ufigstes Element der Erdkruste (20900ppm). Kommt nur in Komponenten vor.
England
CalciumuZiemlich hartes, silberwei
es Metall. F
ufigstes Element der Erdkruste (41500ppm). Kommt nur in Komponenten vor.
England
ScandiumWZiemlich hartes, silberwei
es Metall. Achth
ufigste 'Seltenerde' der Erdkruste (5.0ppm)
Schweden
Titan
nzend, dunkelgraues Metall. Neunth
ufigstes Element der Erdkruste (5700ppm). Es kann kaum geschliffen werden und ist relativ immun gegen Anlaufen.
England
Vanadium
Weiches, dehnbares, silberwei
es Metall. resistent gegen Korrosion bei Feuchtigkeit, Luft, bei den meisten S
uren und bei Alkalimetallen in Raumtemperatur.
Schweden
Chrom
Sehr hartes, kristalines stahlgraues Metall. Das reine Metall hat eine blauwei
e Farbe. Es ist hart, spr
de und korrosionsresistent bei nomalen Temperaturen.
Frankreich
Mangan\Hartes, spr
des, grauwei
es Metall mit einer rosa T
nung. Rostet wie Eisen in feuchter Luft.
Schweden
Eisen
Formbares, dehnbares, silberwei
es Metall. Vierth
ufigstes Element der Erdkruste (56300 ppm). Neunth
ufigstes Element im Universum.
Kobalt
Hartes, dehnbares, gl
nzend blaugraues Metall. Existiert in der Erdkruste in einer Konzentration von 25 ppm. Es hat au
ergew
hnliche magnetische Eigenschaften.
Schweden
Nickel
Hartes, formbares, silberwei
es Metall. Existiert In der Erdkruste in Teilen von 70 ppm. Es kann bis zum Glanz poliert werden. Praktisch keine Korrosion unter normalen Bedingungen.
Francium2Sehr seltenes und instabiles, radioaktives Metall.
Frankreich
Radium&Silberwei
es Metall. Stark radioaktiv.
Frankreich
Actinium0Schweres, silberwei
es, sehr radioaktives Metall
Frankreich
ThoriumASchweres, graues, weiches, form-, dehnbares, radioaktives Metall.
Schweden
Protactinium7Sehr seltenes, silberwei
es, stark radioaktives Metall.
England/Frankreich
Uran=Silberwei
es, dichtes, dehn-, formbares, radioaktives Metall.
Deutschland
Neptunium'Seltenes, silbriges radioaktives Metall
Plutonium?Silberwei
es, stark radioaktives k
nstlich hergestelltes Metall
Americium9Silberwei
es, k
nstlich hergestelltes radioaktives Metall
Curium7Silbriges, formbares, sythetisches, radioaktives Metall
jbjnhnbzrrxxvt
Berkelium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Californium=Synthetisches radioaktives Metall. Starker Neutronenaussto
Einsteinium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Fermium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Mendelevium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Nobelium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Schweden
Lawrencium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Rutherfordium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Hahnium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Seaborgium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
land, USA
Bohrium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Deutschland
Hassium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Deutschland
Meitnerium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Deutschland
Ununnilium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Deutschland
Unununium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Deutschland
Ununbium!Synthetisches radioaktives Metall
Deutschland
Langue
NumAtom
NumAtom
NumAtom
Langue
NumAtom
Hydrog
neyGaz sans saveur, couleur ou odeur.
ment le plus abondant de l'univers; dixi
me plus abondant dans la cro
te terrestre.
Angleterre
Gaz inerte, l
ger, sans saveur, couleur ou odeur. Second
ment le plus abondant de l'univers; sixi
me par ordre d'abondance dans l'atmosph
re terrestre.
cosse/Su
Lithium[M
tal mou, gris-blanc; le plus l
ger des m
taux. Repr
sente 0.0007% de la cro
te terrestre.
BerylliumTM
tal dur et cassant, couleur gris acier; le plus l
ger des m
taux rigides. Toxique.
Allemagne/France
BoregM
tallo
de dur et cassant, noir brillant. Repr
sente en moyenne 10 millioni
mes de la cro
te terrestre.
Angleterre/France
CarbonezSes formes allotropiques principales sont le diamant et le graphite. Sixi
ment par ordre d'abondance dans l'univers.
Azote
Gaz g
ralement inerte, sans saveur, couleur ou odeur. Cinqui
ment par ordre d'abondance dans l'univers. Repr
sente environ 78% de l'atmosph
re terrestre.
cosse
Gaz sans saveur, couleur ou odeur; liquide bleu p
le. Troisi
ment par ordre d'abondance dans l'univers; premier dans la cro
te terrestre; repr
sente presque 21% de son atmosph
Angleterre/Su
FluoroGaz jaune-vert, corrosif et irritant; tr
actif. Il n'est pas pr
sent dans la nature sous forme
mentaire.
France
Gaz inerte, sans saveur, couleur ou odeur. Quatri
ment le plus abondant de l'univers et cinqui
me par ordre d'abondance dans l'atmosph
re terrestre (18.18 ppm).
Angleterre
Sodium{M
tal blanc-argent
, mou. Sixi
me par ordre d'abondance dans la cro
te terrestre. Br
le dans l'air avec une flamme blanche.
Angleterre
Magn
siumzM
tal blanc argent
ger et mall
able. Huiti
me par ordre d'abondance dans l'univers, septi
me dans la cro
te terrestre.
Angleterre
Aluminum]M
tal l
ger et mou, blanc-brillant. Troisi
me par ordre d'abondance dans la cro
te terrestre.
Danemark
Silicium
Poudre brune sous sa forme amorphe, forme cristalline grise d'apparence m
tallique. Septi
me par ordre d'abondance dans l'univers, second dans la cro
te terrestre.
PhosphoremSolide mou, blanc, cireux et phosphorescent, existe aussi sous formes de poudre brun-rouge et de solide noir. Allemagne
SoufreaSolide cassant, jaune p
le, sans saveur ert odeur. Dixi
ment le plus abondant de l'univers.
ChloreUGaz jaune-vert, irritant. Il n'est pas pr
sent dans la nature sous forme
mentaire.
Argon
Gaz inerte sans saveur, couleur ou odeur. Troisi
me constituant par ordre d'importance dans l'atmosph
re terrestre (environ 1%).
cosse
Potassium
tal gris-blanc cireux et mou. Huiti
ment par ordre d'importance dans la cro
te terrestre (20 900 ppm). N'existe pas sous forme
mentaire.
Angleterre
Calcium
tal gris-blanc assez dur. Cinqui
ment par ordre d'importance dans la cro
te terrestre (41 500 ppm). N'existe pas sous forme
mentaire.
Angleterre
ScandiumLM
tal gris-blanc assez dur. "Terre rare" dans la cro
te terrestre (5.0 ppm).
Titane
tal gris fonc
, brillant. Neuvi
ment par ordre d'importance dans la cro
te terrestre (5700 ppm). Peut
tre poli. Pratiquement insensible
la corrosion.
Angleterre
Vanadium
tal mou et ductile, gris-blanc. R
sistant
la corrosion par l'humidit
, l'air et la plupart des acides et bases dans les conditions ordinaires de temp
rature.
Chrome
tal tr
s dur, gris acier. Le m
tal pur a une couleur bleut
e. Il est dur et cassant et r
siste
la corrosion aux temp
ratures ordinaires.
France
Mangan
tal dur et cassant, gris-blanc teint
de rose. S'oxyde comme le fer dans l'air humide.
tal gris-blanc, mall
able et ductile. Quatri
ment par ordre d'importance dans la cro
te terrestre (56 300 ppm), neuvi
me dans l'univers.
Cobalt
tal gris-bleu brillant, ductile. Concentration dans la cro
te terrestre de l'ordre de 25 ppm. Propri
s magn
tiques importantes.
Nickel
tal gris-argent, dur mais mall
able. Concentration dans la cro
te terrestre de l'ordre de 70 ppm. Peut
tre rendu brillant par polissage. Pas de corrosion dans les conditions normales.
Cuivre<M
tal mall
able et ductile, rouge-brun, tr
s bon conducteur.
tal ductile, bleu-gris. Allemagne
Gallium
tal mou, bleut
France
Germanium
tal gris-blanc. Allemagne
Arsenic
tallo
de cassant, gris acier.
niumsM
tallo
de doux, semblable au Soufre. Apparence variable entre celle d'un m
tal (gris) et celle d'un verre (rouge).
Brome
Liquide brun-roux.
France
Krypton)Gaz inerte sans couleur, odeur ou saveur.
Grande Bretagne
Rubidium$M
tal mou, gris-blanc, tr
actif. Allemagne
Strontium!M
tal mou, mall
able, gris-blanc.
cosse
Yttrium+M
tal argent
, ductile, l
rement r
actif.
Finlande
Zirconium4M
tal gris-blanc brillant, r
sistant
la corrosion. Allemagne
Niobium"M
tal ductile mou, blanc brillant.
Angleterre
Molybd
tal dur, gris-blanc.
Techn
tium;M
tal gris-blanc. Premier
ment produit artificiellement.
Italie
Ruth
nium1M
tal gris-blanc, extr
mement cassant. Tr
s rare.
Russie
Rhodium
tal dur, gris-blanc.
Angleterre
Palladium,M
tal mou, mall
able et ductile, gris-blanc.
Angleterre
Argent$M
tal ductile et mall
able, argent
Cadmium
tal mou, mall
able, bleut
. AllemagneAD
Indium&M
tal tr
s mou, gris-blanc. Tr
s rare. Allemagne
tain)M
tal argent
, mou, mall
able et ductile.
Antimoine#M
tallo
de dur et cassant, argent
Tellure
tallo
de cassant, argent
Roumanie
IodenSolide noir brillant, non m
tallique. A l'
tat gazeux de couleur violette et tr
s irritant pour les muqueuses.
France
non&Gaz rare lourd, sans couleur ni odeur.
Angleterre
sium$M
tal gris clair, tr
s mou, ductile. Allemagne
Baryum-M
tal gris-blanc mou et l
rement mall
able.
Angleterre
Lanthane,M
tal mou, gris-blanc, mall
able et ductile.
rium%M
tal gris-fer, mall
able et ductile.
de/Allemagne
odyme/M
tal argent
, assez mou, mall
able et ductile.
Autriche
odyme<M
tal argent
(terre rare), s'oxide tr
s facilement
l'air.
Autriche
thiumoM
tal (terre rare) d'origine synth
tique sur terre, mais produit naturel de la nucl
osynth
se dans les
toiles.
U.S.A.
Samarium
tal (terre rare) argent
France
Europium
tal mou argent
France
Gadolinium
tal mou et ductile, argent
Suisse
Terbium)M
tal (terre rare) mou, ductile, argent
Suisse
Dysprosium
tal argent
, mou et brillant.
France
Holmium.M
tal argent
brillant assez mou et mall
able.
Suisse
Erbium
tal mou, mall
able, argent
Thulium)M
tal mou, mall
able et ductile, argent
Ytterbium-M
tal argent
brillant, mall
able et ductile.
Suisse
Lutetium)M
tal (terre rare) argent
, dur et dense.
France
Hafnium
tal argent
, ductile.
Danemark
TantaleKM
tal gris et lourd, dur mais ductile, avec un point de fusion
. Rare.
Tungst
tal gris acier
blanc, dur, avec le point le fusion le plus
de tous les m
taux.
Espagne
Rhenium,M
tal dense, blanc argent
, rare et co
teux. Allemagne
Osmium:Poudre fine et dure, noire, ou bien m
tal bleut
brillant.
Angleterre
Iridium
tal blanc, dur et cassant.
Angleterre/France
Platine%M
tal argent
s lourd, mou. Rare.
Italie
tal jaune brillant, mou, mall
able.
Mercure8M
tal argent
et lourd, liquide
temp
rature ordinaire.2D
Thallium$M
tal mou, gris, semblable au Plomb.
Angleterre
Plomb:M
tal bleut
brillant tr
s mou, tr
s mall
able et ductile.
Bismuth8M
tal gris acide avec des teintes roses, dur et cassant.
Polonium*M
tal tr
s rare, radioactif, gris argent
France
Astate
Halog
ne instable (radioactif).
U.S.A.
Radon1Gaz lourd, inerte, sans saveur, couleur ou odeur. Allemagne
Francium)M
tal tr
s rare et instable (radioactif).
France
Radium
tal argent
s radioactif.
France
Actinium
tal argent
s radioactif.
France
Thorium9M
tal gris, lourd, mou, mall
able et ductile, radioactif.
Protactinium4M
tal gris-blanc, tr
s rare, extr
mement radioactif.
Angleterre/France
Uranium7M
tal argent
, dense, ductile et mall
able, radioactif. Allemagne
Neptunium"M
tal argent
, rare et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Plutonium9M
tal produit artificiellement, argent
s radioactif.
U.S.A.
Americium4M
tal produit artificiellement, argent
, radioactif.
U.S.A.
Curium4M
tal mall
able, argent
, synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
nfnflrfzvlrrpn
Berkelium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Californium<M
tal synth
tique et radioactif. Forte
mission de neutrons.
U.S.A.
Einsteinium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Fermium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Mendelevium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Nobelium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
Lawrencium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Rutherfordium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Hahnium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
U.S.A.
Seaborgium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif.
Russie/U.S.A.
Nielsbohrium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif. Allemagne
Hessium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif. Allemagne
Meitnerium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif. Allemagne
Ununnilium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif. Allemagne
Unununium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif. Allemagne
Ununbium M
tal synth
tique et radioactif. Allemagne
Langue
NumAtom
NumAtom
NumAtom
Langue
NumAtom
Hydrogen
Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas. The most abundant element in the universe. Tenth most abundant element in the earth's crust.
England
Helium
Light, odorless, colorless, tasteless inert gas. Second most abundant element in the universe. Sixth most abundant in the earth's atmosphere.
Scotland/Sweden
Lithium]Soft silvery-white metal. Lightest of metals. Accounts for only 0.0007% of the earth's crust.
Sweden
BerylliumuHard, brittle, steel-gray metal. Lightest rigid metal. Formerly called glucinium (Gl) for its sweet but deadly taste.
