home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Middle School Math & Grammar
/
ProOneSoftware-MiddleSchoolMath&Grammar-Win31.iso
/
grammar
/
chapter2.5g
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-11-01
|
8KB
|
185 lines
183
à 2.5èParticiples
ä:èDistinguish between present and past participles in the
sentences in the Example.
âS:
#è ╖We might be going to Hungary in the fall╗ contains the pre-
#è sent participle╖ going╖.
#ï╖ïI have noticed that you have recently shown good judgment ╗contains
#è the two past participles ╖noticed ╗and ╖shown.╗
#éS A present participle is normally formed by adding ╖ing ╗to the
base form of any regular or irregular verb: the present participle of
#╖hoe ╗is ╖hoeing, ╗the present participle of ╖try ╗is ╖trying, ╗the pre-
#sent participle of ╖kiss ╗is ╖kissing.ï╗However, there are exceptions:
#most irregular verbs ending in ╖e╖ ╗(like ╖have╗) form the present par-
#ticiple by dropping the ╖e ╗and then adding ╖ing: having.╗ïOther ir-
#regular verbs ending in ╖e╖╗, like╖ die, ╗drop the two vowels and then
#add ╖ying: dying.ï╗Sometimes the last letter of a regular or irregular
#verb is doubled before adding ╖ing╗ to form the present participle.ïFor
#example, the regular verb occur has as its present participle ╖occurring╗
#the irregular verb ╖forget╗ has as its present participle ╖forgetting.╗
A present participle never functions as a main verb without at least one
helping verb preceding it.ïFor example, any one of the following
helping verbs can be placed in front of the present participle--
#depending on the subject and tense of the verb: ╖am, are, is, was, were,
#╖may, be, might be, could be, should be, would be, will be, have been,
#╖had been, could have been, might have been, may have been, would have
#╖been, will have been, should have been.ï╗To form the past participle
#of a regular verb, you normally add an ╖ed; ╗for example, ╖jump ╗becomes
#╖jumped.ï╗But if a regular verb ends in ╖e╖,╗ add only a ╖d╖; ╗for ex-
#ample, ╖die ╗becomes ╖died; ╗if the regular verb ends in a ╖y╗ preceded
#by a consonant, form the past participle by dropping the ╖y╗ and adding
#╖ied╗╖;╗ for example, ╖try ╗becomes ╖tried.ï╗Some regular verbs that
end in a consonant preceded by a vowel double that consonant and then
#add an ╖ed; ╗for example ╖prefer ╗becomes ╖preferred.ï╗Forming past
#participles from irregular verbs is even more complicated.ï╖Ed ╗is not
added at all.ïInstead there are many other endings.ïMost of the time
#the past participle will be longer than the verb's base form: ╖write;
#╖╗becomes ╖written; forget ╗becomes ╖forgotten; do ╗becomes ╖done.ï╗Or
the past participle may have the same amount of letters as the verb's
#base form, but one letter is removed and one letter is added: ╖choose ╗
#becomes ╖chosen, freeze ╗becomes ╖frozen.
1.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a present
participle used as a main verb?
A)ïCould he be forgotten so quickly?
B)ïI am swimming against the tide.
C)ïThe travelers might have had bad weather.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢Swimming ╗╗is a present participle.ï╢Am ╗is the helping verb.
#In the other sentences, ╖could be forgotten ╗contains two helping verbs
#plus a past participle, as does ╖might have had.╗
Ç B
2.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a past
participle?
A)ïWas she applauded for her solo?
B)ïI must have been dreaming for a moment.
C)ïThe train leisurely crossed the bridge.
D)ïå
ü
#êïThe past participle is ╖applauded; was ╗is the helping verb.
#In another sentence, ╖must have been dreaming ╗ consists of three help-
ing verbs plus a present participle, and the remaining sentence has no
participle at all, just the past ç of the regular verb cross.
Ç A
3.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a present and
past participle used as a main verb?
A)ïLarry Holmes is still boxing.
B)ïWill he be seated at court today?
