦ qualif∙ accordinτ t∩ norma∞á  CP/═  ì
wild-carΣ  conventions¼á  excep⌠  thosσ  witΦ ß filetypσ oµ .LBR« ì
Explici⌠ drivσ specificatioε oε aε operanΣ cause≤  tha⌠ drivσá t∩ ì
bσ searcheΣ fo≥ thσ file(s⌐ insteaΣ oµ thσ curren⌠ drive.

     -Σá   deletσá file≤ froφ library«á -Σ cause≤ thσá promp⌠á t∩ ì
changσ  t∩  -D╛  whicΦ  accept≤ name≤ oµ file≤ t∩ bσ deleteΣ froφ  ì
thσá  opeεá  library«á  Ambiguou≤  name≤ matcΦ al∞á membe≥á file≤  ì
whicΦá  qualify«á  Drivσ specification≤ oε operand≤ arσá ignored¼   ì
sincσ   thσ  librar∙  member≤  arσ  obviousl∙  oε whicheve≥ drivσ ì
contain≤ thσ opeε library.

     -σá   extrac⌠  file≤  froφ library«á -σ cause≤ thσ promp⌠ t∩ ì
changσ t∩ -E╛ whicΦ accept≤ name≤ oµ librar∙ membe≥ file≤ t∩   bσ   ì
extracteΣá  t∩  norma∞  free-standinτá  CP/═á  files«á  Ambiguou≤  ì
name≤á matcΦ al∞ membe≥ file≤ whicΦ qualify«á Drivσ specificatioε  ì
oεá ßá membe≥á namσ cause≤ thσ outpu⌠ filσ t∩ bσá placeΣá oεá thσ ì
specifieΣá drivσ rathe≥ thaε thσ curren⌠á drive«á  An∙á  existinτ  ì
filσá  witΦá  thσá samσ namσ wil∞ bσ overwritteε unles≤á  i⌠á  i≤ ì
protecteΣ b∙ virtuσ oµ it≤ Read/Onl∙ flaτ bi⌠ beinτ set.


     -∞   lis⌠  curren⌠ librar∙ map«á -∞ cause≤ thσ director∙á oµ  ì
thσá  curren⌠  librar∙  t∩  bσ listeΣ oε thσ console«á Thσ membe≥  ì
name≤á  arσ  displayed¼á  alonτ  witΦ  thei≥ index¼á o≥á startinτ  ì
positioεá  withiεá  thσ  library¼á  anΣ thei≥á sizσá iεá sectors«  ì
Also¼á informatioεá i≤ displayeΣ abou⌠ thσ numbe≥ oµ sector≤á  iε  ì
thσ  library¼  anΣ  ho≈  mucΦ space¼ i≤ useΣ o≥ unuseΣ  (wasted)«  ì
Informatioεá  i≤á  als∩ displayeΣ abou⌠ thσ numbe≥ oµ entrie≤á iε ì
thσ directory¼á anΣ ho≈ man∙ arσ active¼á deleted¼á  o≥  freσ fo≥ ì
use«á Thi≤ help≤ determinσ whethe≥ thσ librar∙  need≤  t∩  bσ re-ì
organizeΣá t∩á freσá unuseΣá spacσá anΣá deleteΣá  entries«á  Thσ  ì
operato≥á  -∞á expect≤á n∩á operands¼áá s∩á afte≥á  thσá lis⌠á i≤ ì
displayed¼á thσá promp⌠ change≤ bacδ t∩ -?╛ fo≥ entr∙ oµá anothe≥ ì
operator.

     -∩   opeε  ß library«á -∩ cause≤ thσ promp⌠ t∩ changσ t∩ -O╛  ì
whicΦ  accept≤  thσ namσ oµ ß librar∙ filσ t∩ bσ openeΣ fo≥á  usσ  ì
witΦ  subsequen⌠  operators« Iµ anothe≥ librar∙ i≤ alread∙  open¼  ì
i⌠á  i≤ closeΣ first«á Iµ thσ ne≈ librar∙ doe≤ no⌠  exist¼á i⌠ i≤ ì
createΣá witΦá aεá empt∙ directory«á Ambiguou≤á name≤á  arσá  no⌠ ì
allowed«á Drivσ specificatioε i≤ allowed« Thσ filσ  typσ  ma∙  bσ ì
specified¼á bu⌠á default≤ t∩ .LB╥ whicΦ i≤ strongl∙ suggesteΣá a≤ ì
thσ filσ typσ fo≥ al∞ librar∙ files.

     Yo⌡á  wil∞á  recal∞ tha⌠ file≤ oµ typσá -ßá (add⌐á operator«  ì
Thi≤á  prevent≤á  librarie≤á  froφ  beinτ accidentall∙á addeΣá t∩ ì
othe≥á  libraries¼á  o≥  t∩ themselves╗á ß situatioεá no⌠á unlikσ ì
tryinτá  t∩á  drivσ  ß  trucδ u≡ it≤ owε tailpipe«á Iµá fo≥á somσ ì
reasoε  yo⌡ wan⌠ t∩ adΣ onσ librar∙ t∩ another¼á bσ m∙ guest¼ bu⌠  ì
yo⌡á  wil∞á  havσá  t∩á  specif∙á  thσá  namσá  withou⌠á ¬á o≥á ┐ ì
character≤ wheε addinτ it.

     -≥á   reorganizσá  library«á  -≥ cause≤ thσá currentl∙á opeε ì
librar∙  t∩  bσ  reorganized« First¼ thσ director∙ i≤ sorteΣ int∩  ì
alphabetica∞  order¼  anΣ  theε al∞ activσ member≤ arσ copieΣ  t∩  ì
ßá  worδá  librar∙á  whicΦ i≤ openeΣ oε thσá curren⌠á drive¼á no⌠ ì
necessaril∙ thσ drivσ containinτ thσ olΣ library«  Thσ  use≥  ma∙ ì
specif∙á ß differen⌠ numbe≥ oµ entrie≤ fo≥ thσ worδ  librar∙á  iµ  ì
i⌠á i≤á necessar∙á t∩á expanΣá o≥á compres≤á thσá directory«á Thσ ì
director∙á wil∞á alway≤ bσ madσ largσ enougΦ t∩ contaiεá al∞á thσ ì
activσá member≤á oµ thσ olΣ library¼á s∩ ß sizσ oµá  ▒á  ma∙á  bσ  ì
specifieΣá  t∩á makσá thσ director∙ a≤ smal∞á a≤á possible«á (Seσ ì
Specifyinτ Director∙ Size≤ below.)

     Wheεá  reorganizatioεá  i≤  complete¼á  thσ olΣá librar∙á i≤ ì
deleteΣ  anΣ  thσ worδ librar∙ i≤ renameΣ t∩ thσ namσ oµ thσá olΣ   ì
library«áá   N∩áá  backu≡á  cop∙á  i≤á  retained«áá  Thσáá  newl∙ ì
reorganizeΣá  librar∙á  remain≤á  opeε  fo≥ usσá witΦá subsequen⌠ ì
operations.

     Wheneve≥á thσ prograφ i≤ promptinτ fo≥ aεá operand¼á anothe≥ ì
operato≥á  ma∙á bσá entereΣ insteaΣ t∩ changσ thσ statu≤á oµá thσ ì
prompt«á T∩ enΣ aε interactivσ session¼ ente≥ ß blanδ linσ a⌠ thσ ì
prompt.

                    SPECIFYING DIRECTORY SIZE

     Wheneve≥  aε  olΣ librar∙ i≤ opened¼á thσ director∙ sizσá i≤ ì
displayeΣ a≤ follows:

 Old library LIBRARY.LBR has 32 entries, 5 free.

     Thi≤á  mean≤á tha⌠á ╡ morσ member≤ ma∙ bσ addeΣá beforσá thσ ì
director∙á  become≤  full«á  Wheε  thσ  director∙á  i≤á full¼á -ß ì
become≤á  aεá  invaliΣ  operator¼á  anΣ  thσ  librar∙á  mus⌠á  bσ ì
reorganizeΣ t∩ adΣ an∙ morσ members.

     Wheεá  ß librar∙ i≤ createΣ fo≥ thσ firs⌠ time¼á thσ use≥ i≤ ì
prompteΣ likσ this:

 New library COMMAND.LBR. Allow how many entries?_

     An∙ numbe≥ froφ ▒ t∩ 6553╡ i≤ valid«á Thσ actua∞ maximuφá i≤  ì
determineΣá b∙ thσ amoun⌠ oµ freσ memor∙ availablσ oε thσá systeφ ì
iεá use«á Director∙á sizσá wil∞ bσ roundeΣ u≡ t∩ thσá nex⌠á wholσ  ì
secto≥  necessar∙  t∩  contaiε  thσ numbe≥ oµ entrie≤á requested«  ì
Thi≤á  numbe≥á  wil∞á  remaiε  iε  effec⌠ unti∞á thσá librar∙á i≤ ì
reorganized« Sincσ thσ director∙ itselµ count≤ a≤ aε  entry¼  onσ ì
entr∙á i≤á addeΣá t∩á whateve≥ i≤ entereΣ beforσá thσá  sizσá  i≤  ì
calculated«á  Thereforσá jus⌠ ente≥ thσ maximuφ numbe≥ oµá membe≥ ì
file≤ yo⌡ wan⌠ thσ librar∙ t∩ bσ capablσ oµ holding.

     Thσá  maximuφ numbe≥ oµ membe≥ file≤ i≤ als∩ constraineΣá b∙  ì
thσá  amoun⌠á  oµá  availablσá  disδá space«á Iµá durinτá aεá adΣ ì
operatioε  thσ disδ spacσ run≤ out¼á thσ namσ i≤ no⌠ addeΣ t∩ thσ  ì
directory«  Iµ ß multiplσ adΣ i≤ iε progress¼ duσ t∩ aε ambiguou≤  ì
operand¼á thσá remaininτá qualifyinτ file≤ arσá stil∞á addeΣá  iµ ì
possible« Iµ an∙ oµ theφ i≤ smal∞ enougΦ t∩ fi⌠ iε thσ  remaininτ  ì
disδá space¼á i⌠ wil∞ bσ added«á Iµ an∙ sector≤ werσ  writteε  b∙  ì
aεá  adΣá attempt¼á anΣ theε neve≥á utilized¼á the∙á  remaiεá  a≤  ì
unuseΣ  sectors¼ anΣ thσ librar∙ shoulΣ bσ reorganized.




4.6  LU Command Line Forms

     Al∞á oµ thσ informatioε needeΣ fo≥ ß maintenancσ ruε ma∙á bσ ì
specifieΣá oεá thσ commanΣ line«á Thσ operator≤ anΣ operand≤á arσ  ì
entered¼á separateΣá b∙ spaces¼á afte≥ thσ L╒á command¼á anΣá thσ ì
operation≤á wil∞ takσ placσ withou⌠ consolσ intervention¼á excep⌠  ì
iεá  thσ  casσ  wherσ  thσ  director∙  sizσ fo≥ ß ne≈ librar∙á i≤ ì
requested« Thσ synta° is:

 LU <opr> [<opd> [<opd> ...]] [<opr> [<opd> ...]...

 where square brackets indicate optional parameters, and:
     <opr> is any operator.
     <opd> is any operand.
     ...   indicates  that the preceding parameter may occur
several times.

     An∙á  name≤á  occurrinτ  prio≥  t∩ thσá firs⌠á operator¼á o≥ ì
followinτá  aεá  operato≥  whicΦ doe≤ no⌠á expec⌠á operands¼á arσ ì
ignored.