Germany/France
Boron|Hard, brittle, lustrous black semimetal. Exists in the earth's crust at an average proportion of about 10 parts per million.
England/France
Carbon\Allotropic forms include diamonds and graphite. Sixth most abundant element in the universe.
Nitrogen
Colorless, odorless, tasteless, generally inert gas. Fifth most abundant element in the universe. Makes up about 78% of earth's atmosphere.
Scotland
Oxygen
Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; pale blue liquid. Third most abundant element in the universe. It is the most abundant element in the earth's crust, and makes almost 21% of its atmosphere.
England/Sweden
FluorineaGreenish-yellow, pungent, corrosive gas. Extremely reactive. Does not occur uncombined in nature.
France
Colorless, odorless, tasteless inert gas. Fourth most abundant element in the universe and fifth most abundant in the earth's atmosphere (18.18 ppm).
England
SodiumvSoft silvery-white metal. Sixth most abundant element in the earth's crust. Burns in air with a brilliant white flame.
England
Magnesium
Lightweight, malleable, silvery-white metal. Eighth most abundant element in the universe. Seventh most abundant element in the earth's crust.
England
AluminiumYSoft, lightweight, silvery-white metal. Third most abundant element in the earth's crust.
Denmark
Silicon
Amorphous form is brown powder; crystalline form has gray metallic appearance. Seventh most abundant element in the universe. Second most plentiful element in the earth's crust.
Sweden
PhosphorusISoft white waxy phosphorescent solid, brownish-red powder or black solid.
Germany
Sulphur]Tasteless, odorless, pale yellow, brittle solid. Tenth most abundant element in the universe.
ChlorineFGreenish-yellow, disagreeable gas. Never found in free form in nature.
Sweden
Argon
Colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas. It is the third most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere and makes up about 1%.
Scotland
PotassiumySoft, waxy, silver-white metal. Eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust (20,900 ppm). Occurs only in compounds.
England
CalciumzFairly hard, silvery-white metal. Fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust (41,500 ppm). Occurs only in compounds.
England
ScandiumiFairly soft, silvery-white metal. Eighth most abundant 'rare earth' found in the earth's crust (5.0 ppm).
Sweden
Titanium
Shiny, dark-gray metal. Ninth most abundant element in the earth's crust (5700 ppm). It can be highly polished, and is relatively immune to tarnishing.
England
Vanadium{Soft, ductile, silvery-white metal. Resistant to corrosion by moisture, air and most acids and alkalis at room temperature.
Sweden
Chromium
Very hard, crystalline, steel-gray metal. The pure metal has a blue-white color. It is hard, brittle and corrsion-resistant at normal temperatures.
France
ManganeseSHard, brittle, gray-white metal with a pinkish tinge. Rusts like iron in moist air.
Sweden
Malleable, ductile, silvery-white metal. Fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust (56,300 ppm). Ninth most abundant element in the universe.
Cobalt
Hard, ductile, lustrous bluish-gray metal. Exists in the earth's curst in cocentrations of about 25 ppm. It has remarkable magnetic properties.
Sweden
Nickel
Hard, malleable, silvery-white metal. Found in the earth's crust in portions averaging 70 ppm. It can be polished to a lustrous finish. Virtually no corrosion under normal conditions.
Sweden
Copper(Malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal.
Bluish-silver, ductile metal.
Germany
Gallium
Soft, blue-white metal.
France
Germanium
Grayish-white metal.
Germany
Arsenic
Steel-gray, brittle semi-metal.
SeleniumUSoft metalloid similar to sulfur. Ranges from gray metallic to red glassy appearance.
Atoms contain even smaller units calles SUBATOMIC PARTICLES. Scientists have found more than 200 of these. Some exist for only a tiny fraction of a second. Others are stable and do not break down easily. Protons, neutrons and electrons are stable particles.
ABAll plants and animals need nitrogen, presented in proteins and nucleid acids. Most living things, however, cannot use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere.
(1) Nitrogen in the air.
(2) Nitrogen in atmosphere is trapped by some plant roots.
(3) Plants use nitrogen for making proteins.
(4) Animals eat plant proteins.
(5) The proteins in dead organisms and in body wastes are converted to ammonia by bacteria and fungi.
(7) Artificial nitrates added to soil as fertilizers. When too much is added, water supplies become polluted with nitrates.
(8) Plants absorb the nitrates.
e stable particles.
%CCarbon compounds make up the living tissues of all plants and animals. The carbon cycle is the circulation of carbon between living organisms and their surroundings. It describes the processes which increase and decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment.
(1) Carbon dioxide is in the air.
(2) It is breathed in, or absorbed by plants.
(3) Animals eat the plants.
(4) Carbon dioxide is breathed out as waste by plants and animals.
(5) Dead plants and animals are broken down by bacteria.
(6) Bacteria convert the carbon compounds to carbon dioxide and the cycle starts again.
(7) The remains of living organisms which have been dead a long time and microscopic organisms form fossil fuels. When burnt, carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere.
(8) Volcanoes release carbon dioxide into the air.
OAis a vital part of life on Earth. All living things need oxygen to live and breathe.
(1) Oxygene is in the air.
(2) The oxygen is breathed in by animals.
(3) It is breathed out as carbon dioxide.
(4) The carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants which combine it with water to make food.
(5) Plants release the surplus oxygen into the air.
ASulphur is an important part of every almost protein.
(1) Sulphates, or sulphur-oxygen compounds, are absorbed by plant roots.
(2) The oxygen in the sulphates is replaced by hydrogen in a plant process making amino acids.
(3) Animals eat the plants.
(4) In dead animals and plants the amino acids which contain sulphur are broken down by decomposer micro-organisms to obtain hydrogen sulphide.
(5) Bacteria extracts sulphur from sulphides.
(6) Other bacteria combine sulphur with oxygen to produce sulphates.
Ais made of two or more elements chemically joined to form a new substance which has different qualities from the element which produced it. Water is a compound. It is liquid made from two elements, HYDROGEN and OXYGEN. In a compound the proportions of the elements are always the same.
SOLUTION: of two or more substances which cannot be separated by using mechanical methods such as filtering. It can be solid, liquid or a gas.
SUSPENSION: mixture where one substance spreads evenly through another without dissolving. It includes solids in liquids or gases, gases in liquids and liquids in gases.
EMULSION: liquid which is evenly spread through another liquid. Droplets of one liquid are evenly spread in the but in time the two separate.
ATwo or more atoms joined together form a molecule. The atoms may come from the same element or from different elements. Molecules that contain atoms from two or more elements make a compound. When a molecule is broken down it splits into the atoms of the elements from which it was made. Molecules can be made of two atoms or thousands of atoms, i.e. an oxygen molecule has two atoms but a rubber molecule has between 13000 and 65000 atoms.
AThe number of neutrons in an atom can vary without the element changing identity. Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus are called an element's isotopes. A neutron is electrically neutral as it carries no charge. It has a mass of 1.6748x10-27 kg.
APERIODS
Each element is shown by its symbol in the table. The elements are arranged in seven rows called PERIODS. They are read from left to right and show a progression from metals to non-metals. HYDROGEN does not belong to any of these classes.
Elements are arranged in the periods according to their atomic number, from 1 to 103. This appears in the top left corner of the box. The number states how many protons are in the element's nucleus.
_AEach column in the table is a group, read vertically. It contains elements with similar properties. There are eight major groups of elements, arranged according to how many electrons, negatively charged particles, are in the outer shell of the atom. Elements have between 1 and 8 electrons in the outer shell. Elements in each group behave similarly.
AAlkali metals:
Lithium, sodium, pottassum, rubidium, caesium and francium are the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. Alkali metals are so reactive that they are stored in oil to protect them from oxygen and water vapour in the air. Their melting and boiling point are low for metals, they float in water and they can be cut with a knife. They react with water to form alkaline solutions.
dAAlkaline-earth metals
The elements in group 2 are beryllium, magnesium, calcium strontium, barium and radium. These elements are greyish-white in colour. They are malleable although varying in hardness. The alkaline-earth metals have a pair of electrons on the outermost shell which can be removed from their atoms relatively easily to form positive ions.
AHalogens
elements in Group 7. They are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. They are so reactive they never occur free in nature. Instead, they are found combined with metals in salts such as sodium chloride. This has led to them being called halogene or salt-formers. They occur in compounds with negative ions. Astatine is the other element in the group that does not occur in nature.
BCarbon
Carbon is an important element. It is a nonmetallic element and forms only 0.2 per cent of the earth's crust. Carbon is found naturally both in pure form and in combination with other elements. It occurs in three forms: diamond, graphite, charcoal. In diamond the carbon atoms are arranged regulary in a framework. Each atom is surrounded by four others producing a strong crystal structure and making diamond the hardest substance known. In graphite each atom is surrounded by three others. This produces a layer pattern, and makes graphit soft. Charcoal has a non-regular structure.
Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry and all living systems.
PALanthanide and actinide series
The two bottom rows of the table (57-71, 89-103) are lanthanides and actinides. They are shown separately because their properties are so similar that they only cover two elements on the main table. Lanthanides are rare metallic elements. Actinides are chemically similar to them. Uranium is an actinide.
9AA proton is part of the nucleus ( the central core) of an atom. An electron is identified by the number of protons in the atom = atomic number. If an atom gains or loses a proton, it becomes an atom of a different element. A proton has a positive electrical charge of one unit. It has a mass of 1.6726x 10-27 kg.
Table1
Titre
Contenu
Arial
Arial
Table1
ColA12
ColB12
ColA13
ColB13
`JJJJe
Mixture
is made from two or more substances which have not been chemically joined. Each element can be separated without a chemical change. A mixture can have ingrediants in any portion.
Molecules
Neutron
Periodic Table
General
It was devised in 1869 by the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev. The table groups elements into seven lines or periods. As we read from left to right the elements become less metallic. The elements in each vertical group have similar chemical properties.
Periodic Table
Grouping the Elements
Periodic Table
Groups (1)
Periodic Table
Groups (2)
Periodic Table
Groups (3)
Periodic Table
Groups (4)
Periodic Table
Groups (5)
Noble gases
Group 8 contains very unreactive elements. This group includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. They are all colourless gases at room temperature, with low melting and boiling points. They all exist as separate single atoms.
Periodic Table
Groups (6)
Periodic Table
Groups (7)
Transition elements
atom nos. 21-30, 40-48, 72-80. Each element differs from its neighbor in another numbered period by the number of electrons in its next to outer electron shell.
Periodic Table
Groups (8)
Protons
Solids
A solid takes up a specific amount of space. Its molecules cannot move around freely, although they are not completely still. A solid will not alter its shape unless it is forced to do so.
?AElectrons move around the nucleus of an atom at high speed. The arrangement of electrons in an atom determines the element}s chemical behaviour. An electron has a negative charge of 1 unit. Atoms are electrically neutral as they have the same number of electrons and protons. An electron has a mass of 9.1096x10-31 kg.
BCombustion
rapid burning that occurs when oxygen combines quickly with another substance
Corrosion
happens on metal surfaces which react to air, chemicals or moisture.
Destructive distillation
decomposing substances in a closed container
Digestion
In animals this involves the breakdown of food by protein catalysts calles enzymes.
Dissociation
the braek-up of a compound's molecules into simpler ingrediants which may be recombined.
Electrolysis
occurs when an electric current passed through a liquid breaks up its parts.
Fermentation
a change to organic substances caused by enzymes.
Oxidation
occurs when a substance loses electrons. These are gained by another substance, which undergoes reduction. The two reactions occur together (redox reaction)
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Literature used
The text and expressions of the following data are taken with many thanks from
COLLINS GEM ENCYCLOPEDIA
HarperCollins Publishers, Glasgow, 1993, ISBN 0 00 470371 5.
Brought by Eberhard Rompf to the Series 5 data file format for ChemTools users.
Atomic Structure
Atoms
is a minute unit of matter. Everything around us is made od atoms. They are the smallest units that can take part in a chemical reaction to produce a chemical change. They do not vary much in size but they do vary in weight.
Biochemical Cycles
General
The Earth's resources are constantly being used and reused. Biochemical changes recycle some of the elements required by living things.
Biochemical Cycles
The carbon cycle
Biochemical Cycles
The nitrogen cycle
Biochemical Cycles
The oxygen cycle
Biochemical Cycles
The sulphur cycle
Chemical reactions
Common reactions
Compound
Electron
Element
a single substance which cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances. There are 90 elements which occur naturally, another 20 have been produced artificially but not all of these have been recognized.
Examples of mixtures
A gas does not have a specific shape or size. Its molecules can move around completely freely so a gas will spread out to fill a container.
LiquidsaA liquid occupies a specific amount of space but, unlike a solid, it can alter its shape easily.
MATTERGMatter on Earth is made up of atoms forming solids, liquids and gases.
"Data.appb@
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ALes informations et donn
es rassembl
es dans ce fichier sont tir
es de :
COLLINS GEM ENCYCLOPEDIA
HarperCollins Publishers, Glasgow, 1993, ISBN 0 00 470371 5.
Saisi et converti au format "fiches" EPOC32 par Eberhard Rompf pour une utilisation avec ChemTools.
Les atomes contiennent des unit
s de plus petites taille que l'on qualifie de particules SUB ATOMIQUES. Les scientifiques en ont d
pertori
plus de 200. Certaines n'existent que pendant queques minuscules fractions de secondes alors que d'autres sont stables et difficiles
truire". Les protons, neutrons et
lectrons, sont les plus connues et font partie des particules stables.
ACe sont de minuscules entit
s de mati
re. Tout ce qui nous entoure est constitu
d'atomes. C'est la plus petite entit
qui peut intervenir dans une r
action chimique. Leur variation de taille n'est pas tr
s signifiactive
l'oppos
de leur variation de masse.
zCLes compos
base de carbone constituent la base de toutes les plantes et animaux. Le cycle du carbone correspond
la circulation de cet
ment entre les organismes vivants et leur environnement. Il suit les processus qui font augmenter ou descendre la quantit
de dioxyde de carbone dans l'environnem ent.
(1) Le CO2 est dans l'air.
(2) Il est inspir
ou absorb
par les plantes.
(3) Les animaux mangent les plantes.
(4) Le CO2 est expir
comme "d
chet" par les animaux ou les plantes.
