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1993-06-14
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$Unique_ID{PAR00108}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Medical Advice: Infectious Mononucleosis}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Editors of Consumer Guide
Chasnoff, Ira J}
$Subject{Infectious Mononucleosis weakness discomfort Sore throat culture
tonsils tonsil Pus fever Swollen lymph nodes neck fatigue Mottled red rash
acetaminophen enlarged spleen Epstein-Barr virus nose throat secretion
secretions saliva kissing disease strep infection viral pharyngitis diphtheria
mono spot blood test liver penicillin antibiotic antibiotics}
$Log{}
Your Child: A Medical Guide
Infectious Mononucleosis
Quick Reference
SYMPTOMS
- General weakness and bodily discomfort
- Sore throat
- Pus on the tonsils
- Prolonged fever
- Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the neck
- Prolonged fatigue
- Mottled red rash
HOME CARE
- Rest, acetaminophen, and a general diet (as tolerated) are the basis of
home care.
- If your doctor has found that the child's spleen is enlarged, the
child's activities should be restricted.
PRECAUTIONS
- Do not allow a child who has had mononucleosis to return to school or
other activities until weakness and fatigue have disappeared.
- Do not allow a child with an enlarged spleen to take part in contact
sports or other strenuous activities until the spleen has returned to
its normal size.
Infectious mononucleosis, or "mono," is a fairly common contagious
disease. It is caused by an organism called the Epstein-Barr virus and is
transmitted by secretions from the nose and throat (which is why it is also
referred to as the "kissing disease"). Mono can occur at any age from infancy
on, but is most often seen among young people of high school or college age.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The usual symptoms of mono are general weakness and bodily discomfort
accompanied by sore throat (often with pus on the tonsils), prolonged fever,
and swelling and slight tenderness of the lymph nodes, particularly those of
the neck. In 10 to 20 percent of cases, mono produces a mottled red rash,
especially on the trunk of the body. The spleen may be enlarged.
The disease appears one to six weeks after exposure to the virus. A
person with mono may be acutely ill for weeks, and fatigue and weakness can
continue for months. In most teenagers, the acute illness lasts about two
weeks and complete recovery occurs within four to six weeks.
Because the symptoms of mono are also typical of other diseases, it is
rarely possible to make an accurate diagnosis without laboratory tests.
Symptoms such as fever, severe sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in the neck,
and rash can also be signs of a strep infection, viral pharyngitis, or
diphtheria. If these symptoms do not improve with time or treatment, the
doctor will suspect mono. It is also possible to have mono as well as another
disease; for example, the doctor may diagnose and begin treating a case of
strep throat without realizing at first that mono is also present.
The most common laboratory test for mono is the "mono spot" blood test.
A positive test confirms the diagnosis of mono. However, often the mono spot
does not become positive until two to three weeks into the course of the
disease.
HOME CARE
Rest, acetaminophen, and a general diet (as tolerated) are the basis of
home care. Although mono is contagious, it is not necessary to isolate the
child, and it is unlikely that other family members will contract the disease.
The child can return to school as soon as the weakness and fatigue disappear
and the child feels well enough.
If the spleen is enlarged, however, the child's activities should be
restricted. An enlarged spleen protrudes beneath the ribs, which normally
protect it, and is susceptible to injury or rupture. The child should not
take part in contact sports or other energetic activities until the spleen has
returned to its normal size. This can take weeks or months.
PRECAUTIONS
- Do not allow a child who has had mono to return to school or other
activities until weakness and fatigue have disappeared.
- Do not allow a child with an enlarged spleen to take part in contact
sports or other strenuous activities until the spleen has returned to its
normal size.
MEDICAL TREATMENT
Your doctor will examine the child thoroughly, paying special attention
to the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. The doctor will also take a throat
culture; if the throat culture reveals a strep infection, the child will be
given penicillin or another antibiotic. Although most cases of mono can be
treated at home with rest, diet, and acetaminophen, some severe cases require
hospitalization. This would be the case if the child needed to be given
fluids intravenously or other types of supportive care.
RELATED TOPICS: Diphtheria; Glands, swollen; G6PD deficiency; Hepatitis; Sore
throat; Strep infections