                     Advanced Features of LU

     Inpu⌠á  froφ  BD╙ ├ "pipesó o≥ ordinar∙ sequentia∞ file≤á i≤  ì
als∩á  possible«á Thσ filenamσ i≤ specifieΣ oε thσá commanΣá linσ  ì
precedeΣ  b∙ ß "<ó characte≥ anΣ n∩ interveninτ blank«  Example:

 LU <CONSOL.DUP
     read≤ thσ content≤ oµ thσ filσ CONSOL.DU╨ anΣ use≤ eacΦ linσ  ì
oµá  thσá  filσ  a≤  iµ  i⌠ haΣ beeε typeΣ a⌠ thσ norma∞á consolσ   ì
b∙  thσ  interactivσ  method«á  Iε  thi≤  case¼  n∩ operator≤  o≥  ì
operand≤áá  ma∙á  bσá present«áá Consolσá outpu⌠á ma∙á als∩áá  bσ  ì
redirecteΣ  b∙  specifyinτ  aε  outpu⌠ filσ oε thσ commanΣá  linσ  ì
afte≥á  thσ  characte≥  ">"«á  Thi≤  applie≤ t∩ paramete≥  driveε ì
a≤ wel∞ a≤ interactivσ (includinτ "piped"⌐ input« Examples:

 LU -O SPECIAL -A ZOT.COM >LOGFILE.OUT
     woulΣ  adΣ  thσ filσ zot.coφ t∩ thσ librar∙ special.lb≥á anΣ  ì
writσá  thσá consolσ outpu⌠ t∩ ß filσá calleΣá logfile.out«á  thσ  ì
locatioεá oµá thσá outpu⌠ namσ oε thσ linσ doe≤á no⌠á matte≥á anΣ  ì
excep⌠á  fo≥ turninτ oε redirecteΣ output¼á i⌠ i≤ ignoreΣ b∙á al∞ ì
operators.

 LU <BATCH.IN >B:RECORD.DOC
     woulΣá  takσ interactivσ command≤ froφ thσ filσ batch.iε anΣ  ì
writσ  consolσ  outpu⌠  t∩  ß filσ calleΣ record.doπ oε drivσ B.

     Normally¼  consolσ  filσ  outpu⌠  i≤ als∩ echoeΣ oε thσ rea∞  ì
console¼á  excep⌠  wheε inpu⌠ i≤ als∩ redirected¼ a≤ iε thσ  las⌠ ì
example« T∩ forcσ visiblσ consolσ outpu⌠ wheε botΦ aε  inpu⌠  anΣ  ì
outpu⌠á  filσá  arσ  used¼á  thσ  ">óá characte≥á precedinτá  thσ  ì
outpu⌠  filσ  namσ  ma∙  bσ changeΣ t∩ ß "+ó instead:è
LU +RECORD.DOC <BATCH.IN
     woulΣá  havσá  thσá  samσ  effec⌠ a≤ thσá previou≤á example¼ ì
excep⌠á  tha⌠á  messagσ  outpu⌠  woulΣ  als∩ bσá visiblσá oεá thσ ì
console.



4.7  CAUTIONS

    Thσá  importancσá  oµá  keepinτ  backu≡  copie≤ oµá al∞á disδ ì
files¼á  anΣ  especiall∙ libraries¼ canno⌠ bσ overemphasized«  B∙  ì
usinτ  librar∙ files¼ thσ use≥ i≤ exposeΣ t∩ thσ dreadeΣ all-the-ì
eggs-in-one-baske⌠  syndrome«á  Tha⌠ is¼ iµ somethinτ happen≤  t∩ ì
thσ librar∙ file¼á particularl∙ thσ directory¼ i⌠ ma∙  bσ  beyonΣ  ì
thσá  capabilitie≤  oµ eveε ß CP/═ wizarΣ t∩ restorσá thσá membe≥ ì
files« Thσ situatioε i≤ madσ particularl∙ stick∙ b∙ thσ fac⌠ tha⌠ ì
thσá thσ director∙ mus⌠ bσ updateΣ iε placσ a≤ member≤ arσá addeΣ ì
o≥ deleted.

     Precaution≤  havσ beeε takeε t∩ minimizσ thi≤ risk«á Fo≥ onσ  ì
thing¼á  thσá  director∙  i≤  reaΣ  int∩  memor∙ wheε thσ librar∙  ì
i≤  firs⌠  opened¼  anΣ  i≤ onl∙ writteε bacδ iµ i⌠ differ≤  froφ  ì
thσ  cop∙  oε  thσ  disδ  wheε thσ librar∙ i≤ closed«  Operation≤  ì
whicΦ  changσ  thσ director∙ are║á adds¼ deletes¼  anΣ  thσ  sor⌠  ì
operatioεá  whicΦ  i≤  donσ  beforσ reorganization«á   Iµá   onl∙   ì
extract≤á   (o≥á   LRUNZá  prograφá executions⌐á  arσá done¼áá thσ ì
director∙á i≤á neve≥ rewritten¼á anΣ thσ .LB╥ filσ ma∙á bσá writσ ì
protecteΣ iµ desired.

     Fo≥á  anothe≥á  thing¼á  thσ  entirσ  empt∙á  director∙á  i≤ ì
allocateΣá  anΣá  writteε  t∩ disδ wheε ß ne≈á librar∙á i≤á firs⌠ ì
created«á Thi≤á insure≤ tha⌠ therσ wil∞ alway≤ bσ enougΦ spacσ oε ì
disδá fo≥ thσ numbe≥ oµ director∙ entrie≤ requesteΣ a⌠á thσá timσ  ì
oµá  creation«á  Thσá disδ spacσ ma∙ ruε ou⌠ whilσá addinτá file≤ ì
later¼ bu⌠ therσ wil∞ alway≤ bσ enougΦ rooφ oε disδ t∩ updatσ thσ ì
director∙ oncσ i⌠ i≤ successfull∙ created.

     Thσá  fac⌠á tha⌠á onl∙ thσ memor∙ cop∙ oµ thσá director∙á i≤ ì
modifieΣ  unti∞ thσ filσ i≤ closeΣ ma∙ comσ iε ver∙ hand∙ iµá yo⌡  ì
mistakenl∙á  deletσá  ß filσ anΣ recognizσ i⌠á righ⌠á away«á  Fo≥  ì
example¼  supposσ  yo⌡  makσ  thσ mistakσ oµ typinτ *.¬ afte≥ thσ ì
-D╛ prompt.

     Briefly¼á  you≥  hear⌠ sinks¼á a≤ thσ "Deleting:ó messagσ i≤  ì
displayeΣá  anΣ  al∞  thσ membe≥ name≤ zi≡ int∩ oblivion«á  Don'⌠  ì
panic«á Onl∙ thσ memor∙ cop∙ oµ thσ director∙ ha≤ beeεá modified«  ì
Wheεá  thσá  -D╛ promp⌠ returns¼á d∩ no⌠á hi⌠á RETURN«á  Instead¼  ì
abor⌠á thσ prograφ witΦ Control-C«á Thi≤ wil∞ cance∞ thσá prograφ ì
withou⌠á updatinτá thσ directory¼á anΣ thσ origina∞ member≤á wil∞ ì
stil∞ bσ present.


     Herσ  i≤  anothe≥  caution«  Sincσ thσ entirσ director∙ (bu⌠ ì
no⌠á membe≥á sectors⌐á mus⌠ fi⌠ iε memor∙ fo≥á ßá librar∙á t∩á bσ ì
successfull∙ opened¼ i⌠ i≤ possiblσ tha⌠ ß hugσ director∙ createΣ  ì
oεá ß you≥ systeφ wil∞ bσ to∩ largσ t∩ fi⌠ iε memor∙ iµ  reaΣá oε ì
anothe≥á systeφá wil∞ les≤ memory«á Thi≤ shoulΣ no⌠ bσ ßá probleφ ì
witΦ ß librar∙ oµ unde≥ ß hundreΣ entries.

     T∩  givσ  yo⌡ aε ideß oµ ho≈ mucΦ elbowrooφ yo⌡ havσ t∩ worδ ì
with¼á L╒ display≤ thσ highes⌠ memor∙ locatioε useΣ eacΦ timσ  i⌠ ì
terminates«á Thi≤á wil∞ var∙ dependinτ oε thσá larges⌠á director∙  ì
useΣ  durinτ  operation«á  I⌠ doe≤ no⌠ includσ thσ stack¼á  whicΦ  ì
grow≤á  dowε  froφ higΦ memory¼á anΣ i≤ alloweΣ abou⌠  ß thousanΣ ì
byte≤ oµ spacσ fo≥ subroutinσ linkage≤ anΣ temporar∙ worδ areas.



4.8  LRUNZ Command

     Thσá  LRUN┌á  commanΣ wa≤ createΣ fo≥ thosσ oµ u≤á wh∩á havσ ì
lot≤á  oµá commanΣ file≤ wσ likσ t∩ kee≡ oε linσá al∞á thσá time«  ì
Wha⌠ usuall∙ happen≤ i≤ tha⌠ somσ nicσ littlσ .CO═ file≤ arσ ver∙  ì
smal∞á  programs¼á bu⌠ havinτ ß lo⌠ oµ theφ oε disδ eat≤ u≡  filσ  ì
spacσá  a⌠  aε  alarminτ ratσ duσ t∩ thσ fixeΣ CP/═ blocδá  size«  ì
Pu⌠á theφ al∞ int∩ ß librar∙ calleΣ COMMAND.LB╥ usinτá  LU«á  Yo⌡ ì
caε theε ruε an∙ .CO═ filσ directl∙ froφ thσ librar∙ b∙ saying:

 LRUNZ <followed by normal command line just like always>

     LRUN┌ i≤ deriveΣ froφ Gary'≤ LRUN«  Stil∞ basicall∙ thσ samσ ì
program¼á LRUN┌á add≤ ZCPR2-specifiπ features¼á iε particula≥ thσ ì
abilit∙ t∩ searcΦ fo≥ thσ LB╥ filσ alonτ thσ Externa∞á Path«á  Iε ì
thi≤á way¼á LRUN┌á caε bσ useΣ a≤ aε ExtendeΣ CommanΣá Processor¼ ì
and¼á wheε invoked¼á wil∞ searcΦ fo≥ COMMAND.LB╥ (o≥ such⌐á alonτ ì
thσá patΦ anΣ extrac⌠ thσ CO═ filσ froφ thσ firs⌠ COMMAND.LB╥á i⌠ ì
finds.

     LRUNZ can be invoked by command line of the following forms:

          LRUNZ // or LRUNZ             <-- Print Help
          LRUNZ -lbrfile cmdline        <-- Run command from lbr
          LRUNZ cmdline                 <-- Run command from
                                             default COMMAND.LBR


     The full syntax of LRUNZ is:

 LRUNZ [-<lbrfile>] <commember> [<parameters>]


Where:

     <lbrfile╛á  i≤á  thσ  librar∙  t∩ bσá searched«á Thσá squarσ ì
bracket≤á  arounΣá  -<lbrfile╛  indicatσ i⌠ i≤á optional«á Thσá - ì
characte≥ tell≤ LRUN┌ tha⌠ wha⌠ follow≤ i≤ ß librar∙ name«á I⌠ i≤ ì
no⌠ aε actua∞ par⌠ oµ thσ name« Don'⌠ leavσ ß spacσ afte≥ thσ  -« ì
Iµá thσá firs⌠ paramete≥ doesn'⌠ begiε witΦá - theεá thσá defaul⌠  ì
librar∙  COMMAND.LB╥  i≤  used«á  Iµ ß drivσ speπ i≤ given¼  sucΦ ì
a≤ B:¼á theε onl∙ tha⌠ drivσ i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ thσ library«  Iµ  n∩  ì
drivσ  speπ i≤ given¼ thσ curren⌠ drivσ i≤ searcheΣ first¼ anΣ iµ ì
n∩á librar∙ oµ tha⌠ namσ i≤ found¼á thσ A║á  drivσ  i≤á  searcheΣ  ì
beforσá givinτ up«á Iµ ß name¼á bu⌠ n∩ typσ i≤ entered¼á .LB╥á i≤ ì
assumed.

     <commember╛á  i≤á  thσ  namσ oµ thσ commanΣ t∩á bσá run«á N∩ ì
drivσ  speπ i≤ useΣ here«á Thσ typσ default≤ t∩ .CO═ anΣ neeΣ no⌠ ì
bσ entered.

