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C,,~P. XXVI. OF THE UNITY OF GOD. 89
not by invoking a blessing on him; for there is none
gre. ater than he, to invoke and ask one of, much less by
conferring any upon him; for as he needs none, a crea-
ture can give him nothing but what is his own. Be-
sides, without all contradiction, the less is blessed of the
greater; the creature of the Creator, and not the Creator
of the creature: but this is done by congratula. ting his
greatness and blessedness, and ascribing it to him, and
praising hint for all blessings, temporal and spiritual,
bestowed on them by him; and which, as they come
from him, are proofs of the blessedness that is in him.
And here ends the account of the attributes of God;
which all centre and terminate in his blessedness.
C H A P. XXVI.
OF Tt{E UNITY Or GOD.
HAVING treated of the attributes of God, I shall
now proceed to prove that this God, who is possessed of
all these great and glorious perfections, is but one. This
is a first principle, and not to be doubted of; it is a lnost
certain truth, most surely to be believed, and with the
greatest confidence to bc asserted; as lie is a fool that
says there is no God, he is equally so, who says there are
more than one; and, indeed, as Tertullian {1} observes, if
.God is 11Ot one, he is not at all. This is the first and
chief commandment whictt God has given, and requires
an assent and obedience to; on which all religion, doc-
trine, and faith depend, Mark xii. 28, 29, 30. it is the
voice both of reason and revelation; it is discernible by
the light of nature; what teaches men there is a God,
teaches them there is but one: and though when men
neglected the true God, and his worship, and liked llOt
to retain him in their knowledge, he gave them up to
a reprobate mind, to judicial blindness, to believe the
Father of lies, who led them on by degrees into the
grossest idolatry; yet the wiser and better sort of thein,
though they complied with the custom of countries in
which they lived, and paid a lesser sort of worship to
the rabble of inferior deities, in which they are not at all
to be excused froin idolatry; yet they held and owlled
one supreme Being, whom they often call the Father of
the gods and men "; the chief God with the Assyrians, as
Macrobius relates {3}, was called Adad; which, he says,
signifies one; and with the Phccnicians, Adodus, the
King of the gods {4}; the same with \^dxa\^, one. That there
is but one God, is an article in the Jewish Creed, and
which still continues; and no wonder, since it stands in
such a glaring light in the writings of the Old Testa-
ment, and is as clearly and as strongly asserted iu the
New; so that we Christians know assuredly, that there is
none God but one, 1 Cor. viii. 4. It is a truth agreed
on by all, by Jews and Gentiles; by Jewish doctors {5},
and heathen poets and philosophers "; by Old and New
Testament-saints; by the holy angels; and even by the
devils themselves: it must be right and well to believe
it. The apostle James commends the faith of it; Thou
Adv. Marcion. 1. l.c. 3.
Homer. Iliad. 1. Hcsiod. 1. 1. Opera et Dies, v. 59.
Saturnal. 1. 1. c. 24.
3anchoniatho apud Euseb. preapar. Evangel. I.t.p. 38.
believest that there is one God; thou doest well; the
devils also believe and tremble, chap. ii. 19. But I go on,
First, To give the proof of this doctrine; which inay
be taken partly from express passages of scripture, both
in the Old and New Testament; see Deut. vi. 4. Psalm
lxxxvi. 10. Isa. xliii. 10. and xliv. 6, 8. and xlv. 5, 6, 14,
18, 21, 22. and xlvi. 9- Mark xii. 29. John xvii. & Rom.
iii. 30. 1 Cot. viii. 4, 5, 6. Eph. iv. 6. 1 Titn. it, 5. The
sense of these scriptures will be observed hereafter; and
partly from the perfections of God, and his relations to
his. creatures.
The neccssary existence of God is a proof of his
unity. The existence of God must be either of neces-
sity, or of will and choice; if of will and choice, then it
must be either of the will and choice of another, or of
his own; not of another, for then that other would be
prior and superior to him, and so be God, and not he:
not of his own will and choice, for then he must be be-
fore hitnself, and be and not be at the same 'instant;
which is such an absurdity and contradiction as is not to'
be endured. It remains, therefore, that he necessarily
exists; and if so, there can be but one God; for no tea-
son can be given why there should be, or can be, more
than one necessarily existent Being.
God is the first Being, the cause of all other beings;
he is the first Cause, and last End of all things; the
mind of man, from effects, rises to tlIc knowledge of
causes; and. from one cause, to the cause of that; and
so proceeds oh until it arrives to the first Cause, which is
without a cause, and is what is truly called God; and as
therefore there is but one first Cause, there call bc but
one God; so, according to Pythagoras and Plato, unity
is the principle of all things {7}.
God, the first Cause, who is without a cause, and is
the Cause of all, is independent; all owe their existence
to him, and so depend upon him for the preservation,
continuance, and comfort of their being; all live, and
move, and have their being in him; but he, receiving his
being from none, is independent of any; which can only
be said of one; there is but one independent Being, and
therefore but one God.
God is an eternal Being, before all things, from ever-
lasting to everlasting; and there can be but one. Eternal,
and so but one God; before me, says he, there was no
God formed; neither shall titere be after me, Isa. xliii.
10. if then no other, then but one God.
God is infinite and incomprehensible; as he is not
bounded by tithe, so not by space; he is not contained
or included anywhere, nor comprehended by any. To
suppose two infinites, the one must either reach ant%
comprehend, and include the other, or not; 7, f it does
not, thcn it is not infinite, and so not God; if it does
reach unto, comprehend, and include the other, then
that which is comprehended, and included by it, is finite,
and so not God; therefore it is clear thcre cannot be
more infinitcs than one; and if but one infinite, then
but one God.
Omnipotence is a perfection of God; he claims this
title to himserf, The Lord God almighty: now there
Maimon. Yesode Hattorah, c. 1. s. 4. Joseph Albo in Sepher lk-
karim, 1. 2, c. 6, 7.
Vide Mornaeum de Vet. Christ. Relig. c. 3.
Laert. 1.1. in Vita Pythagorae.
M