(5) Les animaux ou plantes morts sont d
compos
s par des bact
ries.
(6) Les bact
ries convertissent les d
s du carbone en CO2 et le cycle recommence.
(7) Les restes de ces organismes morts depuis une longue p
riode et certains organismes microscopiques forment des combustibles fossiles. Ces derniers brul
s rejoignent l'atmosph
re sous forme de CO2.
(8) Les volcans lib
rent du CO2 dans l'air.
BToutes les plantes et tous les animaux ont bezoin d'azote, il se pr
sente sous forme de prot
ines ou d'acides nucl
iques. Cependant, la plupart des esp
ces vivantes ne peuvent pas utiliser directement l'azote de l'atmosph
(1) L'azote est dans l'air.
(2) L'azote est caputr
par les racines des plantes.
(3) Les plantes utilisent cet azote pour produire des prot
ines.
(4) Les animaux mangent les plantes avec les prot
ines qu'elles contiennent.
(5) Les prot
ines contenues dans les organismes morts et dans leurs rejets sont converties en ammoniac par des bact
ries ou champignons...
(7) Les nitrates artificiels sont ajout
s aux sols comme engrais. Lorsqu'il y en a trop, l'eau est poll
e par ces nitrates.
(8) Les plante sabsorbent les nitrates.
AL'oxyg
ne est un
ment essentiel de la vie sur terre. La plupart des organismes ont besoin d'oxyg
ne pour vivre, et respirer.
(1) L'oxyg
ne est pr
sent dans l'air.
(2) L'oxyg
ne est inhal
par les animaux.
(3) Il es rejet
sous forme de dioxyde de carbone.
(4) Le CO2 est absorb
par les plantes qui le combinent avec de l'eau pour se nourrir.
(5) Les plantes lib
rent le surplus d'oxyg
ne dans l'air.
CCombustion
combustion rapide qui intervient lorsque de l'oxyg
ne (comburant) se combine rapidement avec une autre substance, le combustible.
Corrosion
elle apparait sur les surfaces m
talliques qui r
agissent avec l'air, certains produits chimiques, ou l'humidit
Destructive distillation
composition de substances dans un vase clos.
Digestion
Chez les animaux, cel
implique la d
gradation des nutriments en pr
sence de catalyseurs, les enzymes..
Dissociation
paration de mol
cules en unit
s plus petites pouvant
etre ercombin
Electrolyse
elle apparait quand un courant
lectrique passe dans un fluide et induit des ruptures de es constituants..
Fermentation
changement de substances organiques caus
par des enzymes.
Oxydation
intervient quand une substance perd des
lectrons. Ces derniers sont r
s par une autre substance qui subit la r
action inverse : la r
duction. Ces deux r
actions ayant lieu em m
eme temps sont couramment appel
es : oxydo-r
duction.
SOLUTION: de deux substances ou plus, qui ne peuvent etre s
s en utilisant des moyens m
caniques tels que la filtration. Elles peuvent etre gazeuses ou liquides mais aussi solides.
SUSPENSION: m
lange dans lequel une des substance est dispers
e uniform
ment au milieu de l'autre. Cette classification inclut les : solides dans liquides ou gaz, gaz dans liquides, et liquides ddans gaz..
EMULSION: liquide r
parti uniform
ment dans un autre liquide. Les deux liquides peuvent se dissocieravec le temps.
BDeux atomes ou plus li
s chimiquement forment une mol
cule. Les atomes peuvent
etre du m
ment ou de plusieurs
ments diff
rents. Les mol
cules qui contiennent deux
ments ou plus forment un compos
. Lorsqu'une mol
cule est bris
e, elle se s
pare en les atomes ou sous mol
cules qui la constituaient. Les mol
cules peuvent
etre constitu
es de deux atomes
plusieurs milliers ; par exemple, le dioxyg
ne de l'air contien deux atomes d'oxyg
ne et un caoutchouc peut contenir entre 13000 et 65000 atomes par mol
cule.
=ALes protons font partie du noyau (le coeur central d'un atome). Un atome est caract
par le nombre de protons qu'il contient (son num
ro atomique).
Si un atome gagne ou perd un proton, il se transforme en un autre
ment. Le proton a une charge
lectrique positive de une unit
et une masse de 1.6726x 10-27 kg.
dAIl a
tabli pour la premi
re fois en 1869 par le chimiste Russe Dimitri Mendeleyev. Ce tableau rassemble les
ments en 7 lignes (ou p
riodes). Lorsqu'on le parcourt de la gauche vers la droite, les
ments ont un caract
re de moins en moins m
tallique. Tous les
ments appartenant
la m
eme colonne poss
dent des propri
s chimiques similaires.
APeriodes
Chaque
ment est d
fini par son symbole chimique. Les
ments sont dispos
s dans 7 lignes constituant les p
riodes. On les lit de gauche
droite, leur caract
tallique diminue sur une p
riode. Seul l'hydrog
ne, premier
ment chimique, est
part et n'appartient
aucune de ces classes.
ments sont plac
s dans une p
riode en fonction de leur num
ro atomique, ce dernier indique le nombre de protons contenus dans le noyau.
AChaque colonne de la classification p
riodique constitue un groupe que l'on lit verticalement de haut en bas. Il contient des
ments dont les propri
s sont similaires. Il y a huit groupes principaux caract
s par le nombre d'
lectrons pr
sents dans leur derni
re couche
lectronique ; les
ments chimiques ont entre 1 et 8
lectrons dans cette couche externe. Les
ments de chaque groupe se comportent de mani
re similaire.
ALes m
taux alcalins :
Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium et francium sont les
ments du groupe 1. Les m
taux alcalins sont tellement r
actifs qu'on les conserve dans de l'huile pour les prot
ger de l'oxyg
ne et de la vapeur d'eau contenus dans l'air. Leurs points de fusion et d'
bullition sont relativement bas pour des m
taux ; ils flottent dans l'eau et on peut les couper au couteau. Ils r
agissent avec l'eau pour former des solutions alcalines (basiques).
taux alcalino-terreux :
ments du deuxi
me groupe sont : le beryllium, le magnesium, le calcium, le strontium, le barium et le radium. Ces
ments sont blanc-gris.
Ils sont mall
ables mais de duret
gale. Les m
taux alcaalino-terreux ont deux
lectrons sur leur couche externe. Ces derniers peuvent
etre arrach
s facilement pour former des ions positifs de charge +2.
EALes halog
nes :
ments du groupe 7 : fluor, chlore brome, iode et astate sont si r
actifs qu'ils n'apparaissent jamais sous leur forme pure dans la nature. On les trouve combin
des m
taux sous forme de sels tels que le chlorure de sodium. Ils apparaissent dans ces compos
s sous forme d'ions n
gatifs de charge -1.
"AGaz nobles (gaz rares) :
Le groupe 8contient les
ments les moins r
actifs : l'h
lium, le n
on, l'argon, le krypton, le x
non et le radon. Ce sont tous des gaz incolores
temp
rature ambiante avec des points de fusion et
bullition tr
s bas. Ils existent tous sous forment monoatomique.
BLe carbone :
Le carbon est un
ment important.
C'est un no m
tal qui entre seulement pour 0,2% de la composition de la croute terrestre. Le carbone se trouve naturellement pur ou combin
d'autres
ments. Ses trois formes principalesd sont : le diamant, le graphite, et le charbon. Dans le diamant, les atomes de carbone sont arrang
s de mani
re en un r
seau. Chaque atome est entour
de quatre autres atomes, cr
ant ainsi une structure cristalline tr
s robuste, le mat
riau le plus dur connu. DSans le graphite, chaque atome de carbone est entour
de trois autres. Ceci cr
e un motif plat et rend le graphite tr
s doux et lubrifiant. Le charbon est une structure irr
re. Le charbon est la base de la chime organique et des
etres vivants.
nALes Lanthanides et actinides :
Ce sont les deux lignes inf
rieures de la classification p
riodique (57-71, 89-103). Ces deux s
ries sont repr
ment car leurs propri
s sont similaires. Ils appartiennent
la sixi
me et
la 7
riode. Les lanthanides et actinides sont des
ments m
talliques qualifi
es de terres rares. L'uranium est un actinide.
lange
lange est form
de deux substance ou plus qui ne sont pas chimiquement li
Chaque
ment peut etre s
sans subir de changement chimique. Un m
lange peut contenir ses ingr
dients en toutes proportions.
cules
Neutron
Le nombre de neutrons dans un atome peut varier sans que l'
ment ne change. Les diff
rentes formes d'un
ment contenant un nombre de neutrons diff
rent sont appel
es les isotopes. Le neutron est une particule neutre dont la masse est 1.6748x10-27 kg.
Tableau p
riodique
ralit
Tableau p
riodique
Classement des
lements
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (1)
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (2)
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (3)
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (4)
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (5)
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (6)"
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (7)
Les m
taux de transition :
Ce sont les atomes de num
ro atomique : 21-30, 40-48, 72-80. Chacun de ces
ments diff
re de son voisin (d'une autre p
riode) par le nombre d'
lectrons pr
sents dans ses deux derni
res couches
lectroniques.
Tableau p
riodique
Groupes (8)
Protons
Solides
Un solide occupe un espace d
fini. Ses mol
cules ne peuvent pas se d
placer librement, m
eme si elles ne sont pas compl
tement immobiles. Un solide ne changera pas de forme
moins d'y
etre forc
par une action externe.
BLe soufre est un constituant important de la plupart des prot
ines.
(1) Les sulfatesn ou les compos
s d'oxyg
ne et de soufre sont absorb
s par les racines des plantes..
(2) L'oxyg
ne des sulfates est remplac
par de l'hydrog
ne dans une des transformations de la plante fabriquant des acides amin
(3) Les animaux mangent les plantes.
(4) Dans les animaux ou plantes morts, les acides amin
s contenant du soufre sont d
s par des microorganismes, produisant ainsi du sulphure d'hydrog
(5) Des bact
ries extrayent le soufre du sulfure d'hydrog
(6) D'autres bact
ries combinent le soufre avec de l'oxyg
ne et produisent des sulfates.
SAil est constitu
d'un ou deux
ments li
s chimiquement et formant ainsi une nouvelle substance qui a des propri
s diff
rentes de celles des
ments qui le composent. L'eau en est un exemple : c'est un liquide constitu
de deux
ments, l'hydrog
ne et l'oxyg
ne. Dans un compos
, les proportions des
ments sont toujours les memes.
oALes
lectrons se d
placent autour du noyau d'un atome,
s grande vitesse. L'agencement des
lectrons dans un atome d
termine ses proprui
s chimiques. Un
lectron a une charge n
gative de une unit
. Les atomes
tat fondamental sont
lectriquement neutres : il contiennet autant de protons que d'
lectrons. L'
lectron a une masse unitaire de 9.1096x10-31 kg.
rence
Structure atomique
Atomes
Cycles Biochimiques
ralit
Les ressources de la terre sont constamment utilis
es et r
utilis
es. Les changements biochimiques mettent en jeu un recyclage de certains
ments n
cessaires aux esp
ces vivantes.
Cycles Biochimiques
Le cycle du carbone
Cycles Biochimiques
Le cycle de l'azote!
Cycles Biochimiques
Le cycle de l'oxyg
Cycles Biochimiques
Le cycle du soufre
actions chimiques
Reactions de base
Compos
Electron
c'est une substance simple qui ne peut
etre chimiquement dissoci
e en en d'autres substances plus simples. Il y a 90
ments qui apparaissent naturellement plus une vingtaine qui ont
produits artificiellement mais il n'ont pas
tous d
Examples de m
langes
Un gaz n'a pas de forme ou taille sp
cifique.
Les mol
cules qui le constituent se d
placent librement et remplissent uniform
ment tout l'espace qui leur est accord
LiquidesuUn liquide occupe un espace sp
cifique, contrairement au solide, sa forme n'est pas fixe et peut changer facilement.
MATIERENLa mati
re est constitu
e d'atomes qui forment des solides, liquides ou gaz..
"Data.app
Atoms contain even smaller units calles SUBATOMIC PARTICLES. Scientists have found more than 200 of these. Some exist for only a tiny fraction of a second. Others are stable and do not break down easily. Protons, neutrons and electrons are stable particles.
ABAll plants and animals need nitrogen, presented in proteins and nucleid acids. Most living things, however, cannot use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere.
(1) Nitrogen in the air.
(2) Nitrogen in atmosphere is trapped by some plant roots.
(3) Plants use nitrogen for making proteins.
(4) Animals eat plant proteins.
(5) The proteins in dead organisms and in body wastes are converted to ammonia by bacteria and fungi.
(7) Artificial nitrates added to soil as fertilizers. When too much is added, water supplies become polluted with nitrates.
(8) Plants absorb the nitrates.
e stable particles.
%CCarbon compounds make up the living tissues of all plants and animals. The carbon cycle is the circulation of carbon between living organisms and their surroundings. It describes the processes which increase and decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment.
(1) Carbon dioxide is in the air.
(2) It is breathed in, or absorbed by plants.
(3) Animals eat the plants.
(4) Carbon dioxide is breathed out as waste by plants and animals.
(5) Dead plants and animals are broken down by bacteria.
(6) Bacteria convert the carbon compounds to carbon dioxide and the cycle starts again.
(7) The remains of living organisms which have been dead a long time and microscopic organisms form fossil fuels. When burnt, carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere.
(8) Volcanoes release carbon dioxide into the air.
OAis a vital part of life on Earth. All living things need oxygen to live and breathe.
(1) Oxygene is in the air.
(2) The oxygen is breathed in by animals.
(3) It is breathed out as carbon dioxide.
(4) The carbon dioxide is absorbed by plants which combine it with water to make food.
(5) Plants release the surplus oxygen into the air.
ASulphur is an important part of every almost protein.
(1) Sulphates, or sulphur-oxygen compounds, are absorbed by plant roots.
(2) The oxygen in the sulphates is replaced by hydrogen in a plant process making amino acids.
(3) Animals eat the plants.
(4) In dead animals and plants the amino acids which contain sulphur are broken down by decomposer micro-organisms to obtain hydrogen sulphide.
(5) Bacteria extracts sulphur from sulphides.