     <parameters╛á  i≤á  ßá thσ norma∞ (possibl∙ empty⌐á lis⌠á oµ ì
parameter≤á  whicΦá  thσ  .CO═  filσ  expect≤  t∩á  finΣá oεá thσ ì
commanΣá  linσá  wheε  i⌠  i≤  run«á Thi≤ lis⌠ i≤ parseΣá t∩á thσ ì
requireΣá  filσá  contro∞á  block≤ anΣ commanΣ linσá areßá beforσ ì
executioεá  begins¼á  s∩á  thσ  prograφ  wil∞ no⌠ bσá awarσá tha⌠ ì
anythinτá  cutσá  i≤  goinτ  on«á (Thank≤ t∩ Roε Roεá Fowle≥á fo≥ ì
supplyinτ thσ codσ whicΦ make≤ thi≤ possible.)



                         LRUNZ EXAMPLES

 LRUNZ ED FOO.BAR
     thσá  filσá  ED.CO═ i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ iεá COMMAND.LB╥á oεá thσ ì
curren⌠  drive¼  o≥ thσ A║ drive« Iµ found¼ ED.CO═ i≤ loadeΣ froφ  ì
thσ  library¼  anΣ  FOO.BA╥  i≤  passeΣ  t∩  i⌠  a≤  ß parameter.

 LRUNZ -C:SPECIAL LU -O COMMAND -A A:*.COM
     thσá filσá LU.CO═á i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ iε SPECIAL.LB╥ oεá thσá ├ ì
drive«á  Iµá  found¼á  LU.CO═  i≤  loaded¼á  anΣ thσ string≤á -O¼ ì
COMMAND¼ -A¼ anΣ *.CO═ arσ passeΣ t∩ i⌠ a≤ parameters.

 LRUNZ - -ZIP
     thσá filσá -ZIP.CO═ i≤ searcheΣ fo≥ iεá COMMAND.LB╥á oεá thσ ì
curren⌠ drive¼á o≥ thσ A║ drive« Iµ found¼ -ZIP.CO═ i≤ loadeΣ anΣ  ì
executeΣá  witΦ  ß  blanδ paramete≥ list«á Sincσ -ZIP.CO═á begin≤  ì
witΦ ß -¼á thσ extrß - followeΣ b∙ ß spacσ wa≤ needeΣ t∩ ac⌠ a≤ ß ì
place-holde≥ fo≥ thσ librar∙ name« Comparσ with:


 LRUNZ -ZIP
     thσá  librar∙á  -ZIP.LB╥  i≤ lookeΣ for¼á bu⌠á nothinτá elsσ ì
happens¼ becausσ n∩ commanΣ wa≤ specified.

 LRUNZ
     witΦá  n∩á  parameter≤  a⌠  all¼á  cause≤ ß screeεá oµá hel≡ ì
informatioε t∩ bσ displayeΣ a≤ ß memor∙ refresher.



4.9  LDIRZ Command

     LDIR┌ print≤ ß sorteΣ director∙ oµ thσ defaul⌠ librar∙ file«  ì
Thσá printou⌠á give≤á thσ name≤ oµ thσ selecteΣ file≤á anΣá thei≥ ì
sizes«á  I⌠ i≤ sorteΣ alphabeticall∙ b∙ filσ namσ anΣ type«á  Tw∩ ì
option≤ arσ permitted¼á anΣ the∙ arσ thσ namσ oµ thσ librar∙ filσ ì
(caε bσ specifieΣ b∙ lbrfile¼á iε whicΦ casσ lbrfile.LB╥ wil∞á bσ ì
accessed¼á o≥á b∙á ß ful∞ filename.typ⌐ anΣ thσ filσá speπá (wilΣ ì
card≤ arσ OK)«  Form≤ oµ thσ LDIR┌ commanΣ are:

          LDIRZ //            <-- Print Help
          LDIRZ               <-- All Files
          LDIRZ -lbrfile fn.t <-- Selected Files from Library
          LDIRZ filename.typ  <-- Selected Files



4.10  LRUNZ as an Extended Command Processor Under ZCPR2

     Iµá thσá reade≥ caε recall¼á commanΣ processinτ unde≥á ZCPR▓ ì
follows these steps:

          1.  ZCPR2 receives a command

          2«á  ZCPR▓á parse≤ thσ command¼á determine≤ iµ i⌠ i≤á ß ì
ZCPR2-resident command and executes it if it is

          3«á  Iµá not¼á ZCPR▓ searche≤ alonτ thσá command-searcΦ ì
patΦá fo≥ ß CO═ filσ whicΦ ha≤ thσ samσ namσ a≤ thσá command╗á iµ ì
found, it is loaded and executed

          4«á  Iµ thi≤ fails¼á ZCPR▓ ma∙ eithe≥ searcΦ alonτá thσ ì
command-searcΦá patΦá o≥á g∩á directl∙ t∩ thσ roo⌠á oµá thσá patΦ ì
lookinτá fo≥á aε ExtendeΣ CommanΣá Processor╗á iµá found¼á i⌠á i≤ ì
loaded¼á passeΣá thσ commanΣ linσ a≤ thσ use≥ presenteΣá it¼á anΣ ì
executed; if not, an error message is given

     LRUN┌á i≤á aεá excellen⌠ candidatσ fo≥ aεá ExtendeΣá CommanΣ ì
Processor«á  Iµá thσ commanΣ t∩ bσ executeΣ i≤ TEST.COM¼á anΣá i⌠ ì
take≤á tex⌠á a≤ aε argument¼á theε thσ commanΣá linσá t∩á executσ ì
TEST.COM under ZCPR2 would be:

          TEST text
èIfá TEST.CO═á i≤ iε COMMAND.LB╥ (o≥ such)¼á thσ commanΣá linσá t∩ ì
execute the same file using LRUNZ would be:

          LRUNZ TEST text

Thi≤á latte≥ commanΣ i≤ simulateΣ b∙ ZCPR▓ wheε i⌠ fail≤ t∩á finΣ ì
thσá CO═á file«á  Thσá namσá oµ thσá ExtendeΣá CommanΣá Processo≥ ì
(recommended⌐á i≤ CMDRUN¼á and¼á b∙ renaminτ LRUN┌ t∩á CMDRU╬á o≥ ì
makinτá ßá cop∙ oµ LRUN┌ a≤ CMDRUN¼á LRUN┌ become≤á thσá ExtendeΣ ì
CommanΣ Processor.

     LDIR┌á fit≤ iε nicel∙ witΦ thi≤ scheme«á  COMMAND.LB╥ caε bσ ì
kep⌠á a⌠ thσ ROO╘ alonτ witΦ LRUN┌ anΣá LDIRZ¼á anΣá LRUNZ¼á wheε ì
executed¼áá wil∞áá g∩á t∩á thσá ROO╘á lookinτá fo≥á anΣáá findinτ ì
COMMAND.LBR¼á a⌠á whicΦ poin⌠ i⌠ extract≤ thσ requireΣ CO═á file«  ì
LDIRZ¼á wheεá executed¼á wil∞á searcΦá alonτá thσá patΦá fo≥á thσ ì
COMMAND.LB╥ file¼ and¼ hopefully¼ finΣ i⌠ a⌠ thσ ROO╘ anΣ extrac⌠ ì
the information (file names) requested by the user.

     BotΦá LRUN┌ anΣ LDIR┌ caε bσ installeΣ b∙ GENIN╙ anΣ bσá se⌠ ì
t∩á looδá fo≥ thσ samσ COMMAND.LB╥ filσ a≤ wel∞ a≤ bσ tolΣá wherσ ì
the path they are to follow is located.

.fo Section 5 - Menu                                   Page   #

5.0  Menu

5.1  Overview of MENU

     MEN╒á i≤ thσ ZCPR▓ Menu-OrienteΣ CommanΣá Preprocessor«á  I⌠ ì
act≤á a≤á ß front-enΣ t∩ ZCPR2¼á providinτ ßá menu-orienteΣá use≥ ì
interfacσá t∩á ZCPR2«á  It≤á functioε caε bσ representeΣá b∙á thσ ì
following diagram:
                    ------    ------    ------    ------
                    |M   |    |Z   |    |B   |    |P   |
     User           | E  |    | C  |    | D  |    | g  |
     Menu      ---->|  N |--->|  P |--->|  O |--->|  m |
     Command        |   U|    |   R|    |   S|    |   s|
                    |    |    |   2|    |    |    |    |
                    ------    ------    ------    ------

     Thσ "Use≥ Men⌡ Commandó i≤ ß singlσ characte≥ tha⌠ thσá use≥ ì
strike≤á whicΦ instruct≤ MEN╒ t∩ perforφ ß function«á  Oncσá MEN╒ ì
begin≤á processinτá thi≤ function¼á i⌠ build≤ ß commanΣ linσá fo≥ ì
ZCPR2¼á optionall∙á askinτ thσ use≥ fo≥ furthe≥ inpu⌠ (sucΦ a≤á ß ì
filσá name)¼á anΣ theε passe≤ thσ commanΣ linσ t∩ ZCPR▓á vißá thσ ì
Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffer«á  ZCPR▓ theε run≤ thσ commanΣ line¼ ì
and, when completed, returns to MENU.

     Hence¼á iεá ß nutshell¼á MEN╒ build≤ commanΣ line≤ baseΣá oε ì
simplσá inpu⌠ froφ thσ user«á  Thσ use≥ neeΣ neve≥ kno≈ wha⌠á thσ ì
actua∞ commanΣ linσ is«  Thσ commanΣ linσ itselµ i≤ alway≤ oµ thσ ì
form:

          <command> <optional user input>;MENU <menu options>

     A≤ aε example¼ ß commanΣ buil⌠ b∙ MEN╒ t∩ ruε XDI╥ witΦ use≥ ì
inpu⌠á fo≥á ßá filσá namσá specification¼á coulΣá looδá likσá thσ ì
following:

          XDIR <user input>;MENU


     Wheε MEN╒ i≤ executed¼ i⌠ look≤ fo≥ thσ filσ MENU.CP╥ iε thσ ì
curren⌠á directory«á  Iµá i⌠ find≤ one¼á i⌠ load≤ i⌠á anΣá begin≤ ì
processing.  If it does not find one, it simply exits.

     Thσá MENU.CP╥á filσá caεá contaiεá u≡ t∩á 25╡á menu≤á t∩á bσ ì
processeΣá b∙ MENU«á  Thσ defaul⌠ conditioε fo≥ MEN╒ i≤ t∩á begiε ì
processinτá a⌠á thσá firs⌠ men⌡á iεá MENU.CPR¼á bu⌠á option≤á arσ ì
availablσá t∩á selec⌠á anothe≥ menu«á  Iεá particular¼á thσá Men⌡ ì
Option≤ are:

          W    - Wait for User to Strike a Key before beginning
          nn   - Begin Processing at Menu nn


     The full MENU command line is structured as follows:

          MENU [W][nn]

Option≤á arσá encloseΣá iε [▌ bu⌠ mus⌠ bσá placeΣá iεá thσá orde≥ ì
specified, i.e., W, if present, must be first.

     Iµ thσ Wai⌠ Optioε i≤ used¼á i⌠ i≤ alway≤ first«  Thσ numbe≥ ì
follow≤ Wai⌠ immediately¼á anΣ therσ arσ n∩ space≤ betweeεá them║

          MEN╒ ╫              <-- Wai⌠ anΣ Star⌠ a⌠ Firs⌠ Menu
          MENU W4             <-- Wait and Start at 4th Menu
          MENU 4              <-- Start at 4th Menu

     Thσ use≥ anΣ men⌡ programme≥ neeΣ no⌠ bσ concerneΣ witΦ thi≤ ì
mos⌠ oµ thσ time«  Menu≤ shoulΣ bσ se⌠ u≡ t∩ star⌠ witΦ thσ firs⌠ ì
men⌡ b∙ default¼á s∩ tha⌠ onl∙ thσ commanΣ "MENUó i≤ necessar∙ t∩ ì
invokσá thσ desireΣ menu«á  Thσ option≤ describeΣ abovσ arσá useΣ ì
primaril∙á b∙ MEN╒ itselµ wheε i⌠ build≤ thσ commanΣ linσ s∩ tha⌠ ì
thσá use≥ wil∞ returε witΦ aε optiona∞ wai⌠ anΣ t∩ thσ men⌡á tha⌠ ì
hσá jus⌠á camσ from«á  Hence¼á iµ thσ use≥ wa≤ iε thσá 4tΦá menu¼ ì
selecteΣá thσ ╪ commanΣ (fo≥ XDIR)¼á anΣ thσ Men⌡ Programme≥á haΣ ì
se⌠ u≡ thσ XDI╥ commanΣ t∩ wai⌠ oε returε s∩ thσ use≥ coulΣá takσ ì
hi≤á timσá anΣá looδ a⌠ thσ director∙ display¼á theεá MEN╒á woulΣ ì
appenΣá thσ commanΣ "MEN╒ W4ó t∩ thσ enΣ oµ thσ commanΣá linσá i⌠ ì
builds.

