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$Unique_ID{PAR00084}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Medical Advice: Goiter}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Editors of Consumer Guide
Chasnoff, Ira J}
$Subject{congenital Goiter front neck Swelling hormones pregnancy medications
medication hormone thyroid gland larynx voice box metabolic rate
antiasthma medicine cough medicines iodides iodine diet Seafood Hashimoto's
thyroiditis autoimmune disorder Enlargement malignancy hyperactive hypoactive}
$Log{}
Your Child: A Medical Guide
Goiter
Quick Reference
SYMPTOM
- Swelling in the front of the neck
HOME CARE
- Do not attempt to treat at home. Treatment depends on the cause, which
must be diagnosed by a doctor.
PRECAUTIONS
- During pregnancy, do not take any medications (even over-the-counter
drugs) without your doctor's approval. Some drugs taken by the mother
can interfere with synthesis of thyroid hormone in the fetus, causing
congenital (present at birth) goiter.
A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which causes a swelling
in the front of the neck. The thyroid gland lies just below and to either
side of the larynx (voice box). The thyroid gland produces hormones that
control the body's metabolic rate (the rate at which food is used for energy
and growth). A normal thyroid is barely visible (if at all) and can hardly be
felt.
A goiter may be present in a newborn infant, especially if the pregnant
mother was taking certain medications (such as antiasthma and cough medicines
that contain iodides). Insufficient iodine in your child's diet also can
cause a goiter. Although this disorder was once common, it is now rare
because of general use of iodized table salt and more widespread eating of
seafood. (Seafood is naturally high in iodine content.)
Goiter is most common between the ages of six and 16 years, and affects
girls more often than boys. It may be due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an
autoimmune disorder (in which the body's defense system reacts against some of
its own tissue and produces antibodies to destroy it) of unknown cause.
Enlargement of the thyroid is rarely due to malignancy. A goiter may be
hyperactive (producing too much hormone) or hypoactive (producing too little
hormone), but usually it is neither.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
A goiter can be seen and felt as a swelling in the front of the neck.
This swelling usually appears just below and to either side of the larynx.
Often the swelling is noticed when a shirt collar or neck jewelry no longer
fits. Generally, there are no other symptoms.
HOME TREATMENT
No home treatment should be attempted. Goiter must be diagnosed by a
doctor. The cause cannot be identified without laboratory tests.
PRECAUTION
- During pregnancy, do not take any medications (even over-the-counter
drugs) without your doctor's approval. Some drugs taken by a pregnant
woman can interfere with synthesis of thyroid hormone in the fetus,
causing congenital (present at birth) goiter.
MEDICAL TREATMENT
Blood tests, often requiring complicated laboratory work, are used to
find the cause of a goiter. The treatment for a goiter depends on the cause,
but may include long-term drug therapy. Surgery is not necessary except in
rare cases of malignancy or obstruction of breathing.
RELATED TOPIC: Thyroid disorders