home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
OS/2 Professional
/
OS2PRO194.ISO
/
os2
/
packer
/
compress
/
compress.man
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-02-03
|
6KB
|
136 lines
NAME
compress, uncompress, zcat - compress and uncompress files
SYNOPSIS
compress [ -c ] [ -C ] [ -d ] [ -f ] [ -v ] [ -b bits ] [ filename
... ]
uncompress [ -c ] [ -f ] [ -v ] [ -V ] [ filename ... ]
zcat [ filename ... ]
DESCRIPTION
Compresses the specified files or standard input. Each file
is replaced by a file with the extension .Z, but only if the
file got smaller. If no files are specified, the compres-
sion is applied to the standard input and is written to
standard output regardless of the results. Compressed files
can be restored to their original form by specifying the -d
option, or by running uncompress (linked to compress), on
the .Z files or the standard input.
If the output file exists, it will not be overwritten unless
the -f flag is given. If -f is not specified and compress
is run in the foreground, the user is prompted as to whether
the file should be overwritten.
If the -f flag is given, all files specified are replaced
with .Z files - even if the file didn't get smaller.
When file names are given, the ownership (if run by root),
modes, accessed and modified times are maintained between
the file and its .Z version. In this respect, compress can
be used for archival purposes, yet can still be used with
make(1) after uncompression.
The -c option causes the results of the compress/uncompress
operation to be written to stdout; no files are changed.
The zcat program is the same as specifying -c to uncompress
(all files are unpacked and written to stdout).
Compress uses the modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm described in
"A Technique for High Performance Data Compression", Terry
A. Welch, IEEE Computer Vol 17, No 6 (June 1984), pp 8-19.
Common substrings in the file are first replaced by 9-bit
codes 257 and up. When code 512 is reached, the algorithm
switches to 10-bit codes and continues to use more bits
until the bits limit as specified by the -b flag is reached
(default 16). Bits must be between 9 and 16. The default
can be changed in the source to allow compress to be run on
a smaller machine.
After the bits limit is reached, compress periodically
checks the compression ratio. If it is increasing, compress
continues to use the codes that were previously found in the
file. However, if the compression ratio decreases, compress
discards the table of substrings and rebuilds it from
scratch. This allows the algorithm to adapt to the next
"block" of the file. The -C (compatibility) flag prevents
subdivision of the file into blocks; this produces an output
file that old versions of compress can read.
A two byte magic number is prepended to the file to ensure
that neither uncompression of random text nor recompression
of compressed text are attempted. In addition, the bits
specified during compress is written to the file so that the
-b flag can be omitted for uncompress.
The amount of compression obtained depends on the size of
the input file, the amount of bits per code, and the distri-
bution of character substrings. Typically, text files, such
as C programs, are reduced by 50-60%. Compression is gen-
erally much better than that achieved by Huffman coding (as
used in pack), or adaptive Huffman coding (compact), and
takes less time to compute.
If the -v (verbose) flag is given, then after each file is
compressed, a message is printed giving the percentage of
the input file that has been saved by compression.
If the -V (version) flag is given, the program's version
number is printed.
The exit status is normally 0; if the last file gets bigger
after compression, the exit status is 2; if an error occurs,
the exit status is 1.
SEE ALSO
compact(1), pack(1)
DIAGNOSTICS
Usage: compress [-cCdfvV] [-b maxbits] [file ...]
Invalid options were specified on the command line.
Missing maxbits
Maxbits must follow -b.
Unknown flag: 'x';
Invalid flags were specified on the command line.
file: not in compressed format
The specified file has not been compressed.
file: compressed with xx bits, can only handle yy bits
The specified file was compressed by a compress pro-
gram that could handle more bits than the current
compress program. Recompress the file with a
smaller bits.
file: already has .Z suffix -- no change
Cannot compress a file that has a ".Z" suffix.
mv(1) the file to a different name and try again.
file: filename too long to tack on .Z
The specified file cannot be compressed because its
filename is longer than 12 characters. mv(1) the
file to a different name and try again. This mes-
sage does not occur on 4.2BSD systems.
file already exists; do you wish to overwrite (y or n)?
Respond "y" if you want the output file to be
replaced; "n" if you want it to be left alone.
file:
This message fragment is written during the process-
ing of a file.
Compression: xx.xx%
This message fragment gives the percentage of the
input file that has been saved by compression.
-- not a regular file: unchanged
This message fragment is written when the input file
is not a regular file. The input file is left
unchanged.
-- has xx other links: unchanged
This message fragment is written when the input file
has links. The input file is left unchanged. See
ln(1) for more information.
-- file unchanged
This message fragment is written when no savings are
achieved by compression. The input file is left
unchanged.
-- replaced with file
This message fragment is written when a file has
been sucessfully compressed/uncompressed.