     MEN╒á itselµá i≤ ß CO═ file¼á likσ an∙ othe≥á prograφá unde≥ ì
ZCPR2«  Unlikσ mos⌠ othe≥ programs¼ however¼ i⌠ generate≤ commanΣ ì
line≤á t∩ bσ executeΣ b∙ ZCPR▓ anΣ append≤ ß MEN╒ commanΣ t∩á thσ ì
enΣ oµ eacΦ oµ thσ commanΣ line≤ i⌠ generate≤ s∩ tha⌠ ZCPR▓á wil∞ ì
return to MENU when finished.  In this way a loop is set up:

                    -->--+->- MENU ->- ZCPR2 ->-+
                         ^                      v
                         |                      |
                         +-<- Command Line -<---+

     Onl∙á MEN╒á itselµ caε terminatσ thi≤á loop«á  Iµá thσá MEN╒ ì
programme≥á wishes¼á hσ caε se⌠ u≡ thσ MENU.CP╥ filσ s∩ tha⌠ thi≤ ì
loo≡á wil∞ neve≥ bσ exited¼á o≥ hσ caε se⌠ u≡ thσ filσá t∩á allo≈ ì
anyonσá t∩ exi⌠ a⌠ an∙ timσ o≥ jus⌠ ß specia∞ persoε wh∩ know≤á ß ì
passworΣá t∩á exi⌠á wheεá hσá wishe≤á to«á  Therσá i≤á ßá lo⌠á oµ ì
flexibilit∙á designeΣ int∩ thσ system¼á anΣ i⌠ wil∞ bσá discusseΣ ì
later in the section on programming MENU.CPR files.

     Iεá ßá nutshell¼á then¼á ßá MENU.CP╥ filσ caε bσ se⌠á u≡á t∩ ì
executσ an∙ ZCPR▓ commanΣ o≥ sequencσ oµ commands«á  Thσ MENU.CP╥ ì
filσ caε als∩ bσ se⌠ u≡ t∩ no⌠ allo≈ thσ use≥ t∩ leavσá MENU¼á t∩ ì
allo≈á hiφ t∩ leavσ MEN╒ a⌠ will¼á o≥ t∩ allo≈ hiφ t∩ leavσá MEN╒ ì
onl∙ iµ hσ know≤ ß password.


     Thi≤á HEL╨ filσ i≤ divideΣ int∩ tw∩ basiπ parts«á  Thσá inf∩ ì
section≤á oεá "Usinτá MENUó anΣ "Summar∙ oµá MEN╒á Commandsóá arσ ì
designeΣá t∩á bσá reaΣ b∙ ß persoε wantinτ t∩ usσá MEN╒á bu⌠á no⌠ ì
wantinτá t∩á learε ho≈ MEN╒ work≤ o≥ ho≈ t∩á prograφá it«á  Thesσ ì
section≤á describσ ho≈ t∩ movσ froφ onσ men⌡ t∩ another¼á ho≈á t∩ ì
issuσá MEN╒á commands¼á anΣ ho≈ t∩ leavσ MEN╒ iµá thσá optioεá i≤ ì
presenteΣ t∩ him.

     Thσáá othe≥áá section≤á oµá thi≤á HEL╨á filσá describσáá thσ ì
programminτá aspect≤á oµ MEN╒ anΣ arσ intendeΣ t∩ bσ useΣá a≤á aε ì
onlinσá referencσá fo≥ thσ MEN╒á programmer«á  Thσá MEN╒á commanΣ ì
programminτá summar∙á i≤ especiall∙ usefu∞ iε tha⌠ i⌠ provide≤á ß ì
summar∙á oµ thσ command≤ whicΦ thσ MEN╒ programme≥ ma∙á issuσá t∩ ì
MEN╒ withiε ß MENU.CPR.

                           Using MENU

     When you first invoke MENU, one of three things will happen:

          1⌐á ┴á MEN╒á wil∞ appea≥ anΣ bσ pageΣ u≡á t∩á fil∞á thσ
               screen╗ ß commanΣ promp⌠ wil∞ appea≥ a⌠ thσ bottoφ
               oµ thσ menu

          2⌐á ┴ MEN╒ wil∞ appea≥ anΣ no⌠ bσ pageΣ u≡ t∩ fil∞á thσ
               screen╗ ß commanΣ promp⌠ wil∞ appea≥ a⌠ thσ bottoφ
               oµ thσ menu

          3⌐á ┴ commanΣ promp⌠ wil∞ appea≥ witΦ n∩ men⌡ (thi≤á i≤
               called the Expert Mode)

     Iµá a⌠ an∙ timσ you≥ Men⌡ Displa∙ i≤ garbleΣ o≥ yo⌡ wan⌠á t∩ ì
seσ thσ curren⌠ Men⌡ (a≤ sometime≤ happen≤ wheε yo⌡ arσ iε Exper⌠ ì
Mode)¼ jus⌠ strikσ thσ RETUR╬ key«  Thσ RETUR╬ ke∙ refreshe≤ you≥ ì
menu at all times.

     Thσá promp⌠ whicΦ appear≤ a⌠ thσ bottoφ oµ you≥ Men⌡ displa∙ ì
has the following general form:

Command (<CR>=Menu,^C=ZCPR2,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu,>=Next Menu) -

     A≤ ╔ mentioneΣ iε thσ introduction¼á therσ caε bσ u≡ t∩á 25╡ ì
menu≤á iε onσ MENU.CP╥ file«á  Thσ MEN╒ commanΣ promp⌠ varie≤á t∩ ì
reflec⌠ this«  Fo≥ instance¼ iµ onl∙ onσ Men⌡ wa≤ presen⌠ anΣ yo⌡ ì
werσ no⌠ giveε thσ optioε t∩ abor⌠ ou⌠ oµ MEN╒ t∩ ZCPR2¼ theε thσ ì
Men⌡ CommanΣ promp⌠ woulΣ takσ it≤ simples⌠ form¼ lookinτ like:

Command (<CR>=Menu) -

     Yo⌡á caεá strikσ thσ RETUR╬ ke∙ a⌠ thi≤ timσ t∩ refresΦá thσ ì
Men⌡á Displa∙ o≥ yo⌡ caε strikσ thσ characte≥ oµ ßá Men⌡á Option«  ì
Thesσá arσ you≥ onl∙ choices¼á anΣ strikinτ ß characte≥ whicΦá i≤ ì
no⌠á thσá RETUR╬á ke∙á o≥ ß men⌡ optioε result≤á iεá thσá messagσ ì
"Invalid Command" being displayed.

     Iµá thσá MENU.CP╥ programme≥ gavσ yo⌡ thσ optioε t∩ exi⌠á t∩ ì
ZCPR▓ anΣ therσ i≤ onl∙ onσ Men⌡ iε thσ MENU.CP╥ file¼á theε you≥ ì
commanΣ linσ wil∞ looδ likσ this:

Command (<CR>=Menu,^C=ZCPR2) -

     Yo⌡á no≈ havσ thσ additiona∞ optioε oµ abortinτ t∩ ZCPR▓á b∙ ì
strikinτ Control-├ (holΣ dowε oε thσ Control¼á o≥ CTRL¼á ke∙á anΣ ì
strikσá thσá lette≥ C)«á  Thi≤ wil∞ returε yo⌡ t∩ ZCPR▓ anΣá exi⌠ ì
MENU¼á leavinτ yo⌡ witΦ thσ abilit∙ t∩ issuσ an∙ availablσá ZCPR▓ ì
command.

     Onσ brieµ notσ oε optioε letter≤ beforσ goinτ on«  Iµ onσ oµ ì
you≥ option≤ i≤ ß lette≥ iε thσ rangσ froφ ┴ t∩ Z¼á theε casσá i≤ ì
no⌠á significant¼á anΣá yo⌡á caε invokσ thσá optioεá A¼á say¼á b∙ ì
striking an upper- or lower-case A.

     Iµá therσ i≤ morσ thaε onσ men⌡ iε you≥ MENU.CP╥á file¼á thσ ì
commanΣá linσ option≤ becomσ slightl∙ morσ complex¼á bu⌠ the∙ arσ ì
stil∞ quitσ eas∙ t∩ follow.

     Iε thσ followinτ examples¼á ╔ aφ assuminτ tha⌠ thσ optioε t∩ ì
exi⌠ t∩ ZCPR▓ i≤ off¼ s∩ thσ "^C=ZCPR2ó optioε wil∞ NO╘ appear.

     Iµ yo⌡ arσ a⌠ thσ firs⌠ men⌡ iε thσ file¼á you≥ commanΣ linσ ì
wil∞ looδ likσ thσ following:

Command (<CR>=Menu,>=Next Menu) -

     T∩ advancσ t∩ thσ nex⌠ menu¼á yo⌡ caε strikσ thσ ">ó o≥á thσ ì
".ó character«á  Oε mos⌠ keyboards¼á ">ó i≤ thσ shif⌠ oµ thσ "."¼ ì
s∩á MEN╒ allow≤ yo⌡ t∩ movσ easil∙ withou⌠ havinτ t∩ worr∙á abou⌠ ì
shifting the keyboard all the time.

     Iµá yo⌡ arσ a⌠ thσ las⌠ men⌡ iε thσ file¼á you≥ commanΣ linσ ì
will look like the following:

Command (<CR>=Menu,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu) -

     Thi≤ allow≤ yo⌡ t∩ strikσ thσ "*ó characte≥ t∩ jum≡ bacδá t∩ ì
thσá firs⌠á men⌡ iε you≥ MENU.CP╥ file«á  Iµ "<ó o≥ ",ó i≤á stucδ ì
("<ó i≤ usuall∙ thσ shif⌠ oµ thσ ",")¼á theε yo⌡ wil∞ bacδ u≡ onσ ì
menu to the previous menu in the file.

     Iµá yo⌡á arσ somewherσ iε thσ middlσ oµ thσá MENU.CP╥á file¼ ì
you≥ commanΣ linσ will¼ a≤ onσ woulΣ expect¼ looδ likσ this:

Command (<CR>=Menu,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu,>=Next Menu) -

     Again¼á "*óá wil∞ g∩ directl∙ t∩ thσ firs⌠ menu¼á "<ó o≥ ",ó ì
wil∞ g∩ t∩ thσ previou≤ menu¼á anΣ ">ó o≥ ".ó wil∞ g∩ t∩ thσ nex⌠ ì
menu.  Striking the RETURN key will refresh the menu display.


     Onσá las⌠á optioε yo⌡ havσ unde≥ MEN╒ involve≤ acces≤á t∩á ß ì
Systeφ Menu«á  Thi≤ men⌡ i≤ specia∞ iε tha⌠ therσ i≤ onl∙ onσ wa∙ ì
to get to it -- via the "$" command.

     Thσ Systeφ Men⌡ i≤ intendeΣ t∩ givσ privelegeΣ user≤á acces≤ ì
t∩á specia∞ command≤ tha⌠ thσ res⌠ oµ thσ user≤ can'⌠ run«á  Iµ ß ì
Systeφá Men⌡ i≤ available¼á MEN╒ wil∞ responΣ t∩ thσ "$óá commanΣ ì
with the prompt:

          Pass?