C)ïThey were hoping that snow would have fallen by now.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢Hoping ╗is a present participle and ╢were ╗ is its helping
#verb; ╖╗╢fallen ╗is a past participle; ╢would have ╗are the two helping
#verbs.ïOne sentence contains only the present participle ╖boxing, ╗pre-
#ceded by the helping verb ╖is╖, ╗and one sentence contains only the past
#participle ╖seated, ╗preceded by the helping verbs ╖will be.╗
Ç C
4.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a past par-
ticiple used as the main verb?
A)ïI questioned his statistics.
B)ïWilly has sighted a deer.
C)ïJimmy answered the letters.
D)ïå
ü
#êïEven though all the main verbs end in ╖ed, ╗the only one that
#is a past participle is ╢sighted ╗because it, unlike the other two
#verbs, is preceded by the helping verb ╢has.ï╗In the other sentences,
#╖questioned and ╖answered ╗are the past tense forms of the regular verbs
#╖question ╗and ╖answer.
Ç B
5.èWhich one of the following sentences contains a past par-
ticiple used as the main verb and preceded by three helping verbs?
A)ïCould the cemetery have been lighted better?
B)ïShould he have been in charge of the crew?
C)ïWhom am I looking for?
D)ïå
#üè╢Lighted ╗is a participle preceded by three helping verbs: ╢
#╢could, have, ╗and ╢seen.ï╗The subject of the sentence, the ╖cemetery,
separates the first helping verb from the second two--as often happens
#in questions involving helping verbs.ïIn another sentence, ╖been, ╗
instead of functioning as a helping verb, is a past participle (of the
#verb ╖be╗) used as the main verb and is preceded by the two helping
#verbs ╖should have.ï╗In the remaining sentence, there is no past par-
#ticiple.ïThe present participle ╖looking╗ is the main verb, and ╖am ╗is
the helping verb.
Ç A
6.èWhich one of the following sentences contains the appro-
priate form of the past participle of an irregular verb used as the main
verb?
A)ïHe has drank a quart of milk.
B)ïThey have wrote to the President.
C)ïShe could have lead the team.
D)ïå
#üèå of the main verbs are proper past participle forms.ï╖
#╖Drank ╗ is the past tense of the irregular verb ╖drink: drunk ╗is the
#correct past participle form.╖ Wrote ╗is the past tense of the irregular
#verb╖ write: written ╗is the correct past participle form.ïThe verb ╖
#╖lead, ╗(it is often mispronounced as if it were the noun ╖lead, ╗the
#metal) should be spelled ╖led.ï╗If it were spelled correctly, then it
would be the correct form of the past participle of the irregular verb
#╖lead.ï╗Note that ╖led ╗is also the past tense ending.
Ç D
7.èWhich one of the following irregular verbs does not change
from the base form when forming the past participle?
A)ïsit
B)ïset
C)ïsup
D)ïnone
ü
#êïAs a past participle, ╢set ╗doesn't change its basic form at
#all.ï╖Sat ╗is the past participle of ╖sit.ïSup ╗is the past participle
#of╖ sip.
Ç B
8.èWhich one of the following irregular verbs does not change
its base when forming the past participle or the past tense?
A)ïdo
B)ïbegin
C)ïread
D)ïnone
ü
#êï╢Read ╗doesn't change its form from the base verb to past or
#past participle.ï╖Done ╗is the past participle of ╖do.ïBegun ╗is the
#past participle of ╖begin.╗
Ç C
9.èWhich one of the following verbs is a past participle form
of an irregular verb?
A)ïrose
B)ïstole
C)ïrode
D)ïnone
ü
êïå of the above verbs are past participles.ïThey are all
#past tense forms.ï╖Rose ╗is the past tense of ╖rise.ïRisen ╗is the
#correct past participle form.ï╖Stole ╗is the past tense of╖ steal:
#╖stolen ╗is the correct past participle form.ï╖Rode ╗is the past ç
#of ╖ride: ridden ╗is the correct past participle form.
Ç D
10.èWhich one of the following verbs is a past participle
form of an irregular verb?
A)ïsewn
B)ïdove
C)ïstrove
D)ïnone
ü
#êï╢Sewn ╗is the past participle of the verb ╢sew.ï╗Both ╖dove ╗
#and ╖strove ╗are past tense forms of the irregular verbs ╖dive ╗and ╖
#╖strive:╗ the past participle of ╖strive ╗is ╖strived ╗or ╖striven; ╗the
past participle of dive is dived.
Ç A