(6) Other bacteria combine sulphur with oxygen to produce sulphates.
Ais made of two or more elements chemically joined to form a new substance which has different qualities from the element which produced it. Water is a compound. It is liquid made from two elements, HYDROGEN and OXYGEN. In a compound the proportions of the elements are always the same.
SOLUTION: of two or more substances which cannot be separated by using mechanical methods such as filtering. It can be solid, liquid or a gas.
SUSPENSION: mixture where one substance spreads evenly through another without dissolving. It includes solids in liquids or gases, gases in liquids and liquids in gases.
EMULSION: liquid which is evenly spread through another liquid. Droplets of one liquid are evenly spread in the but in time the two separate.
ATwo or more atoms joined together form a molecule. The atoms may come from the same element or from different elements. Molecules that contain atoms from two or more elements make a compound. When a molecule is broken down it splits into the atoms of the elements from which it was made. Molecules can be made of two atoms or thousands of atoms, i.e. an oxygen molecule has two atoms but a rubber molecule has between 13000 and 65000 atoms.
AThe number of neutrons in an atom can vary without the element changing identity. Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus are called an element's isotopes. A neutron is electrically neutral as it carries no charge. It has a mass of 1.6748x10-27 kg.
APERIODS
Each element is shown by its symbol in the table. The elements are arranged in seven rows called PERIODS. They are read from left to right and show a progression from metals to non-metals. HYDROGEN does not belong to any of these classes.
Elements are arranged in the periods according to their atomic number, from 1 to 103. This appears in the top left corner of the box. The number states how many protons are in the element's nucleus.
_AEach column in the table is a group, read vertically. It contains elements with similar properties. There are eight major groups of elements, arranged according to how many electrons, negatively charged particles, are in the outer shell of the atom. Elements have between 1 and 8 electrons in the outer shell. Elements in each group behave similarly.
AAlkali metals:
Lithium, sodium, pottassum, rubidium, caesium and francium are the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. Alkali metals are so reactive that they are stored in oil to protect them from oxygen and water vapour in the air. Their melting and boiling point are low for metals, they float in water and they can be cut with a knife. They react with water to form alkaline solutions.
dAAlkaline-earth metals
The elements in group 2 are beryllium, magnesium, calcium strontium, barium and radium. These elements are greyish-white in colour. They are malleable although varying in hardness. The alkaline-earth metals have a pair of electrons on the outermost shell which can be removed from their atoms relatively easily to form positive ions.
AHalogens
elements in Group 7. They are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. They are so reactive they never occur free in nature. Instead, they are found combined with metals in salts such as sodium chloride. This has led to them being called halogene or salt-formers. They occur in compounds with negative ions. Astatine is the other element in the group that does not occur in nature.
BCarbon
Carbon is an important element. It is a nonmetallic element and forms only 0.2 per cent of the earth's crust. Carbon is found naturally both in pure form and in combination with other elements. It occurs in three forms: diamond, graphite, charcoal. In diamond the carbon atoms are arranged regulary in a framework. Each atom is surrounded by four others producing a strong crystal structure and making diamond the hardest substance known. In graphite each atom is surrounded by three others. This produces a layer pattern, and makes graphit soft. Charcoal has a non-regular structure.
Carbon is the basis of organic chemistry and all living systems.
PALanthanide and actinide series
The two bottom rows of the table (57-71, 89-103) are lanthanides and actinides. They are shown separately because their properties are so similar that they only cover two elements on the main table. Lanthanides are rare metallic elements. Actinides are chemically similar to them. Uranium is an actinide.
9AA proton is part of the nucleus ( the central core) of an atom. An electron is identified by the number of protons in the atom = atomic number. If an atom gains or loses a proton, it becomes an atom of a different element. A proton has a positive electrical charge of one unit. It has a mass of 1.6726x 10-27 kg.
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Mixture
is made from two or more substances which have not been chemically joined. Each element can be separated without a chemical change. A mixture can have ingrediants in any portion.
Molecules
Neutron
Periodic Table
General
It was devised in 1869 by the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev. The table groups elements into seven lines or periods. As we read from left to right the elements become less metallic. The elements in each vertical group have similar chemical properties.
Periodic Table
Grouping the Elements
Periodic Table
Groups (1)
Periodic Table
Groups (2)
Periodic Table
Groups (3)
Periodic Table
Groups (4)
Periodic Table
Groups (5)
Noble gases
Group 8 contains very unreactive elements. This group includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. They are all colourless gases at room temperature, with low melting and boiling points. They all exist as separate single atoms.
Periodic Table
Groups (6)
Periodic Table
Groups (7)
Transition elements
atom nos. 21-30, 40-48, 72-80. Each element differs from its neighbor in another numbered period by the number of electrons in its next to outer electron shell.
Periodic Table
Groups (8)
Protons
Solids
A solid takes up a specific amount of space. Its molecules cannot move around freely, although they are not completely still. A solid will not alter its shape unless it is forced to do so.
?AElectrons move around the nucleus of an atom at high speed. The arrangement of electrons in an atom determines the element}s chemical behaviour. An electron has a negative charge of 1 unit. Atoms are electrically neutral as they have the same number of electrons and protons. An electron has a mass of 9.1096x10-31 kg.
BCombustion
rapid burning that occurs when oxygen combines quickly with another substance
Corrosion
happens on metal surfaces which react to air, chemicals or moisture.
Destructive distillation
decomposing substances in a closed container
Digestion
In animals this involves the breakdown of food by protein catalysts calles enzymes.
Dissociation
the braek-up of a compound's molecules into simpler ingrediants which may be recombined.
Electrolysis
occurs when an electric current passed through a liquid breaks up its parts.
Fermentation
a change to organic substances caused by enzymes.
Oxidation
occurs when a substance loses electrons. These are gained by another substance, which undergoes reduction. The two reactions occur together (redox reaction)
^b^`^&&
Literature used
The text and expressions of the following data are taken with many thanks from
COLLINS GEM ENCYCLOPEDIA
HarperCollins Publishers, Glasgow, 1993, ISBN 0 00 470371 5.
Brought by Eberhard Rompf to the Series 5 data file format for ChemTools users.
Atomic Structure
Atoms
is a minute unit of matter. Everything around us is made od atoms. They are the smallest units that can take part in a chemical reaction to produce a chemical change. They do not vary much in size but they do vary in weight.
Biochemical Cycles
General
The Earth's resources are constantly being used and reused. Biochemical changes recycle some of the elements required by living things.
Biochemical Cycles
The carbon cycle
Biochemical Cycles
The nitrogen cycle
Biochemical Cycles
The oxygen cycle
Biochemical Cycles
The sulphur cycle
Chemical reactions
Common reactions
Compound
Electron
Element
a single substance which cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances. There are 90 elements which occur naturally, another 20 have been produced artificially but not all of these have been recognized.
Examples of mixtures
A gas does not have a specific shape or size. Its molecules can move around completely freely so a gas will spread out to fill a container.
LiquidsaA liquid occupies a specific amount of space but, unlike a solid, it can alter its shape easily.
MATTERGMatter on Earth is made up of atoms forming solids, liquids and gases.
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YA Although this program was extensively tested, it still might contain some bugs. If you find one, please let me know immediately, so I can fix it quickly.
However, you use this program for your own risk, and I shall not accept any liability for any data loss, software or hardware problems as a direct or indirect result of using this program.
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Other programs!
998/B
A I keenly encourage all the chemists who own an EPOC32 based palmtop to contact me. If you use this program, please let me know. I will be interested in any idea you give me to add features or databases to the future releases of ChemTools. Any "interesting feedback/collaboration might be rewarded by a "friendly licence" which will turn your version of the program to a fully functional one (plugins allowed) with a 60 days evaluation period.
BMain window :
The shortcuts concerning the menu functions are displayed in it.
Enter : Displays more properties.
i : Displays the isotopes.
x : Displays the RX properties.
h : Displays the historical.
e : Displays the complete element record.
p : Launchs the plugin quick launch popup menu.
Esc : Brings ChemTools to background.
Arrows : they allow you to move in any direction in the periodic table.
Graph window :
Left and right arrows : move on the atomic number axis.
Spacebar : copy the current element information to the log buffer.
Esc : quit.
User DB editing window :
Left and right arrows : move like the buttons "previous" and "next".
a..z : Jumps to the first record beginning by the specified letter.
Esc : quit.
BI can be reached through several ways:
E-mail: chemtools@altern.org
Attention : for any bug/problem report, please mention the version you are using and check on my homepage for a possible update.
Homepage: http://www.chez.com/chemtools
Here you can always find the latest version of my programs.
Snail mail:
Guillaume Sabouraud
3, rue d'Assas
75006 Paris
FRANCE
Telephone : +33 (0)6 80 94 11 43
Fax : +33 (0)6 80 94 11 53
SMS : 0680941143@sms.itineris.tm.fr (160 characters maximum, free of charge)
NOTE: This home address is very likely to change in the near future. Always check my home page or simply send me an email to get the most recent one.
hC The features I would like to add are : a print function for the log, bugs fixing, and a few simple functions. Of course, if you are a registered user, you have the right to ask for features you wish to include in the main program.
Here are some of my plans:
*For the periodic Table :
*Chemistry oriented calculus plugins :
-Equations equilibrium.
-Calculus of percent ionic character.
*Other databases :
-(pK, redox potentials, ...)
-Electrodes potentials.
Plugins :
-Calculus on pH (buffer solutions,...), titration simulations,... all using the pK database.
-External ASCII data import/conversion/treatment/export : plotting and smoothing, derivatives, integrates,... The only limitations to the applications would only be your imagination and would certainly not be limited for a chemistry use !
-Calculus in electrochemistry...
-Chemical structure drawing !
BFrom the same author :
ChemTools_LE
Light freeware version of ChemTools with less features.
MWTcalc (macro)
Chemistry macro for Macro5 by Pascal Nicolas:
Useful complement for ChemTools and ChemTools_LE, it allows you to compute the average molecular weight of a molecule but with less features than the tool included in ChemTools. This program can get the formula from the highlighted text in any program and paste the result just after it.
ChemForm (macro)
Chemistry macro for Macro5 by Pascal Nicolas:
This macro makes the formatting of a highlighted formula very easy under the internal word processor by automatically applying a subscript format to the figures.
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Dessin
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
DDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUffffffffffff
&Paint.app
Times New Roman
Dessin
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
DDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUffffffffffff
&Paint.app
ChemTools is a software dedicated to chemists, biochemists or any other scientifics who have to do with the materials in a molecular point of view. It is built upon a periodic table of the elements in which you'll find more than 28 properties for each element. There are also some datas on the isotopes and the RX properties of each element.
This program has a very powerful tool for calculating the molecular weight of molecules and macromolecules as well as a few plugins to perform everyday calculus...
The registered users get the possibility to develop or to use plugins that will be accessible directly in the program and that will be able to use it's databases and procedures.
The first time you run this program, please make sure to set the preferences correctly.
Attention ! This is a shareware. However, another version of this program (ChemTools_LE) was released as a freeware containing all the basic periodic table information but no extra functions. You can download it on the same site.
"). Cheques are not accepted from foreign users. If enough people ask for it, I'll add the possibility to register via RegNet.
oH The periodic table of the elements is located in the main screen of the program. You can choose an element by clicking on it with the stylus, or by using the searching functions in the PerTbl menu. You can also use the arrow keys to move in the table. The properties displayed directly for each element are :
-Atomic number
-Symbol
-State information : solid, liquid, gas, sythetically prepared.
-Type : type of the element (metal, metalloid, halogen, noble gaz,...)
-Name (according to the selected language)
-Average molecuar weight (g.mol-1l) based upon carbon 12.
-Volumic weight (g.cm-3) at 300K for the solids and 273K, 1atm (NCTP) for he gases.
-Electronic configuration.
-Electronegativity (Pauling's)
-Oxydation degrees (most common one between brackets).
When you click with your stylus on the zoomed element at the top left corner, or use the function "More properties..." in the PerTbl menu, you display a window with more properties on the selected element. :
-Melting point (NCTP unless otherwise stated).
-Boiling point (NCTP unless otherwise stated).
-Crystal structure type and parameters in pm.
-Ionisation potentials : 1st, 2nd and 3rd (eV).
-Radiuses : atomic, covalent, ionic (in pm)
-Cp : Specific Heat Capacity in J.g-1.K-1
-Lv : Heat of vaporization in kJ.mol-1
-Lf : Heat of fusion in kJ.mol-1
-Electrical conductivity in S.cm-1
-Thermal conductivity in W.K-1.cm-1
-Expansion coefficient in units per Kelvin.
-Modulus of delasticity in MPa
-Electronic affinity (in eV)
-X2 bond formation energy in kJ.mol-1.
-Electronegativity (Allred and Rochow scale).
A database containing 904 of the most common isotopes and their properties (weight number, abundance, molar weight, spin and half life time) is also accessible (Menu PerTbl, Isotopes...).
Another database gives you more information on the RX properties of the selected element : emission energy, absorption energy, and fluorescent yield (Menu PerTbl, RX...).
You can also access a little historical presenting the discoverer, the date and the place where the element was discovered and generalities about the element (Menu PerTbl, Historical...).
CAttention : the unregistered users or th ones who don't own a "friendly licence" can only run one plugin per program session !
Installing a plugin
Copy the files used by the plugin in the "\plugins\" subfolder of the main program. As soon as the plugins function in the tools menu is called, a dialog will automatically appear, asking you what plugin to run.
Developement
Contact the author to receive a documentation explaining how to develop plugins for ChemTools (how to access ChemTools' internal databases and procedures from your plugin).
As a registered user, you can contact me to ask me how to access a specific data or procedure of my program. I will then add the necessary information in the documentation so that every registered user can benefit from it.
If you have any trouble when developping your plugin, do not hesitate to ask for my help. If you give me the source code of your plugin, it might help me to solve your problem and it won't be distributed without your permission.
site.
G This function (Tools Menu) allows you to compute the average molecular weight of almost any molecule or macromolecule. The procedure is also called by the "solutions" functions of the same menu. This tool also provides the elemental analysis of the given molecule when no user symbols or variable suffixes are used.
You can use up to 10 levels of brackets ( ( ) or [ ] ) and the maximum lengh of the formula is of 255 characters.