     Yo⌡ arσ giveε onσ chancσ t∩ typσ iε thσ correc⌠ passworΣá t∩ ì
ente≥ thσ Systeφ Menu«á  Iµ yo⌡ arσ wrong¼ thσ messagσ "Pas≤ Erró ì
wil∞á appea≥ anΣ yo⌡ wil∞ bσ returneΣ t∩ thσ men⌡ yo⌡ camσá from«  ì
Iµ yo⌡ arσ correct¼á yo⌡ wil∞ ente≥ thσ Systeφ Menu«  Physically¼ ì
thσá Systeφá Men⌡ i≤ alway≤ thσ las⌠ men⌡ iε thσá file¼á anΣá it≤ ì
command prompt is:

Command (<CR>=Menu,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu) -

     Iµ yo⌡ arσ a⌠ thσ men⌡ jus⌠ beforσ thσ Systeφ Menu¼á thσ ">ó ì
wil∞á no⌠á functioεá t∩ allo≈ yo⌡ t∩ ente≥á it¼á eveεá th∩á therσ ì
technicall∙ i≤ ß "Nex⌠ Menu"«  Thσ ">ó optioε iε thσ commanΣ linσ ì
wil∞á no⌠ appear«á  A≤ ╔ stateΣ before¼á thσ onl∙ wa∙ t∩ ente≥á ß ì
System Menu is thru the "$" command.

     So¼ iε summary¼ movinτ abou⌠ withiε MEN╒ i≤ quitσ easy«  "*ó ì
move≤ yo⌡ t∩ thσ firs⌠ menu¼ "<ó t∩ thσ previou≤ menu¼ ">ó t∩ thσ ì
nex⌠ menu¼ anΣ "$ó t∩ thσ Systeφ Menu.



5.2  Summary of MENU Commands

     The full Menu Command Line looks like the following:

Command (<CR>=Menu,^C=ZCPR2,*=1st Menu,<=Prev Menu,>=Last Menu) -

     The Menu Commands are:

          Command   Function

          <CR>      Refresh Menu Display (RETURN Key)
          ^C        Exit to ZCPR2 (Control-C)
          *         Jump to the First Menu
          < or ,    Jump to the Previous Menu
          > or .    Jump to the Next Menu
          $         Jump to the System Menu (Password Required)
          other     Menu Option or Invalid Command; letters are
                         automatically capitalized, so a=A


5.3  Programming MENU.CPR Files

     Thσ MENU.CP╥ filσ i≤ simpl∙ ß tex⌠ filσ whicΦ ma∙ bσ createΣ ì
witΦá an∙ conventiona∞ CP/═á editor¼á includinτá WordStar«á  MEN╒ ì
ignore≤á thσ Mos⌠ Significan⌠ Bi⌠ oµ al∞ bytes¼á s∩ editor≤á likσ ì
WordStar¼ whicΦ occasionall∙ se⌠ thi≤ bit¼ caε bσ used.

     Al∞á MENU.CP╥á file≤ havσ thσ samσ genera∞á structure«á  Thσ ì
firs⌠á linσ i≤ eithe≥ ß globa∞ optioε linσ o≥ thσ beginninτ oµá ß ì
men⌡á display«á  Iµá ß globa∞ optioε line¼á i⌠á begin≤á witΦá thσ ì
characte≥á "-"¼á anΣá thi≤ characte≥ i≤ immediatel∙á followeΣá b∙ ì
globa∞á optioε characters«á  Thσ globa∞ optioε line¼á theεá look≤ ì
likσ this:

-options


     Afte≥ thσ globa∞ optioε line¼á iµ any¼ come≤ thσ firs⌠ menu«  ì
Each menu is structured as follows:

                         #options
                              <Text of Menu Display>
                         #
                         menu commands

     The following are two sample Menu File structures:

               -options                 #options
               #options                      <Text>
                    <Text>              #
               #                        commands
               commands                 ##
               #options
                    <Text>
               #
               commands
               ##


     Therσ arσ onl∙ fivσ optioε characters«á  Iε usinτ them¼ casσ ì
is not significant.  These option characters are:

          Option    Function
             C      Display Command Line to User
             D      Display Menu to User
             P      Page Out Menu Display
             X      Allow User to Exit to CP/M

     Thσá ├ optioε display≤ thσ commanΣ linσ buil⌠ b∙ MEN╒ t∩ thσ ì
user«á  Thi≤ optioε i≤ primaril∙ intendeΣ fo≥ debugginτ purposes¼ ì
t∩ allo≈ thσ programme≥ t∩ seσ wha⌠ command≤ arσ beinτ built«  I⌠ ì
i≤ instructivσ t∩ thσ user¼ however¼ anΣ ma∙ bσ employeΣ fo≥ tha⌠ ì
purpose as well.
è     Thσ ─ optioε display≤ thσ men⌡ t∩ thσ user«á  Iµ thσ displa∙ ì
functioεá i≤á no⌠á turneΣ on¼á wσ arσ iεá Exper⌠á Mode¼á anΣá thσ ì
command≤á arσá availablσ withou⌠á ßá men⌡á display«á  RETURN¼á oµ ì
course, can be used to invoke the display if necessary.

     Thσá ╨á optioε page≤ ou⌠ thσ men⌡ displa∙ iµ i⌠ i≤á invoked«  ì
Iµá thσ pagσ functioε i≤ engaged¼á theε thσ MEN╒ prograφá output≤ ì
<CRLF╛á combination≤á unti∞á 2┤ line≤ havσ beeεá printeΣá oεá thσ ì
screen«  Thi≤ i≤ somewha⌠ morσ attractivσ anΣ eliminate≤ olΣ tex⌠ ì
froφ previou≤ commands¼á allowinτ thσ use≥ t∩ concentratσ oεá hi≤ ì
curren⌠ se⌠ oµ options«á  However¼á i⌠ i≤ annoyinτ iµ thσ use≥ i≤ ì
accessinτ thσ system¼á say¼ a⌠ 30░ bauΣ viß ß dia∞ up«  I⌠ i≤ fo≥ ì
thi≤á reasoεá tha⌠ ╔ gavσ thσ MEN╒ programme≥ thσ optioε t∩á turε ì
this option off.

     Finally¼ thσ ╪ optioε enable≤ thσ facilit∙ whicΦ permit≤ thσ ì
user to type ^C and return to ZCPR2.

     Wheε MEN╒ firs⌠ come≤ up¼ al∞ option≤ arσ turneΣ off:

          C is OFF -- no command display to user
          D is OFF -- no menu display to user
          P is OFF -- no menu display paging
          X is OFF -- user cannot exit to CP/M

     Thσ globa∞ option≤ line¼á which¼á iµ present¼á i≤ thσá firs⌠ ì
linσá oµ thσ file¼á turn≤ oε thesσ option≤ fo≥ thσ coursσ oµá thσ ì
session in general.  That is, if a global options line like

          -DPx

i≤ useΣ (notσ casσ i≤ insignificant)¼á theε men⌡ display¼ paging¼ ì
anΣá exi⌠ t∩ ZCPR▓ wil∞ bσ availablσ fo≥ al∞ menus«á  Thσá globa∞ ì
options line affects all menus.

     Thσá globa∞á option≤á line¼á then¼á turn≤ oεá thσá indicateΣ ì
option≤ fo≥ al∞ menu≤ iε general«á  However¼ thσ samσ option≤ ma∙ ì
bσ presenteΣ oε thσ firs⌠ linσ oµ eacΦ men⌡ immediatel∙ afte≥ thσ ì
"#óá characte≥ t∩ temporaril∙ complemen⌠ thσ curren⌠á optioεá fo≥ ì
onl∙ tha⌠ menu.

     Iµ aε optioε i≤ NO╘ includeΣ iε thσ globa∞ option≤ line¼á i⌠ ì
i≤ turneΣ OF╞ fo≥ al∞ menu≤ iε general«  Thσ default≤ selecteΣ b∙ ì
usinτá thσ globa∞ option≤ linσ arσ overriddeε oε ß per-men⌡ basi≤ ì
b∙ thσ loca∞ men⌡ options.


     Example:

          -dpx
          #x
               This menu is displayed and paged, but no
               exit to ZCPR2 is permitted
          #
          commands
          #dx
               This menu is not displayed and the user may not
               exit to ZCPR2.
          #
          commands
          #c
               Thi≤ men⌡ i≤ displayed¼ paged¼ anΣ thσ use≥ ma∙
               exit to ZCPR2.  Additionally, the MENU-generated
               commands are printed to the user.
          #
          commands
          ##


     So¼á an∙á optioε tha⌠ ma∙ appea≥ oε thσ globa∞ option≤á linσ ì
ma∙ als∩ appea≥ oε thσ option≤ linσ fo≥ ß particula≥á menu«á  Thσ ì
reverse¼á however¼á i≤ no⌠ true«á  Thσ men⌡ option≤ linσ support≤ ì
onσá additiona∞á option¼á viz«á "$"«á  Thi≤ optioεá declare≤á thσ ì
following menu to be a System Menu.

     Iεá programminτ ß MENU.CP╥ file¼á yo⌡ MUS╘ placσ thσá Systeφ ì
Men⌡ a≤ thσ las⌠ men⌡ iε thσ file«  T∩ d∩ otherwisσ i≤ flaggeΣ a≤ ì
aε error«  Thσ followinτ illustrate≤ ß MENU.CP╥ filσ containinτ ß ì
Systeφ Menu:

          -dp
          #
               Thi≤ men⌡ i≤ displayeΣ anΣ paged¼ bu⌠ thσ use≥ ma∙
               not exit to ZCPR2.
          #
          commands
          #$x
               This is a System Menu, and it is displayed, paged,
               and the user may exit to ZCPR2.
          ##


     Iµá ßá men⌡á i≤á ßá Systeφá Menu¼á thσá "$óá characte≥á mus⌠ ì
immediatel∙ follo≈ thσ "#"«  Iε thσ casσ oµ thσ lette≥ option≤ iε ì
botΦá thσá globa∞á anΣ loca∞ cases¼á thσ orde≥ i≤á no⌠á importan⌠ ì
("dpxó mean≤ thσ samσ a≤ "xpd").

     GENIN╙ i≤ useΣ t∩ definσ thσ passworΣ useΣ t∩ ente≥ ß Systeφ ì
Menu«á  Thi≤ i≤ thσ PrivilegeΣ Use≥ PassworΣ iε thσ GENIN╙á Menu«  ì
Notσ tha⌠ thi≤ passworΣ caε bσ upper- anΣ lower-case¼ anΣ casσ i≤ ì
significant.è
     Thi≤á informatioε sectioε ha≤ describeΣ thσ structurσ oµ thσ ì
MENU.CP╥ filσ anΣ ho≈ t∩ se⌠ u≡ a≤ man∙ menu≤ a≤á desired«á  Wha⌠ ì
ha≤á no⌠á beeε discusseΣ i≤ thσ naturσ oµ thσ command≤á followinτ ì
the menu displays.  This is discussed in the next section.


