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$Unique_ID{PAR00126}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Medical Advice: Nephritis}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{
Editors of Consumer Guide
Chasnoff, Ira J}
$Subject{Nephritis scanty dark urine Discoloration Puffy eyes Headache High
blood pressure strep throat infection impetigo infections inflammation kidneys
streptococcal scarlet fever chronic kidney disease convulsions urination
ceases bloody urine blood tests penicillin erythromycin glomeruli filter
filters filtering units}
$Log{}
Your Child: A Medical Guide
Nephritis
Quick Reference
SYMPTOMS
- Discoloration of the urine
- Puffy eyes
- Headache
- High blood pressure
HOME CARE
- Most cases of nephritis are mild and pass unnoticed. If the symptoms
are marked enough to be recognized, the child requires medical
attention.
PRECAUTIONS
- If the child's eyes are puffy or the urine is scanty and dark, the
child may have nephritis.
- If symptoms of nephritis are pronounced enough to be noticed, take the
child to the doctor.
- Nephritis usually follows a strep infection. Watch for the condition
to follow a strep throat or impetigo, even if the infection has been
treated with antibiotics.
There are many forms of nephritis (inflammation of the kidneys), but the
form that is most common in children usually follows a streptococcal
infection, such as strep throat, scarlet fever, or streptococcal impetigo.
The first symptoms of nephritis develop one to three weeks after the onset of
a strep infection, and these symptoms are usually mild. In fact, most cases
of nephritis probably go unnoticed (or undiagnosed) and pass without
treatment. Occasionally, however, nephritis starts abruptly and the illness
is severe. Most children recover completely from nephritis, but chronic
kidney disease may develop.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
In most cases, the first sign of nephritis is urine that is a smoky color
or brownish-red and tinged with blood. The child may have puffy eyes and run
a fever of 101 degrees_F to 102 degrees_F for several days. In severe cases,
the illness produces high fever, headache, vomiting, high blood pressure, and
convulsions; urination ceases almost completely, and the urine the child does
produce contains a lot of blood. An analysis of the urine will confirm the
diagnosis. Positive cultures of nose and throat secretions for strep bacteria
support the diagnosis.
HOME CARE
If the symptoms are severe enough to be recognized, do not attempt home
treatment. The child should be examined by a doctor.
PRECAUTION
- Nephritis may follow streptococcal impetigo or a strep throat, whether or
not the strep infection has been treated with antibiotics.
MEDICAL TREATMENT
In a case of suspected nephritis, the doctor will examine the child
thoroughly and measure the blood pressure. The doctor may take a throat
culture to identify a strep infection and order urine and blood tests. If the
child does have nephritis, the doctor will usually prescribe penicillin or
erythromycin for ten days. The doctor will monitor the child's blood and
urine until they are normal again. The child should stay in bed only during
the acute phase of the disease.
In a severe case, the child may have to be hospitalized for observation
and treatment of high blood pressure or convulsions. Medication may be
continued for several months, throughout the recovery period and even
afterward.
RELATED TOPICS: High blood pressure; Impetigo; Strep infections; Urinary
tract infections