As you could see in the previous examples, you can use non integer values for the suffixes : you must only rememer one thing when you do this : check that you use the accurate decimal separator. When you use the dot as a decimal separator, any coma will have a neutral effect in the formula and vice versa.
All the symbols of the elements in the periodic table are accepted. You can also add your user symbols (unlimited number) in the user database after having calculated a molecular weight.
A user symbol or element must have the following syntax : start with an upper-case letter and continue with lower-case letters only you mustn't put any other sign or number in your symbol ! However, an extended syntax allows you to use any character for a user symbol as far as thei are put betweeen braces { }. When giving to a user symbol the same symbol as one of the chemical elements, it won't have an awckward effect. Indeed, by setting the priority to use when an ambiguous situation is met (in the preferences) you can choose that the chemical element or the user symbol will have the priority or that a dialog is needed to choose (this is the default and recommended mode).
At last, if you have used some lower-case letters as variable suffixes in the formula, you can choose after the calculus to evaluate the result (one or several times) : the program will ask you for the numerical value of the used variables and will return the final result.
xD Thanks to :
-Eberhard Rompf and Heiner Ryssel for their collaboration on the German translation of this program
-Momo, Thierry, Patrice and Sa
d for their helpful pieces of advice given during the coffee breaktimes at the LRPME (Laboratory of Research on the Electroative Polymers and Materials).
rald Aubard, Fr
ric Botton, Christophe Cordonnier, Stefan Smith and Steve Litchfield.
-Jean Perri
re and Laurent Plomb of Widget France (http://www.widget-france.com).
-Mark Fitzpatrick for the clipboard handling procedures : any developer can use them free of charge..
-Eberhard Rompf, John Woodthorpe.
-You for supporting this program (and being a registered user ?).
-All the people who helped me in any way and I could have forgotten here.
Special thanks to my girlfriend Annabelle who withstanded looking at me while I was working for hours on my Psion or my PC to make this program. She was kind enough to look at the backlighted screen when I asked her to do so and she said "Oh, It' so beautiful ! ... And so fascinating !" (She doesn't know and doesn't want to know anything about chemistry and computer science but I love her !).
TDPeace of mind...
If you use and appreciate this program, don't forget to register. If you have some "interesting suggestions" to make, please contact me : you might get a friendly licence which will bring you a fully functional version of this program (plugins allowed) for 60 days.
Comparing the (numerical) properties between a few elements...
Clean the log content. Run the graph procedure, choosing the property you want to study. Then simply point the elements and press the space bar when you want to copy the value to the log : do this as many times as you need.
Run the print function of the menu : you'll get the printed version of the graphic with all the num
rical values you wanted to point out under it !
When you come back to the main screen, start the log dialog : your data are still ready to be edited and copied to any application via the clipbard...
You don't remember where the gadolinum is located ??? Don't worry !
Do not forget to use the search features (by symbol or by name, in the PerTbl menu). If one occurence is found, an arrow will show you the place on the periodic table.
@ This is a shareware, it is not freeware ! You can freely evaluate it during 30 days but must pay if you con
tinue to use this program after this delay.
If you register, you will have free updates for the next releases of this program and the possibility to use or develop some external plugins.
The registration fee is of 100FF (or 15Euro or $20 or
12 : the other currencies are not accepted), cash or by a postal order in French Francs. After the 01/01/1999, I will accept the foreign cheques in Euros (15E). French users can send me a cheque (see how to contact me in the section "The author"). Cheques are not accepted from foreign users. If enough people ask for it, I'll add the possibility to register via RegNet.
Registering is also possible online with a secure registration form but it will cost a little bit more due to their costs. see on my homepage for a link to RegNet.
RChemTools
Preferences : you can choose there the language of the ressource file to use (if several are installed), the number of significant figures used to display the majority of the numerical values and the results for the calculus, the temperature unit (
C, K or
F), the unit for the energies displayed in the RX properties (eV or equivalent wavelengh in angstr
m), the method to use when there is an ambiguity in the molecular weight calculus (see the concerned section), the A&B subgroups convention, the info flag, the sound"s voluume.
Log : brings the log window to the screen and allows you to modify it and/or to copy it's content to the clipboard as well as to print it.
Quit : no comments...
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PerTbl
More properties... : displays a new window with more properties on the selected element. You can access this function by simply clicking with your stylus just above the "zoomed" element at the top left corner of the screen. To quit this new screen, press any key or click on the screen.
Isotopes : displays the list of the most common isotopes of the selected element : weight number, molar weight (based upon carbon 12), abundance, spin and half life time. To quit this new screen, press any key or click on the screen.
RX : displays the RX properties for the current element : energy of emission, energy of absorption (in eV or angstr
m) and the fluorescence yield.
Historical : displays the discoverer, the date and the place where the element was discovered and generalities about the element. This information is put in an edit box that allows you to copy it into the clipboard after modifying it if necessary.
Complete element record : displays the information present on the screen at any time and the information you get when you call the "more properties" screen. You get a dialog like the history/log one.
Search by symbol : no comments...
Search by name : no comments...
Graphic : a chosen property is plotted versus the atomic number of the elements. After choosing the property, the graphic is plotted in an autoscale mode. You can then click and drag your stylus or use the arrow keys to move over the graphic and display the atomic number, the symbol, the name, and the value of the property plotted for the element under the cursor. The current element's information can be copied to the log by pressing the space bar.
You can print the resulting graphic and the log at one time by choosing the print function from the menu.
When the graph is on the screen, just type the letter(s) of the element's symbol you are interested in and it will be displayed immediatly.
For generalities, please read the section on the Periodic Table in this help file.
_________________________________________
Tools
Molecular weight : see the specific section of this help file for how to use this function.
Solutions : Moles-Quantity : allows to convert weights (or volumes for the liquids) in moles and vice versa.
Solutions : Concentration-Volume-Weight : allows to perform calculus between concentrations, volumes and weights (to prepare a solution with a known concentration for example).
Plugins : (registered users only) scans the plugins directory for installed plugins and allows you to run one of them...
Calculator : this function displays a dialog in which you can type in a mathematical formula that will be evaluated. The result can be copied to the log
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DataBases
User : runs a sub-program to view/edit the user's data used in the molecular weight calculus procedures.
The records are in the alphabetical order of the symbol. You can use the previous/next buttons to move in the database as well as the A..Z keys to jump to the first record begining by this letter.
Constants 1 : displays a few universal constants that are sometimes useful (chemistry). Select a value with the up and down arrows and quit the dialog with the "Enter" key to copy the value to the clipboard ; otherwise, quit by using the "Esc." key.
Constants 2 : displays a few universal constants that are sometimes useful (physics). Same remarks as above to copy the values to the clipboard.
User information : this function allows you to add some further information specific to each element which are saved in a file. This information can be exported to the log.
_________________________________________
Help : you must know what it is as you read this !
Vocabulary : this menu item only appears if you have installed the optionl corresponding file. It is intended for the beginners, non chemists, or curious who want some general information...
Register : This is a very good thing to do : register and you will have there a nice dialog box to enter your activation key! Read the specific section in this help file.
About : No comments...
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@V 3.0
Complete multilingual handling :
A complete restructuration of the program allows it to be translated into any language very easily. Using one language at a time saves some memory. The German language has been added to the already available French and English, many thanks to Eberhard Rompf and Heiner Ryssel for their collaboration on this translation.
Warning : this change in the languages handling has affected the "old" plugins. Please remove any file from the old "Redox" and "Vapor" plugins and download the latest plugins files.
Language preferences :
Two kinds of language ressource files are present : the one concerning the interface is unique (ChemTools.rsc) and is chosen during the instalation, and the second one which concerns the elements names and historical information is installed in all the available languages by default (ChemTools.lngXX where XX is the standard two letters code for the language coded in the EPOC installer that is to say EN for the UK English, FR fro the standard French, and GE for the standard German.). You may deletethe files that do not correspond to your interface but if you keep them, you will get a new line in the preferences dialog to choose the ressource file you want to use. The change will be applied immediately and you will get the elements names and historic in the chosen language.
Online registration :
It is now possible for unregistered users to use the secure transactions forms of Regnet. The fee is a little bit higher, due to their costs.
A nicer trial period :
The unregistered users wil have now a 99,9% functionnal program : they may now run one plugin per program session. I also removed the nag screen at the end of the program. Two more reasons to register this time !
Elemental analysis :
A new feature has been added to the existing molecular weight calculation tool. It will now be possible to get the elemental analysis that corresponds to the formula. Please notice that this function will only give results for the formulas that do not have user defined symbols or variable suffixes.
A small fix was also done on the molecular weight calculator that didn't have a protection when using more than the authorized 10 brackets level.
Vocabulary :
New hit from Eberhard Rompf, my great beta tester and German translator who compiled a list of definitions for the beginners and non chemist. This file can be loaded from the help menu and is optional.
Other changes :
The data from the internal log are now saved between two sesions and can be printed.
When you have plotted a property versus the atomic number, you can print the final graph with the log, this is the best way to compare the properties between some elements : empty the log, plot the property you want to study, move on the graphic and add the elements information to the log with the space bar, and choose the print function from the menu. Something else new : when the graph is on the screen, just type the letter(s) of the element's symbol you are interested in and it will be displayed immediatly.
The too little display size (of Psion Series 5) caused a problem to display and use the top button of the full element record window. This was fixed by removing the top title of the dialog box.
A few internal modifications to accelerate some routines.
It is now possible for ChemTools to be closed by the system screen or PsiWin when it is in the plot mode or the user data editing mode (except during a dialog !).
New welcome screen and new program icon.
That's all for this version !!!
V 2.41
Stupid bug :
This minor fix concerns only the new users of ChemTools who could not install and use ChemTools 2.4 properly : the default preferences file get corrupted and cannot be used. I am working on the conversion of this program to use any language (as far as I find translators...).
V 2.4
Installation :
ChemTools is now available as a SIS package for an easier installation.
Molecular weight calculator :
The molecular weight calculator didn't use the CTENG$:(real) procedure to format the result. Now, the result can be displayed correctly, whatever the weight is, and respecting the number of signifiant figures set in the preferences. Thanks to Peter Lovell for reporting this.
Minor fixes :
Menu keyboard shortcuts that didn't work (Ctrl+Maj+M,...).
Filled missing historical data in English for O, Si, and Ni.
Other tiny mistakes...
V 2.3
Periodic table :
Three properties added : the electronic affinity, the X2 bond formation energy, and the electronegativity with Allred and Rochow's scale (graphic function available for the first two properties).
Layout :
As well as it had to be done with the elements buttons, I have replaced the "standard OPL" quick acces buttons by some simple buttons which are more legible.
General :
A minor bug was fixed in the registration process : the users who tried to enter their registration key after the delay had some problems when they didn't reinstall the whole program. I hope that this fix willl be useless as any user should register before this 30 days period !!!
The registering key was changed for an easier typing : it's better to enter GTEHCNRKGU than G\)$T3,%#F. I apologize for the regisered users who had to enter their new personal key.
Plugins :
A new quick access button was added (associated key shortcut "m") to run the last plugin used or to scan again the plugins directory to run another one.
A new plugin was developped on an idea and with the help of Martin H. Magnusson. It's purpose is to give the temperature needed to have a vapor pressure of 0.1, 1, and 400Torr for the most common metals. It is also possible for certain elements to perform an aproximate calculus to get the vapor pressure from a given temperature and vice versa.
V 2.2
Layout :
The interface has been again modified : the standard toolbar was replaced by 11 quick access buttons.
General :
You can now add personal information for each element (missing properties...). This information is saved in a file and can be exported to the log.
Two constants pages are now available and it is possible to copy their value to the clipboard to use them in the calculator...
Molecular weight and solutions calculus :
An extended syntax was added for the user symbols : the old rule was to put only letters, begining by an uppercase ne and continuing with only lowercase ones, you can now put any kind of character as far as you put them between braces : { }.
Tools :
A simple "calculator" was added to the "Tools" menu. You can use it to evluate almost any kind of expression.
Plugins :
A plugin that gives the redox potentials and half reactions for more than 500 systems is now available.
V 2.12
Layout :
The elements in the periodic table aren't displayed in a standard S5 button anymore. This results in a speed improvement when drawing the table and in the possibility to use a bigger font.
General :
A minor change in the database to satisfy a few "fussy" users : I put the English and American spelling for the two following elements : S and Al (Don't worry John, you're not the only one and I agree that it is better this way!).
V 2.11
General :
New welcome screen. Changed it also to a 4 colors mode to speed up the program's startup and to use less memory.
Correction of a few clerical errors in the English ressources.
V 2.1
General :
A log buffer was added. Some datas can be copied to it manualy or automatically. You can then edit and copy the log to the clipboard for a further use in any other application.
An important remark must be made about the dialogs which have a multi lines editing feature : when the text is longuer than the window, the cursor appears at the bottom and you first think that thre's nothing in ! It's not my fault, the OPL's procedure is done like this, you just have to use the scroll bars and you will be able to view everything !
Some shortcuts were added : you can have the full list of them in the "Shortcuts" section of this help file.
The startup is visibly quicker but the graphic ressources 13k bigger to allow this.
You can setup an info flag in the preferences to display ... some information when doing special actions.
A few sounds are associated to some events (set the volume in the preferences).
Graphic procedure :
The layout was enhanced. You can now use the arrow keys to move from one element to another. When you press the space bar, the current element information is copied to the log.
Molecular weight and solutions calculus :
You can evaluate more than one time the molecular weight of a variable weight molecule without restarting the whole procedure.
The results can be copied to the log.
Christophe Cordonnier reported me some bugs when inputing some aberrant values in these procedures. It is now fixed.
Periodic table :
There are two different conventions to display the A&B subgroups. An option was added to the preferences, allowing to choose the one you usually use.
Due to the need for many users to copy the information about the elements to other applications, a "Complete/full element record" feature was added : it displays all the information about the current element to a dialog similar to the log one. You can modify it to fit your needs and copy it to the log or directly to th
e clipboard.
V 2.01
Mixed-up :
My program gets bigger and bigger... so I didn't take the time to check everything and there were a few minor bugs (special thanks to Eberhard Rompf who helps me a lot with my program and who noticed this).
