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OCR: PRIMARY TUMOR DISTANT METASTASES pTx Primary tumor cannot be assessed (if no radical orchiectom MO No evidence of distant metastases has been performed is used) M Nonregional nodal or pulmonary metastases pTO No evidence tumor (e.g. histologic scar in testis) Nonpulmonary visceral metastases pTis Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (carcinoma in situ) pT1 Tumor limited to the testis and epididymis and no vascu- SERUM TUMOR MARKERS lar -lymphatic invasion; may invade into the tunica albuginea but not the tunica vaginalis LDH hCG (mIU/mL) AFP (ng/mL) pT Tumor limited to the testis and epididymis with vascular -lym- phatic invasion OI tumor extending through the tunica albu- <1.5 <5,000 1,000 ginea with involvement of tunica vaginalis 1.5-10 5,000- 50,000 1.000- 10.000 pT3 invades the spermatic ...