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1984-04-29
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ARTICLE
With increasing prosperity, West European youth is having a fling that is
creating distinctive consumer and cultural patterns.
The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon
well known in America as the "youth market." This is a market in which enter-
prising businesses cater to the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their
beatlemania and pop-art forms.
In the United States. the market is wide-ranging and well established, almost
an industry, which with this country's emphasis on "youthfulness," even extends
beyond teen-ager groups.
In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its
infancy. In some countries such as Britain, West Germany and France, it is more
advanced than in others. Some manifestations of the market, chiefly sociologi-
cal, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organ-
ized consumer research and promotion.
Characteristics of the evolving European youth-market indicate dissimilar-
ities as well as similarities to the American youth market.
The similarities:
The market's basis is essentially the same--more spending power and freedom
to use it in the hands of teen-agers and older youth. Young consumers also
make up an increasingly high proportion of the population.
As in the United States, youthful tastes in Europe extend over a similar
range of products--leather jackets and "wayout," extravagantly styled clothing,
cosmetics and soft drinks. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direct-
ion Trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing.
Also, a pattern of conformity dominates European youth as in this country,
though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that "make the wearer stand out,"
but also make him "in," such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets.
Worship and emulation of "idols" in the entertainment field, especially the
"pop" singers and other performers. There is also the same exuberance and un-
predictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to
the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television
teen-age singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other
followers of teen-age fads call the youth-market "attractive but irrational."
As in the United States where "teen" and "teener" have become merchandising
terms, Europeans also have adopted similar terminology. In Flemish and Dutch it
is "tiener" for teen-agers. The French have simply adopted the English word
"teen-ager." In West Germany the key word in advertising addressed to teen-
agers is "freizeit," meaning holidays or time-off.
The most obvious differences between the youth market in Europe and that in
the United States is in size. In terms of volume and variety of sales, the market
in Europe is only a shadow of its American counterpart, but it is a growing
shadow.
In West Germany, for example, teen-agers now are recognized as accounting
for 10 percent, or $3 billion, of retail sales a year.
Actually, the scope and nature of the youth-market varies considerably from
country to country, being large and lively in some and only beginning to show
itself in others.
But there are also these important dissimilarities generally with the Ameri-
can youth-market:
In the European youth-market, unlike that of the United States, it is the
working youth who provides the bulk of purchasing power.
On the average, the school-finishing age still tends to be 14 years. This
is the maximum age to which compulsory education extends, and with Europe's in-
dustrial manpower shortage, thousands of teen-age youths may soon attain incomes
equal in many cases to that of their fathers.
Although, because of general prosperity, European youths are beginning to
continue school studies beyond the compulsory maximum age, they do not receive
anything like the pocket money or "allowances" of American teen-agers. The
European average is about $5 to $10 a month.
Working youth, consequently, are the big spenders in the European youth
market, but they also have less leisure than those staying on at school, but
these in turn have less buying power.