V 2.0
General :
F added to the temperature options. A few visual and utilisation improvements in the periodic table (quick access buttons,...).
The program is limited to 30 days of evaluation. You must register after this delay.
Registered users can develop or use external plugins.
Varied :
A few useful constants added to the Database menu.
Little bug fixed in the Quit keyboard shortcut when the language is set to English.
Better error handling in the molecular weight calculus procedures.
Periodic table :
Two properties added : the coefficient of expansion and the modulus of elasticity (graphic function available for these properties).
New database on the RX properties added, it provides : emission energy, absorption energy, and fluorescent yield (Possibility to display the energies in eV or in their wavelengh equivalent in angstr
m; you make this choice in the preferences.).
The historical is displayed in a new dialog which allows to view it properly, to modify it and to copy it in the clipboard if necessary.
Molecular weight calculus :
The user symbols are now edited from the main program ; it becomes very easy to add them just after a calculus. Owing to a new parameter in the preferences, it is now possible to use a user symbol which is identical to a chemical element (a priority can be chosen as well as a dialog in the situation is ambiguous).
It is now possible to evaluate a variable molecular weight (the acquisition of the numerical value of the suffixes is assisted automatically by the program).
V 1.21
Small bug fixed in the English historical. Awful bug fixed when formatting the numbers if the decimal separator is the dot (Thanks a lot to Christophe for reporting this to me :-) ).
V 1.2
General :
No need to set the decimal separator in the preferences : it's automatic.
General improvement to display most of the numericals with the number of the digits you specify in the preferences.
Periodic table :
A database of 904 isotopes was added.
The historical is now available in English.
Tools :
A set of functions designed to perform everyday calculus (between number of moles, weight, volume, concentration, ...) was added.
V 1.1
General functions :
You can now choose to display the temperatures in
C or K.
Periodic table :
Properties added : type of element (alkali earth metal, halogen, noble gas...).
You can now plot 15 of the properties of each element versus the atomic number.
8006J
ChemTools 3.0 : Introduction
Menus and functions...
Periodic Table of the Elements
100U-Molecular Weight Calculus,
Elemental analysis
Future Plans...
Registering...
Disclaimer
Credits...
Incitement...
Changes / V 1.0
The Author
999u Shortcuts
Plugins
Hints...
"Data.app)@
Table1
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Index1
ColA14
programmes1Du m
me auteur :
ChemTools_LE
MWTcalc
ChemForm
Table1
Titre
Contenu
Ordre
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Autres programmes de chimie
oujours ma HomePage pour v
rifier.
A Bien que ce programme ait
test
de nombreuses fois, il se peut qu'il y ait encore quelques bugs mineurs ou erreurs de saisie dans la classification p
riodique. Si vous en trouvez, faites-le moi savoir le plus rapidement possible afin que je puisse les corriger.
Vous utilisez ce programme
votre propre risque. En aucun cas l'auteur ne saura
tre tenu responsable de pertes de donn
es, de probl
mes logiciels ou mat
riels r
sultant directement ou indirectement de l'utilisation de ce programme.
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
A J'encourage vivement tous les utilisateurs de ce programme
se faire conna
tre et
me sugg
rer des id
es de modifications ou de "modules"
ajouter. Les retours int
ressants qui apportent un
change d'id
es et de conseils sont fortement susceptibles d'
tre remerci
s par une "licence amicale" qui
tend la dur
e autoris
valuation du programme
60 jours et la possibilit
d'utiliser les modules pendant cette p
riode...
BJe peux
tre contact
de plusieurs mani
res :
E-mail: chemtools@chez.com
Attention : pour tout signalement de bug ou autre probl
ventuel, veuillez mentionner quelle version vous utilisez et v
rifier qu'il n'y a pas de mise
jour sur le site.
Homepage: http://www.chez.com/chemtools
Vous trouverez toujours ici la version la plus r
cente de mon programme.
Adresse postale :
Guillaume Sabouraud
3, rue d'Assas
75006 Paris
FRANCE
phone : +33 (0)6 80 94 11 43
Fax : +33 (0)6 80 94 11 53
SMS : 0680941143@sms.itineris.tm.fr (160 caract
res maximum, service gratuit)
NOTE: Cette adresse est susceptible de changer prochainement alors consultez toujours ma HomePage ou envoyez-moi simplement un email pour v
rifier.
BDu m
me auteur :
ChemTools_LE
Version all
e gratuite de ChemTools poss
dant moins de fonctionnalit
MWTcalc (macro)
Macro de chimie pour Macro5 de Pascal Nicolas :
Compl
ment utile de ChemTools ou ChemTools_LE permettant de calculer la masse mol
culaire moyenne d'une mol
cuule avec moins de fnctionnalit
s que l'outil int
ChemTools. Ce programme peut r
rer la formule
partir d'un simple texte s
lectionn
et coller le r
sultat juste
ChemForm (macro)
Macro de chimie pour Macro5 de Pascal Nicolas :
Cette macro rend le formattage de la formule brute s
lectionn
s enfantin au sein du traitement de texte en appliquant automatiquement un format d'indice au chiffres.
4 11 43
Fax : +33 (0)6 80 94 11 53
SMS : 0680941143@sms.itineris.tm.fr (160 caract
res maximum, service gratuit)
NOTE: Cette adresse est susceptible de changer prochainement alors consultez toujours ma HomePage ou envoyez-moi simplement un email pour v
rifier.
C Les modifications ult
rieures porteront sur l'impression du journal, la correction de bugs
ventuels et l'int
gration de quelques fonctions et bases de donn
es simples. Bien s
r, toutes les propositions seront les bienvenues, surtout de la part des utilisateurs enregistr
Quelques projets que j'ai faits :
gration de modules divers :
-Equilibrage de r
actions.
-Calcul du pourcentage de liaison ionique.
*Ajout de bases de donn
es connexes : -(pK, potentiels r
dox, ...)
-potentiels d'
lectrodes
Modules :
-Calcul de pH (solutions tampons,...), simulation de titrages,... utilisant la base de donn
es sur les pK.
-Importation/conversion/traitement/exportation de donn
es ASCII externes : trac
et lissage de courbes, calcul de d
es, d'int
grales,... C'est une de mes priorit
s et le nombre d'applications n'aurait que l'imagination d'autant plus que son utilisation ne se limiterait probablement pas aux chimistes !
-Calculs d'
lectrochimie...
-Dessin de mol
cules...
BDu m
me auteur :
ChemTools_LE
Version all
e gratuite de ChemTools poss
dant moins de fonctionnalit
MWTcalc (macro)
Macro de chimie pour Macro5 de Pascal Nicolas :
Compl
ment utile de ChemTools ou ChemTools_LE permettant de calculer la masse mol
culaire moyenne d'une mol
cuule avec moins de fnctionnalit
s que l'outil int
ChemTools. Ce programme peut r
rer la formule
partir d'un simple texte s
lectionn
et coller le r
sultat juste
ChemForm (macro)
Macro de chimie pour Macro5 de Pascal Nicolas :
Cette macro rend le formattage de la formule brute s
lectionn
s enfantin au sein du traitement de texte en appliquant automatiquement un format d'indice au chiffres.
H Le choix des
ments se fait directement avec le stylet ou en utilisant les fonctions de recherche par symbole ou nom (menu PerTbl). L'utilisation des fl
ches vous permet
galement de vous d
placer au sein du tableau p
riodique. Les propri
s affich
es directement sont :
-Num
ro atomique
-Symbole
-Information :
ment solide, liquide, gaz, pr
par synth
se,...
-Type : donne le type d'
ment (m
tal, m
tallo
de, halog
ne, gaz rare,...)
-Nom (en fonction de la langue).
-Masse moyenne (g.mol-1l) bas
e sur le carbone 12.
-Masse volumique (g.cm-3)
300K pour les solides et 273K,1atm (CNTP) pour les gaz.
-Configuration
lectronique.
-Electron
gativit
chelle de Pauling).
-Degr
s d'oxydation (le plus courant est entre parenth
ses).
Lorsqu'on clique sur le symbole grossi de l'
ment en cours ou qu'on actionne la commande "plus de propri
s...." du menu Pertbl, une fen
tre compl
mentaire appara
t et les autres propri
s accessibles sont :
-Point de fusion (CNTP sauf indication contraire)
-Point d'
bullition (CNTP sauf indication contraire)
-Syst
me cristallin et param
tre(s) de maille en pm.
-Potentiels d'ionisation : 1,2 et 3 (eV)
-Rayons : atomique, covalent, ionique (en pm)
-Cp : capacit
calorifique en J.g-1.K-1
-Lv : chaleur latente de vaporisation en kJ.mol-1
-Lf : chaleur latente de fusion en kJ.mol-1
-Conductivit
lectrique en S.cm-1
-Conductivit
thermique en W.K-1.cm-1
-Coefficient d'expansion en unit
par Kelvin.
-Module d'
lasticit
en MPa
-Affinit
lectrnique (en eV)
-Energie de formation de la liaison X2 en kJ.mol-1.
-Electron
gativit
chelle de Allred et Rochow).
Une base de donn
es donnant les propri
s de base (nombre de masse, abondance, masse mol
culaire bas
e sur le carbone 12, spin et temps de demi vie) de 904 des isotopes courants est disponible (Menu : PerTbl, Isotopes...).
Une autre base de donn
es donne des informations sur les propri
s RX :
nergie d'
mission, d'absorption et rendement de fluorescence (Menu : PerTbl, RX...).
De plus, un petit historique pr
sentant le nom du d
couvreur, l'ann
e et le lieu de d
couverte de l'
ment ainsi que quelques g
ralit
s sur ce dernier est disponible (Menu PerTbl, Historique...)
tre principale :
Les raccourcis correspondant aux choix du menu apparaissent dans ce dernier.
e : Affiche plus de propri
i : Affiche les isotopes.
x : Affiche les propri
s RX.
h : Affiche l'historique
e : Affiche la fiche compl
te de l'
ment.
p : Lance le menu de lancement rapide de module.
Esc : Met ChemTools en arri
re plan.
ches : elles permettent de se d
placer dans toutes les directions au sein de la classification p
riodique.
Graphique des propri
ches gauche et droite : elles permettent de se d
placer sur l'axe des abscisses.
Touche "espace" : elle copie les donn
es concernant l'
ment affich
dans le journal.
Esc : quitte le module.
tre d'
dition de la base de donn
es personnalis
ches gauche et droite : elles permettent de se d
placer parmi les enregistrements comme les deux boutons de l'
cran.
a..z : Saute au premier enregistrement commen
ant par la lettre tap
Esc : quitte le module.
ChemTools est une application destin
e aux chimistes, biochimistes, et
tous ceux qui s'int
ressent aux mat
riaux
chelle atomique. Elle est constitu
e d'un tableau p
riodique des
ments en fond d'
cran permettant d'acc
de nombreuses propri
s de ces derniers (plus de 28). Les isotopes ainsi que les propri
s RX des diff
rents
ments sont
galement disponibles.
Ce programme dispose d'un outil de calcul des masses mol
culaires tr
s performant qui rendra de nombreux services en raison de sa souplesse d'utilisation, ainsi que de quelques modules servant pour les calculs courants.
Les utilisateurs enregistr
s ont la possibilit
d'utiliser et de d
velopper des modules externes, accessibles
partir du programme et pouvant exploiter ses proc
dures et bases de donn
La premi
re fois o
vous ex
cutez le programme, n'oubliez pas de param
trer les pr
rences.
Attention ! Ce programme est un shareware. Cependant, une version all
e est disponible en freeware (ChemTools_LE) : elle comporte tout ce qui concerne la classification p
riodique des
ments de base mais aucune autre fonctionnalit
avanc
e. Ce programme est en t
chargement sur le m
me site.
Dessin
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
DDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUffffffffffff
&Paint.app
7E Je remercie :
-Eberhard Rompf et Heiner Ryssel pour la traduction allemande de ce programme.
-Momo, Thierry, Patrice et Sa
d pour les "conseils" qu'ils m'ont donn
s pendant les pauses caf
, au LRPME (Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Polym
res et les Mat
riaux Electroactifs).
rald Aubard, Fr
ric Botton, Christophe Cordonnier, Stefan Smith et Steve Litchfield.
-Jean Perri
re et Laurent Plomb de Widget France (http://www.widget-france.com).
-Mark Fitzpatrick pour les routines de gestion du presse-papiers qu'il permet a tout programmeur d'utiliser gratuitement.
-Eberhardt Rompf, John Woodthorpe.
-Vous car vous soutenez ce programme (et que vous
tes peut-
tre enregistr
-La RATP et la SNCF qui m'ont donn
de longues heures de programmation sur le quai encombr
des Halles
8h30 ou bien bloqu
au milieu des voies (
toute heure en tout lieu),ou bien ...la gr
ve...
-Tous ceux que j'aurais pu oublier.
Enfin, je remercie tout particuli
rement ma tendre Annabelle qui a support
les longues heures que j'ai pass
es plong
sur mon psion
programmer ou concentr
sur mon PC pour saisir toutes les donn
es et les v
rifier, qui a gentiment regard
cran r
clair
en disant : "Oh que c'est beau" pour me faire plaisir, et qui a relu ce fichier d'aide pour enlever les nombreuses fautes sem
droite ou
gauche.
H Cette routine (menu outil) permet le calcul de la masse molaire moyenne de mol
cules ou macromol
cules. Elle est
galement appel
e par les deux fonctions de calculs sur les solutions (m
me menu). Cet outil fournit
galement la composition
mentaire correspondant
la formule saisie si aucun symbole utilisateur ou coefficient variable n'a
10 niveaux. La taille maximum de la formule est de 255 caract
Comme vous l'avez vu dans l'exemple pr
dent, l'utilisation de multiplicateurs non entiers est tout
fait possible en prenant garde de bien utiliser le bon symbole de s
parateur d
cimal. D'autre part, lorsque le s
parateur est la virgule, tout point utilis
dans la formule aura un r
le neutre.