5.4  MENU.CPR Commands

     Thσá command≤á iε thσ MENU.CP╥ filσá follo≈á arσá relativel∙ ì
simplσ structure«  EacΦ commanΣ occupie≤ onl∙ onσ line¼ anΣ blanδ ì
line≤á iε thσ commanΣ grou≡ arσ no⌠ permitted«á  Thσ commanΣ linσ ì
is structured as follows:

          l[o][command]["Prompt]

where:
          l is the single character used to invoke the command
               note that it may be upper- or lower-case
          o is an opening option, which is one of:
               :nn -- go to Menu nn
               !   -- have MENU wait when the command is finished
          command is an optional ZCPR2 command; note that if
               the option is ":nn", then a command here makes no
               sense
          "Prompt is a command to MENU to print a prompt and wait
               for user input to fill out the command line


     Thσá ":nnó optioε tell≤ MEN╒ t∩ movσ t∩ ß differen⌠ men⌡á iε ì
the MENU.CPR file.  The first menu is number 1.  Example:

          -dpx
          #
               1st Menu:  A - Goto Menu 2     3 - Goto Menu 3
          #
          a:2
          3:3
          #
                    2nd Menu Command: 3 - Goto Menu 3
          #
          3:3
          #x
                    3rd Menu Command: 2 - Goto Menu 2
          #
          2:2
          ##


     Iε thσ firs⌠ menu¼ thσ use≥ ma∙ strike:

          "aó o≥ "Aó t∩ got∩ Men⌡ 2
          "3ó t∩ got∩ Men⌡ 3
          ">óá o≥á ".ó t∩ got∩ thσ nex⌠ men⌡ (Men⌡ 2)
          ^├ t∩ got∩ ZCPR2

     In the second menu, the user may strike:

          "3" to goto Menu 3
          "*" or "<" or "," to goto Menu 1
          ">" or "." to goto Menu 3
          ^C to goto ZCPR2

     In the third menu, the user may strike:

          "2" or "<" or "," to goto Menu 2
          "*" to goto Menu 1


     Thσá "!óá optioεá place≤á ß "Wó iεá thσá MEN╒á commanΣá linσ ì
(remembe≥á froφ before?)«á  Thi≤ cause≤ MEN╒ t∩ pausσ anΣ asδ thσ ì
use≥ t∩ "Strikσ An∙ Keyó beforσ continuing«á  Iε thi≤ way¼á iµá ß ì
commanΣá generate≤ informatioε t∩ bσ reaΣ b∙ thσ use≥ beforσ MEN╒ ì
clear≤á hi≤ screen¼á thσ "!ó optioε ma∙ bσ useΣ t∩ givσ thσá use≥ ì
al∞ thσ timσ hσ want≤ t∩ reaΣ thi≤ display.

     Thσá "Promp⌠á suffi°á cause≤ MEN╒ t∩ accep⌠ ßá tai∞á t∩á thσ ì
commanΣ linσ i⌠ i≤ buildinτ s∩ tha⌠ thσ use≥ caε inpu⌠á argument≤ ì
for the command.  The Prompt is simply text to prompt the user.

     Examples:

          -dxp
          #
               A - Run XDIR without Pause or Input
               B - Run XDIR and Pause before Returning to MENU
               C - Run XDIR, Allow User Input, and Pause before
                    Returning to MENU
               Z - Run Any ZCPR2 Command and Pause before
                    Returning to MENU

          #
          z!"Enter Command Line --
          axdir
          b!xdir
          c!xdir "Enter Ambiguous File Name --
          ##

     Notσ thσ Spacσ righ⌠ beforσ thσ "Promp⌠ form«  Thi≤ spacσ i≤ ì
significan⌠á t∩á kee≡á thσ commanΣ anΣ use≥á inpu⌠á froφá runninτ ì
together«  Wσ wan⌠ thi≤ "ruε togetheró fo≥ thσ ┌ command.


     Yo⌡á caεá havσá a≤á man∙ command≤á a≤á thσá printablσá ASCI╔ ì
characte≥á se⌠ (withou⌠ lower-casσ letter≤ anΣ thσá MEN╒á commanΣ ì
characters⌐ wil∞ allow«á  You≥ text¼á however¼ fo≥ eacΦ men⌡ mus⌠ ì
bσ ablσ t∩ fi⌠ oε ß screeε witΦ thσ commanΣ promp⌠ a⌠ thσ bottom«  ì
Thi≤ typicall∙ mean≤ tha⌠ thσ tex⌠ canno⌠ exceeΣ 2▓ lines.

     MEN╒á fit≤ iε nicel∙ t∩ thσ ZCPR▓ Systeφ oµá programs«á  Thσ ì
informatioε sectioε oε "MENU'≤ Relationshi≡ t∩ thσ ZCPR▓á Systemó ì
explain≤ ho≈ MEN╒ anΣ thσ othe≥ ZCPR▓ program≤ worδ together.

     ╔á havσ no⌠ discusseΣ erro≥ message≤ yo⌡ caε encounte≥ unde≥ ì
MEN╒ iε thi≤ informatioε section«á  Tha⌠ come≤ late≥ iε thσ Erro≥ ì
Message section.



5.5  MENU Programming Command Summary

     EacΦ MEN╒ commanΣ occupie≤ onl∙ onσ line¼ anΣ blanδ line≤ iε ì
thσá commanΣá grou≡á arσ no⌠á permitted«á  Thσá commanΣá linσá i≤ ì
structureΣ a≤ follows:

          l[o][command]["Prompt]

where:
          l is the single character used to invoke the command
               note that it may be upper- or lower-case
          o is an opening option, which is one of:
               :nn -- go to Menu nn
               !   -- have MENU wait when the command is finished
          command is an optional ZCPR2 command; note that if
               the option is ":nn", then a command here makes no
               sense
          "Prompt is a command to MENU to print a prompt and wait
               for user input to fill out the command line

     The MENU commands are:

          Command   Function

          :nn       Goto Menu nn, where the first menu is Menu 1
          !         Wait after command line is executed before
                         processing the menu
          "Prompt   Prompt the user for input and accept it

     Thσá followinτ ASCI╔ character≤ ma∙ NO╘ bσ useΣ a≤á command≤ ì
since they are used elsewhere:

          <SPACE>   #    %    ,    .    <    >    *    <DEL>

          <Any Char Less than Space>


5.6  MENU's Relationship to the ZCPR2 System

     MENU¼á likσ mos⌠ oµ thσ ZCPR▓ utilities¼á interact≤ witΦ thσ ì
systeφá a≤á ßá wholσ anΣ canno⌠ bσ useΣ witΦ system≤á othe≥á thaε ì
ZCPR2«á  Iε particular¼á MEN╒ require≤ thσ ZCPR▓ Multiplσ CommanΣ ì
Linσ Buffe≥ facilit∙ t∩ bσ availablσ t∩ i⌠ anΣ canno⌠ ruε withou⌠ ì
it«á  I⌠á chain≤á t∩á othe≥á command≤ anΣá t∩á itselµá thr⌡á thi≤ ì
facility.

     MEN╒ i≤ installeΣ b∙ GENINS«  GENIN╙ i≤ useΣ t∩ instal∞ MEN╒ ì
anΣ se⌠ thσ parameter≤ fo≥ wherσ thσ Multiplσ CommanΣ Linσ Buffe≥ ì
i≤ locateΣ anΣ wha⌠ thσ passworΣ fo≥ enterinτ ß Systeφ Men⌡ is.

     Also¼á C─ (Changσ Directory⌐ anΣ STARTU╨ (or¼ S╘ fo≥ CD⌐ caε ì
comσ int∩ pla∙ witΦ MENU«  Wheε C─ log≤ int∩ t∩ ne≈ directory¼ i⌠ ì
look≤ fo≥ thσ filσ ST.CO═ anΣ execute≤ i⌠ iµ therσ i≤ one«  S╘ i≤ ì
simpl∙á STARTU╨á renamed¼á anΣá STARTU╨ wil∞á loaΣá thσá Multiplσ ì
Command Line Buffer with a command line and then terminate.

     Froφá thσ poin⌠ oµ vie≈ oµ MENU¼á thσ commanΣ loadeΣá b∙á S╘ ì
coulΣ bσ MENU«  Thσ effec⌠ oµ thi≤ i≤ t∩ automaticall∙ ente≥ MEN╒ ì
when the user employs CD to enter a given directory.

     Hence¼á b∙á usinτá CD¼á ßá use≥ caε ente≥á ßá director∙á anΣ ì
suddenl∙á finΣ himselµ iε ß men⌡ insteaΣ oµ a⌠ thσ ZCPR▓á commanΣ ì
level«á  Thi≤á i≤ gooΣ fo≥ application≤ wherσ ß director∙ i≤á se⌠ ì
asidσá fo≥ ß specifiπ purposσ anΣ onl∙ certaiε operation≤ arσá t∩ ì
bσá performeΣá iεá it¼á sucΦá a≤á cataloginτá disk≤á o≥á handlinτ ì
accounts«á  Also¼á witΦ CD'≤ passworΣ facility¼ iµ thi≤ director∙ ì
i≤ ß Systeφ Directory¼á thσ use≥ woulΣ havσ t∩ givσ ß passworΣ t∩ ì
enter it.

     No≈á tha⌠ MEN╒ i≤ runninτ fo≥ thσ directory¼á ß MEN╒ commanΣ ì
coulΣ bσ anothe≥ C─ t∩ anothe≥ directory«á  O≥ i⌠ coulΣ simpl∙ bσ ì
a DU: form.  Example:

          #dp
               A - Enter ZCPR Directory
               B - Enter A0:
          #
          acd zcpr
          ba0:
          #

     Here¼á iµá ┴ i≤ issued¼á theε C─ wil∞ movσá int∩á ZCPR║á anΣ ì
executσ ST.CO═ iµ therσ i≤ onσ there«á  Iµ ┬ i≤ issued¼á thσ use≥ ì
i≤á loggeΣá int∩á A0:«á  MEN╒ i≤ thσ nex⌠ commanΣ iεá botΦá case≤ ì
(commanΣá line≤á arσá "C─ ZCPR;MENUóá anΣá "A0:;MENU")¼á s∩á MEN╒ ì
automaticall∙ reinvoke≤ anΣ look≤ fo≥ MENU.CPR«á  Iµ i⌠ find≤ it¼ ì
wσ arσ iε anothe≥ MEN╒ system¼ and¼ iµ i⌠ doesn't¼ wσ arσ bacδ t∩ ì
ZCPR2 command level.


     Unde≥ thσ ┴ option¼á iµ C─ find≤ ST.COM¼á S╘ wil∞á overwritσ ì
thσ res⌠ oµ thσ commanΣ line¼ thereb∙ throwinτ awa∙ thσ nex⌠ MEN╒ ì
command and giving us something totally different to work with.

     Unde≥ thσ ┬ option¼ wσ wil∞ ruε MEN╒ nex⌠ anΣ simpl∙ exi⌠ iµ ì
a MENU.CPR file is not found.



5.7  MENU Error Messages

     Iεá orde≥ t∩ makσ MEN╒ a≤ smal∞ a≤ possiblσ (i⌠ i≤ unde≥á 2╦ ì
byte≤á iε size)¼á ╔ havσ reduceΣ thσ erro≥ message≤ t∩ ß minimum«  ì
Instead¼á MEN╒á provide≤ ß minimuφ indicatioε tha⌠á somethinτá i≤ ì
wrong and aborts.

     Thσ prograφ MCHEC╦ i≤ designeΣ t∩ tel∞ yo⌡ morσ specificall∙ ì
wha⌠ i≤ wrong«  MCHEC╦ i≤ ß MENU.CP╥ Synta° Checker¼ anΣ i⌠ look≤ ì
fo≥á al∞á sort≤ oµ erro≥ condition≤ tha⌠ caε occu≥ iε ßá MENU.CP╥ ì
file.  MCHECK is discussed in the next information section.

     MEN╒ provide≤ thσ followinτ minima∞ erro≥ messages:

          Message             Meaning

          Full                Memory is Full
          Invalid Option      User Command is in Error
          Pass Err            Invalid Password Given
          Str Err             MENU.CPR File Structure Error



5.8  MCHECK -- MENU.CPR Syntax Checker

     MCHEC╦á shoulΣ catcΦ an∙ error≤ madσ iε ß MENU.CP╥ filσ b∙ ß ì
programmer«á  I⌠á i≤ no⌠ guaranteed¼á bu⌠ ha≤ beeεá testeΣá quitσ ì
thoroughly.

     MCHECK accepts command lines of the following forms:

          MCHECK or MCHECK //      <-- Print Internal Help
          MCHECK dir:filename      <-- Check "filename.CPR"
          MCHECK dir:filename.typ  <-- Check "filename.typ"

     Thσá DIR║á prefi°á ma∙ bσ useΣ witΦ thσ filσ names«á  I⌠á i≤ ì
optional«  A≤ ß DIR║ prefix¼ thi≤ accept≤ thσ DU║ forφ o≥ ß nameΣ ì
directory.