Tous les symboles des
ments chimiques sont accept
s. De plus, on peut rajouter un nombre illimit
de raccourcis dans la base de donn
es personnalis
s lors qu'une masse mol
culaire a
calcul
Un symbole ou
ment chimique ainsi qu'un symbole personnalis
doivent imp
rativement r
pondre
la syntaxe suivante : Commencer avec une lettre majuscule et continuer avec des lettres minuscules. Les autres caract
res sont totalement interdits (espaces, ...). Cependant, une syntaxe
tendue vous permet d'utiliser n'importe quels caract
res pour un symbole personnalis
tant que ces derniers sont dispos
s entre des acolades { }. L'affectation d'un symbole personnalis
identique
celui d'un
ment chimique n'est pas g
nante. En effet, lors du calcul, on peut choisir (dans les pr
rences) que le programme, dans le cas d'une ambigu
, utilise le symbole personnalis
par priorit
, le symbole chimique par priorit
, ou bien soul
ve un dialogue afin de choisir en fonction du contexte (cette solution, propos
e par d
faut, est conseill
Enfin, dans le cas o
une formule avec des indices variables a
saisie, le programme propose d'
valuer le r
sultat num
rique (une seule ou plusieurs fois) apr
s avoir saisi le (ou les) indice(s) de mani
re totalement assist
@Conscience tranquille...
Si vous utilisez ce programme et l'appr
ciez, n'oubliez pas de vous enregistrer. Si vous avez des suggestions int
ressantes et "r
alisables"
faire n'h
sitez pas
me contacter : vous obtiendrez peut-
tre une licence amicale.
Comparaisons de propri
s (num
riques) entre certains
ments
Effacez les donn
es du journal pour plus de clart
. Lancez le module graphique et tracez la propri
concern
e. Vous pouvez ensuite s
lectionner
tour de r
le les diff
rents
ments qui vous int
ressent et lorsque vous appuyez sur la barre espace, les donn
es sont copi
es dans le journal.
Lancez l'imoression
partir du menu et vous obtiendrez une version imprim
e de votre graphique avec les valeurs num
riques que vous vouliez
tudier pour tous les
ments choisis.
s cel
, quittez le module graphique et allez dans le journal : les donn
es vous y attendent, pr
tre export
es dans tout type de document via le presse-papiers.
Vous ne vous souvenez p
lus o
se trouve le gadolinium ???
N'oubliez pas les fonctions de recherche par symbole ou nom (menu PerTbl)... Si une ocurence est trouv
e, elle sera point
e par une fl
che pour vous aider
la rep
DAttention : les utilisateurs non enregistr
s ou ne poss
dant pas une "licence amicale" ne peuvent ex
cuter qu'un seul module par session du programme !
Installation
Copiez les fichiers programmes (extension ".opo") des modules dans le sous-r
pertoire "\plugins\" de l'application. D
s que la fonction appropri
e du menu outils est appel
e, le module appara
t automatiquement.
veloppement
Contactez l'auteur pour recevoir la documentation vous expliquant comment d
velopper des modules et les moyens d'acc
der aux proc
dures et aux bases de donn
es internes
ChemTools
partir de ces m
me modules.
En tant qu'utilisateur enregistr
, vous pouvez
videmment me contacter afin de me demander comment acc
telle ou telle donn
e (ou proc
dure) de mon programme. Je compl
terai alors dans la limite du possible le fichier d'aide au d
veloppement de modules pour pouvoir vous satisfaire.
Si vous rencontrez des probl
mes lors du d
veloppement de vos modules, n'h
sitez pas
me contacter et je ferai de mon mieux pour vous aider. Il serait pour cel
utile de me donner le code source afin de me faciliter la t
che (ce dernier ne sera pas diffus
sans votre permission).
C Ce programme n'est pas gratuit : vous pouvez l'
valuer gratuitement pendant 30 jours mais si vous continuez
l'utiliser, vous devez vous enregistrer. L'enregistrement vous donnera droit
une mise
jour
ternelle sur les prochaines versions ainsi que la possibilit
d'utiliser
volont
ou de d
velopper des modules externes d
velopp
s par moi-m
me ou d'autres auteurs.
La participation demand
e est de 100FF (ou 15Euros ou 20$ ou 12
: les autres monnaies ne sont pas accept
es), en esp
ces ou par virement postal. A partir du 01/01/1999, le r
glement par ch
ques en Euros sera accept
. Les utilisateurs fran
ais peuvent me r
gler par ch
que (voir mes coordonn
es dans la rubrique "L'auteur"). Les ch
ques
trangers ne sont pas accept
L'enregistrement est
galement possible en ligne sur des formulaires s
curis
s avec RegNet mais est sensiblement plus cher en raison de leurs co
ts. Voir sur mon site pour un lien direct.
SChemTools
rences : permet de choisir : la langue du fichier de ressource
utiliser (si plusieurs sont install
s), le nombre de chiffres significatifs pour l'affichage de la plupart des nombres et des r
sultats des calculs, l'unit
d'affichage de la temp
rature (
C, K ou
F), l'unit
d'affichage des
nergies pour les propri
s RX (eV ou angstr
m), le mode de traitement des ambigu
s dans le calcul des masses mol
culaires (voir la rubrique concern
e), la convention d'affichage des sous-groupes A et B, l'affichage des infos, le volume du son.
Journal : affiche le contenu du journal, permet de l'
diter et/ou de copier son contenu dans le presse-papiers, ainsi que de l'imprimer.
Quitter : sans commentaires...
_________________________________________
PerTbl
Plus de propri
s : affiche une fen
tre avec plus de propri
s... Cette fonction est accessible plus rapidement en cliquant sur le symbole de l'
ment zoom
(en haut
gauche de l'
cran principal). Pour quitter l'
cran affich
, appuyez sur une touche ou cliquez sur l'
cran.
Isotopes : affiche la liste des isotopes communs de l'
ment s
lectionn
: nombre de masse, abondance, masse molaire (bas
e sur le carbone 12), spin et temps de demi vie. Pour quitter l'
cran affich
, appuyez sur une touche ou cliquez sur l'
cran.
RX : affiche les propri
s RX de l'
ment s
lectionn
nergie d'
mission et d'absorption (en eV ou angstr
m) ainsi que rendement de fluorescence (en %).
Historique : donne le d
couvreur, la date et le lieu de d
couverte et quelques informations g
rales sur l'
ment s
lectionn
. Ces informations sont affich
es dans un dialogue qui vous permet de les copier dans le presse-papiers apr
s modification
ventuelle.
Fiche
ment compl
te : pr
sente dans un dialogue semblable
celui de l'historique l'ensemble des proprit
s affich
cran ainsi que celles disponibles dans l'
cran "Plus de propri
Recherche par symbole : sans commentaires...
Recherche par nom : sans commentaires...
Graph : une propri
est trac
e en fonction du num
ro atomique. Apr
s avoir choisi la propri
dans un menu d
roulant, un graphique est trac
chelle automatique. Vous pouvez alors pointer avec le stylet ou utiliser les fl
ches pour d
placer votre curseur au-dessus du graphe, ce qui affichera : le num
ro atomique, le symbole, et le nom de l'
ment correspondant, ainsi que la valeur num
rique de la propri
e. Ces donn
es sont copiables dans le journal
l'aide de la barre espace.
Une impression du graphique avec le journal est possible
partir du menu.
Pendant l'affichage du graphique, saisissez au clavier la ou les lettres du symbole de l'
ment qui vous int
resse et il appara
tra instantan
ment.
Consultez
galement la rubrique consacr
la classification p
riodique des
ments pour les fonctionnalit
rales.
_________________________________________
Outils
Masse molaire : voir la rubrique consacr
cette fonction.
Solutions : Moles-Quantit
: permet de convertir des poids (ou volumes pour les liquides) en moles et vice versa.
Solutions : Concentration-Volume-Masse : permet d'effectuer des calculs entre concentrations, volumes et masses, quel que soit le sens de l'op
ration (par exemple pour pr
parer une solution de concentration connue).
Modules : (utilisateurs enregistr
s uniquement) recherche les modules pr
sents et propose d'en lancer un...
Calculatrice : cette fonction affiche une bo
te de dialogue dans laquelle vous pouvez saisir une expression num
rique. Le r
sultat
peut
tre cpoi
dans le journal.
_________________________________________
BDDonn
Utilisateur : lance le module de consultation/
dition de la base de donn
es personnalis
e des formules utilis
es dans le calcul de masse mol
culaire. Les enregistrements sont class
s par ordre alphab
tique du symbole. On peut naviguer en utilisant les boutons : pr
dent, recherche ou suivant, ou en appuyant directement sur une lettre du clavier qui am
nera sur le premier symbole commen
ant par cette lettre.
Constantes 1 : Affiche quelques constantes universelles et usuelles (chimie). S
lectionnez une valeur avec les f
ches haut et bas et quittez avec la touche "Entr
e" pour copier une valeur dans le presse-papiers ; sinon, quittez en utilisant la touche "Echapp.".
Constantes 2 : Affiche quelques constantes universelles et usuelles (physique). M
mes remarques que ci-dessus pour copier les valeurs dans le presse-papiers.
Informations personnalis
es : cette fonction permet de saisir des informations personnelles sp
cifiques
chaque
ment. Elles sont sauvegard
es dans un fichier et sont exportables dans le journal. _________________________________________
Aide : vous y
tes d
Vocabulaire : cet
ment du menu d'aide n'appara
t que lorsque vous avez install
le fichier de d
finitions correspondant. Il pr
sente quelques notions g
rales destin
es aux d
butants, non chimistes, ou curieux.
Enregistrement : permet d'entrer votre cl
d'activation.
Voir la rubrique consacr
ce sujet.
A propos : sans commentaires...
Arial
Arial
Arial
@V 3.0
Gestion multilingue totale :
Un remodelage complet du programme permet
sent la traduction de ChemTools dans n'importe quelle langue. L'installation d'une seule langue
la fois permet de plus un l
ger gain de place. Les langues disponibles sont d
sormais le fran
ais, l'anglais et l'allemand, un grand merci
Eberhard Rompf et Heiner Ryssel pour leur collaboration sur cette traduction ; avis aux traducteurs pour d'autres langues (espagnol ?)...
Attention, la nouvelle gestion de langue emp
che les anciens modules de fonctionner correctement. D
truisez tous les fichiers concernant les anciens modules "Redox" et "Vapor" et t
chargez les nouvelles versions.
rences de langue :
Deux types de fichiers de ressources de langue sont pr
sent : celui concernant l'interface est unique (ChemToos.rsc) et n'a pas
tre chang
, et celui concernant le nom des
ments et leur historique est install
par d
faut dans toutes les langues disponibles (ChemTools.lngXX o
XX sont les deux lettres cod
es dans la symbolique de l'installateur EPOC soit EN pour l'anglais britannique, FR pour le fran
ais standard et GE pour l'aalemand standard). Vous pouvez d
truire les langues qui ne correspodent pas
votre interface, mais si vous les gardez, une option suppl
mentaire appara
t dans le dialogue de pr
rences et vous permet de choisir la langue
utiliser. Ceci vous permettra de conna
tre le nom des
ments dans une autre langue et d'avoir
galement l'historique dans cette langue.
Enregistrement en ligne :
Les utilisateurs non encore enregistr
s peuvent le faire en ligne avec RegNet. Cet enregistrement est s
curis
pour les navigateurs qui en ont la possibilit
mais co
te sensiblement plus cher en raison des frais addionnels qu'il engendre.
Evaluation plus efficace :
Les utilisateurs non enregistr
s poss
dent maintenant une version fonctionnelle
99,9%, j'ai en effet autoris
l'ex
cution d'un module par session afin de pouvoir mieux
valuer ChemTools et retir
le "nag screen" en fin de programme. Deux raison de plus pour s'enregistrer !
Analyse
mentaire :
Une fonction suppl
mentaire d'analyse
mentaire (pourcentage massique) a
rajout
e au module de calcul de masse molaire. Attention, cette nouvelle fonctionnalit
ne fonctionne que dans le cadre de formules n'utilisant aucun symbole d
fini par l'utilisateur ni des indices variables.
Une petite correction a
galement
ajout
l'outil de calcul de masse qui n'
tait pas prot
contre l'utilisation de plus des 10 niveaux des parenth
ses autoris
finitions :
Eberhard Rompf, mon g
nialissime beta testeur et traducteur en allemand a encore frapp
en compilant une base de donn
es de d
finitions destin
e aux d
butants ou non chimistes. Ce fichier optionnel peut
tre lanc
depuis le menu "aide".
Autres modifications :
Les donn
es du journal sont maintenant sauvegard
es automatiquement entre deux sessions. Vous pouvez
galement les imprimer.
Le graphique d'une propri
peut
tre imprim
en m
me temps que le journal, ceci est le meilleur moyen de comparer les propri
s entre quelques
ments : effacez le journal, ex
cutez un graphique, ajoutez quelques donn
es dans le journal avec la touche espace, et lancez le menu imprimer. Autre nouveaut
: pendant l'affichage du graphique, saisissez au clavier la ou les lettres de l'
ment qui vous int
resse et il appara
tra instantan
ment.
La faible taille d'
cran (sur le Psion Series 5) entra
nait un probl
me d'affichage et d'utilisation du bouton sup
rieur dans la fiche d'
ment compl
te. Le probl
me est corrig
en supprimant le titre de la bo
te de dialogue.
Quelques modifications internes pour acc
rer certaines routines.
Possibilit
de fermer ChemTools par le menu syst
me ou par PsiWin quand un graphique ou l'
dition des donn
es personnelles en cours (sauf pendant les dialogues !).
Nouvel
cran d'accueil et nouvelle ic
ne d'application.
C'est tout pour cette version !!!
V 2.41
Bug stupide :
Cette version corrige un bug stupide concernant exclusivement les nouveaux utilisateurs ou nouvelles installations de ChemTools 2.4. Le fichier de donn
es personnelles
tait corrompu et ne puvait pas
tre g
correctement. Je travaille actuellement
fond sur la conversion de ChemTools en vue d'utiliser des ressources s
es pour un nombre illimit
de langue. Il ne reste plus qu'
trouver des traducteurs.
V 2.4
Installation :
ChemTools est maintenant t
chargeable sous forme de fichier SIS pour une installation simplifi
Outil de calcul de masse :
Correction du formatage des r
sultats qui n'utilisait pas la proc
dure CTENG$:(r
el). Maintenant, les r
sultats sont affich
s correctement, quelle que soit la masse, en respectant le nombre de chiffres significatifs d
finis ans le pr
rences. Merci
Peter Lovell qui me l'a fait remarquer.