     MCHECK gives you the "standard" opening error messages:

          Error in Disk or User Number -- Aborting
               DIR: form was not acceptable

          Error in Opening File -- Aborting
               Problem with file

          TPA Overflow -- MENU.CPR File is Too Big -- Aborting
               It could be too big for MENU also (Full error of
                    MENU)

     I⌠ theε start≤ processinτ thσ MENU.CP╥ filσ iµ nonσ oµ thesσ ì
error≤á occur«á  MCHEC╦ print≤ thσ linσ numbe≥ anΣ erro≥á messagσ ì
fo≥á eacΦ erro≥ encountered«á  I⌠ als∩ print≤ comment≤ a≤á i⌠á i≤ ì
running along.

     Non-error comments printed by MCHECK include:

          ** Global Options Detected **
               There are global options in the file

          ** Menu Number nnn
               It is beginning the indicated menu

          ** End of Menu Check **
          No Errors Detected -or- nnnnn Errors Detected
               Done and Error Count


     Fatal Errors which cause MCHECK to stop processing are:

          Error -- New Menu Expected, But # NOT Found -- Aborting
               Like it says; it gives a line number to help you
                    find the problem

          Error -- Premature EOF Encountered -- Aborting
               The file did not end with ##


     Non-Fatal Errors for MCHECK (fatal for MENU, tho) are:

          Error -- Invalid Option:
               Invalid option in global or local option line

          Error -- Menu Number Out of Range
               A ":nn" option referenced a number out of range


     Thσá followinτ i≤ ß samplσ ruε oµ MCHEC╦ oε ß gooΣá MENU.CP╥ ì
file:


B7>mcheck zcpr:menu.cpr
MCHECK  Version 1.1

 Line Comment/Error Message
 ---- ---------------------
    1 ** Global Options Detected **
    2 ** Menu Number   0
   17 ** Menu Number   1
   28 ** Menu Number   2
   39 ** Menu Number   3
   48 ** Menu Number   4
   57 ** End of Menu Check **
        No Errors Detected

.fo Section 6 - File Compare Utilities                 Page   #

6.0  File Compare Utilities

6.1  File Comparison Utilities Under ZCPR2

     Tw∩á utilitie≤á arσá provideΣ witΦ ZCPR▓ t∩á comparσá files«  ì
Both utilities are simple in form to use.  These utilities are:

     COMPARE -- Compares two files by reading one, computing its
                    CRC value, saving its CRC and size, and then
                    reading the other and seeing if they match

     DIFF -- Prints out a difference listing between two files;
                    different bytes encountered at the same
                    relative displacements from the beginning of
                    thσ file≤ arσ printeΣ iε hexadecimal¼
                    decimal, and ASCII forms


     These commands are invoked by the following forms:

          COMPARE or COMPARE //                   <-- Print Help
          COMPARE dir:file1.typ,dir:file2.typ M   <-- Compare

          DIFF or DIFF //                         <-- Print Help
          DIFF dir:file1.typ,dir:file2.typ M      <-- Compare

     Thσá filσ spec≤ mus⌠ bσ unambiguou≤ o≥ aε erro≥ wil∞ result«  ì
Thσ DIR║á prefi° i≤ optional¼á anΣ ma∙ bσ ß nameΣ director∙ o≥á ß ì
DU: form.

     Thσ "Mó i≤ optional¼ and¼ iµ present¼ select≤ ß Multiplσ Ruε ì
Modσá iε whicΦ thσ use≥ i≤ alloweΣ t∩ changσ disk≤ a≤ hσ desires¼ ì
ß COMPAR┼ o≥ DIF╞ i≤ done¼á anΣ theε thσ proces≤ continue≤á unti∞ ì
the user aborts it.



6.2  CRC Check Utility Under ZCPR2

     Thσá CR├á Checδ Utilit∙ distributeΣ witΦ ZCPR▓ compute≤á CR├ ì
value≤á fo≥á ß lis⌠ oµ files«á  I⌠ use≤ thσ samσá CR├á polynomia∞ ì
employeΣ b∙ KeitΦ Peterseε iε hi≤ CRC╦ program¼á and¼á naturally¼ ì
the values come out the same.

     Thσá CR├ Checδ Utilit∙ compute≤ thσ CR├ value≤ oµ ß selecteΣ ì
se⌠á oµ file≤ anΣ print≤ ou⌠ thσ filσá names¼á thei≥á sizes¼á anΣ ì
thei≥ CR├ value≤ iε hexadecimal«  ┴ lis⌠ oµ ambiguou≤ file≤ name≤ ì
ma∙á bσá provideΣá t∩ CRC¼á anΣ i⌠ als∩ respond≤ t∩ ßá serie≤á oµ ì
options.

     The general form of the CRC command is:

          CRC dir:afn1,dir:afn2,... ooo...
è     Iεá al∞á ambiguou≤á filσá references¼á thσá DIR║á prefi°á i≤ ì
optional«á  Thi≤ prefi° ma∙ bσ ß nameΣ director∙ o≥ ßá DU║á form«  ì
The options available under CRC are:


          C - Comment Output; the user is given an opportunity
                    to enter comments for each file

          D - Disk Output; send output to the disk file CRC.CRC
                    as well as to the console

          I - Inspect and approve file before CRC is computed

          P - Printer Output; send output to the printer as
                    well as to the console

     Thesσ option≤ ma∙ bσ combineΣ iε an∙ manne≥ desired«á  ┴ CR├ ì
command of the form "CRC" or "CRC //" prints a help message.



6.3  Examples

B7>compare help:lu.hlp,zcpr:lu.hlp
COMPARE  Version 1.4
Source File 1 -- A 16: LU      .HLP
Source File 2 -- A 11: LU      .HLP
** Files are Identical **

B7>compare help.txt,s100.txt
COMPARE  Version 1.4
Source Fie 1 -- B  7: HELP    .TXT
Source File 2 -- B  7: S100    .TXT
** Files are Different **

B7>compare help:lu.hlp,c0:
COMPARE  Version 1.4
Source File 1 -- A 16: LU      .HLP
Source File 2 -- C  0: LU      .HLP
LU      .HLP  File Not Found

B7>compare help:du2.hlp,c0:
COMPARE  Version 1.4
Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2     .HLP
Source File 2 -- C  0: DU2     .HLP
** Files are Identical **

B7>compare help:du2.hlp,c0: m
COMPARE  Version 1.4
Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2     .HLP
Source File 2 -- C  0: DU2     .HLP
  Change Disks if Desired and Type ^C or A to Abort or <RETURN>
               to Continue -


Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2     .HLP
Source File 2 -- C  0: DU2     .HLP
** Files are Identical **
COMPARE  Version 1.4
Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2     .HLP
Source File 2 -- C  0: DU2     .HLP
  Change Disks if Desired and Type ^C or A to Abort or <RETURN>
          to Continue -

B7>diff help:du2.hlp,c0:
DIFF  Version 1.6
Source File 1 -- A 16: DU2     .HLP
Source File 2 -- C  0: DU2     .HLP
NO Differences Noted in Files

B7>save 1 test.bin
B7>zsid test.bin
ZSID VERS 1.4
NEXT  PC  END
0200 0100 A2FF
#s100
0100 C3 0
0101 70 1
0102 01 2
0103 FF .
#s1f0
01F0 09 0
01F1 3C 0
01F2 3D 0
01F3 32 .
#^C
B7>save 1 test2.bin

B7>compare test.bin,test2.bin
COMPARE  Version 1.4
Source File 1 -- B  7: TEST    .BIN
Source File 2 -- B  7: TEST2   .BIN
** Files are Different **

B7>diff test.bin,test2.bin
DIFF  Version 1.6
Source File 1 -- B  7: TEST    .BIN
Source File 2 -- B  7: TEST2   .BIN
 Rel Offset   B  7: TEST    .BIN     B  7: TEST2   .BIN
 Hex    Dec       Hex  Dec Asc           Hex  Dec Asc
0000      0        C3  195  C             00    0  .
0001      1        70  112  p             01    1  .
0002      2        01    1  .             02    2  .
00F0    240        09    9  .             00    0  .
00F1    241        3C   60  <             00    0  .
00F2    242        3D   61  =             00    0  .


B7>crc *.* di
CRC  Version 2.0

** File Inspection **
COMPARE .HLP -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y
CRC     .CRC -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? N
HELP    .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y
S100    .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? S
** Inspection Complete **

    1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size:     4K -- CRC: 9F 8E
    2 File: HELP    .TXT -- Size:     4K -- CRC: 77 6E

B7>type crc.crc

    1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size:     4K -- CRC: 9F 8E
    2 File: HELP    .TXT -- Size:     4K -- CRC: 77 6E

B7>crc *.* icd
CRC  Version 2.0

** File Inspection **
COMPARE .HLP -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y
CRC     .CRC -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? N
HELP    .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? Y
S100    .TXT -- Select (Y/N/S=Skip Rest/Q=Quit/other=Y)? S
** Inspection Complete **

    1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size:     4K
        Comment? Help File for COMPARE and DIFF and CRC
 -- CRC: 9F 8E
        Comment: Help File for COMPARE and DIFF and CRC
    2 File: HELP    .TXT -- Size:     4K
        Comment? Note on Help Files
 -- CRC: 77 6E
        Comment: Note on Help Files

B7>type crc.crc

    1 File: COMPARE .HLP -- Size:     4K -- CRC: 9F 8E
        Comment: Help File for COMPARE and DIFF and CRC
    2 File: HELP    .TXT -- Size:     4K -- CRC: 77 6E
        Comment: Note on Help Files

.fo Section 7 - File Copy Utility                      Page   #

7.0  File Copy Utility

7.1  MCOPY Overview

     MCOP┘á i≤ ß filσ cop∙ prograφ designeΣ fo≥ usσ unde≥á ZCPR2«  ì
I⌠á support≤á man∙á feature≤ relateΣ specificall∙á t∩á thσá ZCPR▓ ì
System and is very intimately tied into the ZCPR2 System.

     Thσá basiπá purposσá oµá MCOP┘ i≤ t∩á cop∙á file≤á froφá onσ ì
director∙ (disk/use≥ area⌐ t∩ anothe≥ unde≥ ZCPR2«á  I⌠á support≤ ì
thσáá nameΣá director∙á form≤á oµá ZCPR2¼áá anΣá thσá sourcσá anΣ ì
destinatioεá directorie≤á caεá bσ specifieΣá iεá term≤á o≥á nameΣ ì
directories or DU: forms or both.

     MCOP┘á i≤ als∩ intendeΣ t∩ bσ useΣ fo≥ backu≡ purposes«á  I⌠ ì
ha≤á thσá abilit∙á t∩ repeatedl∙ cop∙ ß se⌠á oµá file≤á froφá onσ ì
director∙á t∩ another¼á pausinτ betweeε successivσ cop∙ passe≤ t∩ ì
allo≈á thσ use≥ t∩ changσ disks«á  ┴ ke∙ t∩ thσ usσ oµá MCOP┘á iε ì
genera∞á i≤ tha⌠ oncσ MCOP┘ ha≤ beguε operations¼á thσ use≥á neeΣ ì
neve≥ concerε himselµ witΦ Warφ Bootinτ thσ systeφ afte≥ changinτ ì
disks; MCOPY is doing that for him.

     Iεá copyinτá ßá filσ froφ onσ director∙á t∩á another¼á MCOP┘ ì
performs the following steps:

          1«  I⌠ log≤ int∩ thσ sourcσ director∙ anΣ scan≤ fo≥ thσ ì
files specified by the user

          2«á  I⌠ log≤ int∩ thσ destinatioε directory¼ determine≤ ì
iµ ß cop∙ oµ thσ filσ exist≤ oε thσ destinatioε anΣ delete≤ i⌠ iµ ì
it does

          3«á  MCOP┘ copie≤ thσ filσ iε thσ sourcσ director∙ int∩ ì
the destination directory

          4«á  MCOP┘á set≤á thσá attribute≤ oµ thσá filσá iεá thσ ì
destinatioεá director∙á t∩á bσ thσ samσ a≤ thosσá iεá thσá sourcσ ì
directory

          5«á  MCOP┘ optionall∙ verifie≤ botΦ file≤ b∙ mean≤ oµ ß ì
CRC Check

     MCOPY is invoked by one of the following forms:

          MCOPY //                 <-- Print Help
          MCOP┘                    <-- Ente≥ Interactivσ Mode
          MCOPY files options      <-- Immediately Copy


     Thσ "MCOP┘ file≤ optionsó forφ i≤ extremel∙ flexiblσ iεá it≤ ì
capabilities«áá  Wheεáá firs⌠á invoked¼áá MCOP┘á ha≤á ßáá defaul⌠ ì
destinatioε director∙ defineΣ (b∙ GENINS)«á  Thσ "filesó fielΣ i≤ ì
ßá serie≤á oµá filσá assignmen⌠á specifications¼áá wherσá sucΦá ß ì
specification is of the form:

          dir:=dir:filename.typ or dir:filename.typ

Iµá thσá firs⌠ forφ i≤ encountered¼á thσ defaul⌠á destinatioεá i≤ ì
temporaril∙á redefineΣ t∩ bσ thσ director∙ indicateΣ oε thσá lef⌠ ì
oµá thσ "=ó character¼á anΣ al∞ file≤ referenceΣ thereafte≥ unti∞ ì
the next "dir:=dir:filename.typ" form are copied to this default.

     To illustrate my point, note the following example:

          MCOPY FILE1.*,HELP:FILE2.HLP,TEMP:=TEST.TXT,HI.*

Let'≤ assumσ tha⌠ thσ defaul⌠ defineΣ b∙ GENIN╙ i≤ thσá director∙ ì
nameΣá BACKUP«á  Iεá thi≤á case¼á file≤ matchinτ FILE1.¬á iεá thσ ì
curren⌠á director∙ arσ copieΣ t∩ BACKUP¼á thσ filσá FILE2.HL╨á iε ì
director∙á HEL╨á i≤ copieΣ t∩ BACKUP¼á thσ filσ TEST.TX╘á iεá thσ ì
curren⌠ director∙ i≤ copieΣ t∩ TEMP¼á anΣ thσ file≤ matchinτ HI.¬ ì
in the current directory are copied to TEMP.

     Oncσá ßá DIR:╜ i≤ encountered¼á thσ defaul⌠á destinatioεá i≤ ì
redefined«á  Encounterinτ ß differencσ source¼á however¼ doe≤ no⌠ ì
change what the default source directory is.



7.2  MCOPY Command Line Options

     Thσá option≤ portioε oµ thσ "MCOP┘ file≤ optionsó commanΣ i≤ ì
a set of none or more of the following characters:

          E -- Test for Existence of File on Destination and
               User Approves Copy before Copy is Done

          I -- User Approves Each File before Copy Begins

          M -- Multiple Copy (Repeat) Facility

          Q -- Quiet Operation (No Activity Displays)

          V -- Verify Facility

     GENIN╙ i≤ useΣ t∩ se⌠ thσ defaul⌠ setting≤ fo≥ eacΦ oµ thesσ ì
option≤ (turninτ theφ oε o≥ off)¼ anΣ thσ optioε character≤ servσ ì
to toggle the settings from the defaults.


     Thσá ┼á optioεá (Existencσ Test⌐ look≤á oεá thσá destinatioε ì
director∙á t∩á seσá iµ thσ filσ i⌠ i≤ abou⌠ t∩á cop∙á i≤á alread∙ ì
there«  I⌠ theε tell≤ thσ use≥ oµ it≤ finding≤ anΣ ask≤ hiφ iµ hσ ì
want≤ t∩ g∩ aheaΣ witΦ thσ copy«á  Thσ use≥ ma∙ elec⌠ t∩ cop∙á o≥ ì
no⌠ cop∙ a≤ hσ desires.

     Thσá ╔á optioε (Inspect⌐ display≤ al∞ file≤ whicΦ matcΦá thσ ì
indicateΣ sourcσ file≤ t∩ thσ user¼á allowinτ hiφ t∩ selec⌠ whicΦ ì
file≤á hσá want≤ t∩ copy«á  I⌠ theε copie≤á thσá selecteΣá files«  ì
MCOP┘á perform≤á thi≤á operatioεá fo≥ eacΦ se⌠ oµá file≤á iεá thσ ì
command line (separated by commas).

     Thσá ═á optioε (Multiplσ Copy⌐ pause≤á beforσá startinτá thσ ì
copy¼á allowinτá thσ use≥ t∩ abor⌠ thσ procedurσ o≥ inser⌠ ß disδ ì
int∩ thσ source¼á thσ destination¼á o≥ botΦ anΣ instruc⌠ MCOP┘ t∩ ì
proceed«á  Afte≥ copyinτ al∞ oµ thσ indicateΣ files¼á MCOP┘á theε ì
pause≤á again¼á allowinτá thσ use≥ t∩ agaiε changσá disks«á  Thi≤ ì
continues until the user aborts the procedure.

     Thσá ╤ optioε (Quiet⌐ turn≤ ofµ thσ MCOP┘ activit∙á display«  ì
Iε norma∞ operation¼ MCOP┘ i≤ constantl∙ tellinτ thσ use≥ wha⌠ i⌠ ì
i≤á doing«á  ╔á fee∞á tha⌠ thi≤ i≤á bette≥á thaεá quietl∙á havinτ ì
problems without the user knowing what is going on.

     Thσá ╓á optioε (Verify⌐ i≤ useΣ t∩ checδ thσ copieΣ filσá t∩ ì
insurσ tha⌠ thσ cop∙ i≤ good«á  WitΦ thi≤ optioεá engaged¼á MCOP┘ ì
compute≤á ßá CR├ valuσ oµ thσ sourcσ filσ a≤ i⌠ read≤á it«á  Wheε ì
MCOP┘ ha≤ completeΣ thσ copy¼ i⌠ read≤ thσ destinatioε filσ back¼ ì
computinτ it≤ CR├ value¼á and¼ wheε complete¼ i⌠ compare≤ thσ tw∩ ì
CR├á values¼á tellinτ thσ use≥ iµ aε erro≥ iε thσá cop∙á occurreΣ ì
(i.e., different CRC values resulted).



7.3  MCOPY Interactive Mode

     Iµáá thσá user'≤á commanΣá i≤á simpl∙á "MCOPY"¼áá theεáá thσ ì
Interactivσ Modσ i≤ enabled«á  Iε responsσ t∩ thi≤ command¼ MCOP┘ ì
displays the following prompt:

MCOPY Status: EIMQV -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)?

wherσ an∙ oµ thσ character≤ iε "EIMQVó ma∙ bσ omitted«  Thσ EIMQ╓ ì
character≤á indicatσá thσá statu≤ oµ thσ variou≤á MCOP┘á options¼ ì
namely:

          E indicates that File Existence Test is ON
          I indicates that Inspect Mode is ON
          M indicates that Multiple Copy is ON
          Q indicates that Quiet Mode is ON
          V indicates that MCOPY will Verify


     Thσ MCOP┘ commanΣ prompteΣ fo≥ i≤ ß singlσá character¼á casσ ì
insignificant«á  Yo⌡á caεá togglσá eacΦ onσ oµ thesσá option≤á b∙ ì
simply striking the appropriate letter.

     Therσá arσ si° MCOP┘ Command≤ t∩ perforφ variou≤á functions«  ì
These commands are:

          C - Copy a File or Set of Files
          D - Directory Display
          F - Compute Amount of Free Space on Disk
          L - Log in New Directories
          S - Display MCOPY Status
          X or ^C - Exit

     Thσá ├á commanΣá (Copy⌐á allow≤ yo⌡á t∩á specif∙á ßá se⌠á oµ ì
destinations¼ sources¼ anΣ file≤ a≤ yo⌡ coulΣ a⌠ thσ commanΣ linσ ì
level«ááá  EacΦááá se⌠ááá i≤áá separateΣáá b∙ááá comma≤ááá (like¼ ì
"dir:=dir:f1.typ,f2.typ,dir:=dir:f3.typ").

     Thσ ─ commanΣ (Directory⌐ display≤ ß sorteΣ director∙ t∩ thσ ì
use≥á oµá thσá defaul⌠ director∙ o≥ onσá oµá hi≤á choice«á  NameΣ ì
directorie≤ o≥ thσ DU║ forφ ma∙ bσ useΣ t∩ specif∙ thσ directory«  ì
Thσ defaul⌠ director∙ i≤ thσ las⌠ destinatioε director∙ copieΣ t∩ ì
or selected by the L command.

     Thσá ╞á commanΣá compute≤ thσ amoun⌠ oµ freσ spacσá lef⌠á oε ì
disk.  The user may select the disk or ride with the default.

     Thσá ╠ commanΣ allow≤ thσ use≥ t∩ specif∙ ß ne≈á destinatioε ì
or source directory.

     Thσáá ╙á commanΣá tell≤á thσá use≥á thσá Statu≤á oµáá MCOPY¼ ì
particularl∙á wha⌠ thσ curren⌠ sourcσ anΣ destinatioε directorie≤ ì
are.

     X or ^C exits MCOPY to ZCPR2.



7.4  Sample MCOPY Sessions

B7>mcopy help:=mcopy.hlp
MCOPY  Version 2.8
        Copy B  7: MCOPY   .HLP to A 16:
No Original File MCOPY   .HLP on Destination
Reading     7K  Writing     7K

    Copy Complete,  Verify Phase --
Reading     7K
    Verify Complete
**** MCOPY Compete ****
            1 File Copied     0 Copy Errors


B7>mcopy 1:=*.hlp,*.txt i
MCOPY  Version 2.8
        Copy B  7: ????????.HLP to B  1:
MCOPY   .HLP -- Copy (Y/N/Q=Quit and Skip Rest/<CR>=Y)? Y
No Original File MCOPY   .HLP on Destination
Reading     7K  Writing     7K

    Copy Complete,  Verify Phase --
Reading     7K
    Verify Complete
        Copy B  7: ????????.TXT to B  1:
HELP    .TXT -- Copy (Y/N/Q=Quit and Skip Rest/<CR>=Y)? Y
S100    .TXT -- Copy (Y/N/Q=Quit and Skip Rest/<CR>=Y)? N
No Orginal File HELP    .TXT on Destination
Reading     1K  Writing     1K

    Copy Complete,  Verify Phase --
Reading     1K
    Verify Complete
**** MCOPY Complete ****
            2 Files Copied     0 Copy Errors

B7>mcopy
MCOPY  Version 2.8
MCOPY Status:     V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? ?
        MCOPY Status:  E I M Q V
These Status Characters have the following meanings:
   E - File Existence Test Mode is ON
   I - File Selection Inspect Mode is ON
   M - Muliple Copy Function Mode is ON
   Q - Quiet Mode is ON
   V - Verify Mode is ON

The Status Characters, as commands, toggle their respective modes.
Other valid MCOPY Commands are:
   C - Copy a File or Set of Files
   D - Directory Display
   F - Compute Amount of Free Space on Disk
   L - Log in New User/Disks
   S - Display MCOPY Status (Cur and Dest User/Disk)
   X or ^C - Exit MCOPY

MCOPY Status:     V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? d
** Directory Display **
        File Spec (<CR>=C  0:*.*)? b1:
DEMO    .COM    4K  DEMO    .MAC    4K  DEMO    .ZEX    4K  GENINS  .MAC   44K
HELP    .TXT    4K  MCOPY   .HLP    8K  TEMPLATE.MAC   12K
**    80K Occupied by Displayed Files,  4048K Remaining on Disk B **


MCOPY Status:     V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? c
        File Spec (<CR>=Abort)? zcpr:=mcopy.hlp
        Copy B  7: MCOPY   .HLP to A 11:
No Original File MCOPY   .HLP on Destination
Reading     7K  Writing     7K

    Copy Complete,  Verify Phase --
Reading     7K
    Verify Complete
**** MCOPY Complete ****
            1 File Copied     0 Copy Errors

MCOPY Status:     V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? f
** Free Space Data **
        Disk (<CR>=A)?

 1328K Bytes Remaining on Disk A
MCOPY Status:     V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? f
** Free Space Data **
        Disk (<CR>=A)? B

 4048K Bytes Remaining on Disk B

MCOPY Status:     V -- MCOPY Command (? for Help)? x
** MCOPY Exiting **