Changements mineurs :
Raccourcis qui ne fonctionnaient pas : (Ctrl+Maj+M,...).
Corrections dans les historiques en anglais pour O, Si, Ni.
Autres petites erreurs...
V 2.3
Classification p
riodique :
Trois nouvelles propri
s rajout
es : l'affinit
lectronique, l'
nergie de formation de la liaison X2 et l'
lectron
gativit
seloon l'
chelle de Allred et Rochow. (fonction graphique disponible pour les deux premi
res).
sentation :
De m
me que pour les anciens boutons des
ments, les boutons d'acc
s rapide ne snt plus des boutons standard OPL, ils gagnent ainsi en lisibilit
General :
Un bug mineur a
corrig
: les utilisateurs qui s'enregistraient au-del
du d
lai accord
rencontraient des probl
mes. En esp
rant que cette modification soit inutile : tous les utilisateurs devraient
tre enregistr
s avant la fin du d
lai si ils continuent
utiliser le programme !
Le syst
me de cl
d'enregistrement a
modifi
pour faciliter sa saisie : ils est plus pratique d'
crire GTEHCNRKGU que G\)$T3,%#F. Je m'excuse aupr
s des utilisateurs enregistr
s qui ont eu
entrer
nouveau leur cl
personnelle.
Modules :
Un bouton d'acc
s rapide a
rajout
pour les modules, on peut l'appeller
galement avec la touche "m". Il permet de lancer directement le dernier plugin utilis
ou de scanner tous les plugins pr
sents pour en lancer un autre.
Un nouveau module a
velopp
sur l'id
e et avec a coollaboration de Martin H. Magnusson. L'objectif de cet outil est de donner la temp
rature n
cessaire pour atteindre une pression de vapeur saturante de 0,1 ; 1 et 400 Torr pour un certain nombre de m
taux. Deux fonctions suppl
mentaires permettent de faire une approximation de la pression de vapeur pour une temp
rature donn
e ou vice-versa.
V 2.2
sentation :
L'interface a encore
remodel
e : la barre d'outils standard a
remplac
e par 11 boutons d'acc
s rapide.
General :
Vous pouvez maintenant rajouter des informations personnalis
es pour chaque
ment (propri
s manquantes...). Ces donn
es sont sauvegard
es dans un fichier et exporatables vers le journal.
Deux pages de constantes sont maintenant disponibles et les valeurs afich
es sont facilement copi
es dans le presse-papiers pour pouvoir les utiliser dans la calculatrice par exemple.
Outil de calcul de masse et solution :
Une syntaxe
tendue a
rajout
e pour les symboles personnalis
s : l'ancienne syntaxe obligeait
utiliser uniquement des lettres en coman
ant par une majuscule et en finissant par des minuscule uniquement, maintenant, tous les caract
res sont autoris
condition de les mettre entre deux accolades { }.
Outils :
Une "calculatrice" tr
s simplifi
ajout
e au menu "Outils". Elle permet d'
valuer une express
ion quelconque saisie au clavier.
Modules :
Un module permettant de donner les potentiels redox et demi-r
actions de plus de 500 syst
mes est maintenant disponible.
V 2.12
sentation :
Les
ments de la classification p
riodique ne sont plus affich
s dans des boutons standards, ce qui permet une plus grande rapidit
pour tracer l'
cran principal et la possibilit
d'utiliser une fonte nettement plus lisible.
General :
Deux toutes petites modifications dans la base de donn
es : j'ai rajout
l'orthographe anglaise
l'orthographe am
ricaine pour le soufre et l'aluminium.
V 2.11
General :
Changement de l'
cran d'accueil et passage au mode 4 couleurs qui est plus rapide et prend moins de m
moire.
Correction de quelques fautes de frappe dans les ressources en anglais.
V 2.1
General :
Ajout d'un "journal" dans lequel sont copi
s, manuellement ou automatiquement, certains r
sultats ou donn
es. Vous pouvez l'
diter
tout moment et copier son contenu dans le presse-papiers pour une utilisation ext
rieure au programme.
Une remarque importante doit
tre faite
propos des bo
tes de dialogues comportant un texte sur plusieurs lignes : quand ce dernier est plus grand que l'
cran, le dialogue est affich
avec le curseur en bas et on pense au premier abord qu'il n'y a rien ! Ce n'est pas ma faute, la proc
dure de l'OPL est faite comme
, il faut juste utiliser l'ascenseur pour remonter et visualiser le texte.
Des raccourcis clavier on
ajout
s : consultez la rubriques concern
e pour une pr
sentation g
rale.
Le d
marrage est un peu plus rapide (au d
triment de la taille du fichier de ressources graphiques qui prend 13ko).
Dans les pr
rences, vous pouvez choisir d'activer ou d
sactiver quelques informations affich
es sur l'
cran de temps
autres.
Quelques sons (d
sactivables) sont associ
certains ev
nements.
Module graphique :
Sa pr
sentation a
e. Vous pouvez utiliser les fl
ches pour vous d
placer et copier la valeur affich
e dans le journal avec la touche "espace".
Outil de calcul de masse et solution :
Vous pouvez
valuer plusieurs fois de suite des formules
indices variables.
Les r
sultats des calculs en g
ral peuvent
tre copi
s dans le journal.
Christophe Cordonnier m'a signal
des faiblesses dans ces proc
dures lorsqu'on entre des valeurs aberrantes. C'est corrig
Classification p
riodique :
Il existe deux
coles pour ce qui concerne la d
signation des sous-groupes A et B. Une option a
rajout
e dans les pr
rences de mani
choisir celle
laquelle on est habitu
Du fait du c
pratique de l'utilisation de dialogues pour afficher des donn
es (historique et journal), j'ai
galement rajout
un dialogue donnant d'un seul coup l'ensemble des propri
s. Vous pouvez, de m
me que pour le journal, le modifier
volont
et le copier dans le journal ou bien directement dans le presse-papiers.
V 2.01
En vrac :
Mon programme est de plus en plus gros et du coup difficile
tester dans son int
gralit
, la version pr
dente avait quelques bugs mineurs que j'ai corrig
s dans les heures qui suivaient leur signalement par Eberhard Rompf (merci encore
ce non chimiste qui suit malgr
tout mon programme de tr
V 2.0
ral :
Possibilit
d'exprimer les temp
ratures en
F. Petites am
liorations visuelles et utilitaires dans la pr
sentation de la classification p
riodique (ajout de boutons d'acc
s rapide,...).
Limitation du programme
30 jours d'
valuation et possibilit
de s'enregistrer.
Possibilit
pour les utilisateurs enregistr
s de d
velopper et/ou d'utiliser des modules externes.
Divers :
Une petite table de constantes ajout
e au menu des bases de donn
Petit probl
me corrig
dans la fonction "Quitter" du menu lorsque l'anglais est la langue courante.
Meilleure gestion des erreurs dans le calcul de masse mol
culaire.
Classification p
riodique :
Deux nouvelles propri
s rajout
es : le coefficient d'expansion thermique et le module d'
lasticit
(fonction graphique disponible)
Nouvelle base de donn
es sur les propri
s RX des
ments :
nergie d'
mission, d'absorption et rendement de fluorescence (possibilit
d'afficher les
nergies en eV ou en longueur d'onde
quivalente; ce choix se fait dans les pr
rences.).
L'historique est affich
dans une bo
te de dialogue qui permet de le visualiser correctement, de l'
diter, et de le copier dans le presse-papiers.
Outil de calcul de masse :
Les symboles personnalis
s sont maintenant
s directement
partir du programme ; leur ajout se fait tr
s simplement apr
s un calcul de masse. Gr
un param
trage dans les pr
rences, il est possible d'utiliser un symbole personnalis
identique
un symbole chimique (choix d'une priorit
ou d'un dialogue pour choisir en cas d'ambigu
Il est aussi maintenant possible d'
valuer une expression de masse mol
culaire variable (la saisie des indices est guid
e de mani
re automatique).
V 1.21
Petit bug corrig
dans l'historique en anglais. Enorme bug corrig
dans le formatage des cha
nes lorsque le s
parateur d
cimal est le point (Merci beaucoup
Christophe pour me l'avoir signal
:-) ).
V 1.2
Divers :
Plus besoin de param
trer le s
parateur d
cimal dans les pr
rences : c'est automatique.
lioration g
rale de l'affichage de la plupart des nombres, en utilisant le nombre de chiffres significatifs d
fini dans les pr
rences.
Classification p
riodique :
Ajout d'une base de donn
es contenant 904 isototopes.
Le petit historique est maintenant disponible en anglais.
Outils :
Ajout d'un ensemble de routines permettant d'effectuer des calculs courants (nombre de moles, masse, volume, concentrations, ...)
V 1.1
Fonctions g
rales :
Possibilit
d'afficher les temp
ratures en degr
s Celcius ou en Kelvin.
Classification p
riodique :
Ajout de propri
s concernant le type de l'
ment (m
tal alcalin, halog
ne,...).
Possibilit
de tracer 15 des propri
s disponibles dans un graphique, en fonction du num
ro atomique.
:866P
ChemTools 3.0 : Introduction
Menus et fonctions...
110U&Classification p
riodique des
ments
100U,Calcul de masse molaire,
analyse
mentaire
Projets futurs
Enregistrement.
Avertissements
Remerciements
Incitation...
Nouveaut
s / V 1.0
L'auteur
Modules externes
Raccourcis
es...
"Data.app)@
Table1
ColA12
ColB12
ColA13
ColB13
ColA14
ColB14
Index1
ColA14
YA Although this program was extensively tested, it still might contain some bugs. If you find one, please let me know immediately, so I can fix it quickly.
However, you use this program for your own risk, and I shall not accept any liability for any data loss, software or hardware problems as a direct or indirect result of using this program.
Table1
Titre
Contenu
Ordre
Arial
Arial
Other programs!
998/B
A I keenly encourage all the chemists who own an EPOC32 based palmtop to contact me. If you use this program, please let me know. I will be interested in any idea you give me to add features or databases to the future releases of ChemTools. Any "interesting feedback/collaboration might be rewarded by a "friendly licence" which will turn your version of the program to a fully functional one (plugins allowed) with a 60 days evaluation period.
BMain window :
The shortcuts concerning the menu functions are displayed in it.
Enter : Displays more properties.
i : Displays the isotopes.
x : Displays the RX properties.
h : Displays the historical.
e : Displays the complete element record.
p : Launchs the plugin quick launch popup menu.
Esc : Brings ChemTools to background.
Arrows : they allow you to move in any direction in the periodic table.
Graph window :
Left and right arrows : move on the atomic number axis.
Spacebar : copy the current element information to the log buffer.
Esc : quit.
User DB editing window :
Left and right arrows : move like the buttons "previous" and "next".
a..z : Jumps to the first record beginning by the specified letter.
Esc : quit.
BI can be reached through several ways:
E-mail: chemtools@altern.org
Attention : for any bug/problem report, please mention the version you are using and check on my homepage for a possible update.
Homepage: http://www.chez.com/chemtools
Here you can always find the latest version of my programs.
Snail mail:
Guillaume Sabouraud
3, rue d'Assas
75006 Paris
FRANCE
Telephone : +33 (0)6 80 94 11 43
Fax : +33 (0)6 80 94 11 53
SMS : 0680941143@sms.itineris.tm.fr (160 characters maximum, free of charge)
NOTE: This home address is very likely to change in the near future. Always check my home page or simply send me an email to get the most recent one.
hC The features I would like to add are : a print function for the log, bugs fixing, and a few simple functions. Of course, if you are a registered user, you have the right to ask for features you wish to include in the main program.
Here are some of my plans:
*For the periodic Table :
*Chemistry oriented calculus plugins :
-Equations equilibrium.
-Calculus of percent ionic character.
*Other databases :
-(pK, redox potentials, ...)
-Electrodes potentials.
Plugins :
-Calculus on pH (buffer solutions,...), titration simulations,... all using the pK database.
-External ASCII data import/conversion/treatment/export : plotting and smoothing, derivatives, integrates,... The only limitations to the applications would only be your imagination and would certainly not be limited for a chemistry use !
-Calculus in electrochemistry...
-Chemical structure drawing !
BFrom the same author :
ChemTools_LE
Light freeware version of ChemTools with less features.
MWTcalc (macro)
Chemistry macro for Macro5 by Pascal Nicolas:
Useful complement for ChemTools and ChemTools_LE, it allows you to compute the average molecular weight of a molecule but with less features than the tool included in ChemTools. This program can get the formula from the highlighted text in any program and paste the result just after it.
ChemForm (macro)
Chemistry macro for Macro5 by Pascal Nicolas:
This macro makes the formatting of a highlighted formula very easy under the internal word processor by automatically applying a subscript format to the figures.
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Times New Roman
Dessin
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
DDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUffffffffffff
&Paint.app
Times New Roman
Dessin
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
DDDDDDDDDDDDUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUffffffffffff
&Paint.app
ChemTools is a software dedicated to chemists, biochemists or any other scientifics who have to do with the materials in a molecular point of view. It is built upon a periodic table of the elements in which you'll find more than 28 properties for each element. There are also some datas on the isotopes and the RX properties of each element.
This program has a very powerful tool for calculating the molecular weight of molecules and macromolecules as well as a few plugins to perform everyday calculus...
The registered users get the possibility to develop or to use plugins that will be accessible directly in the program and that will be able to use it's databases and procedures.
The first time you run this program, please make sure to set the preferences correctly.
Attention ! This is a shareware. However, another version of this program (ChemTools_LE) was released as a freeware containing all the basic periodic table information but no extra functions. You can download it on the same site.
"). Cheques are not accepted from foreign users. If enough people ask for it, I'll add the possibility to register via RegNet.
oH The periodic table of the elements is located in the main screen of the program. You can choose an element by clicking on it with the stylus, or by using the searching functions in the PerTbl menu. You can also use the arrow keys to move in the table. The properties displayed directly for each element are :
-Atomic number
-Symbol
-State information : solid, liquid, gas, sythetically prepared.
-Type : type of the element (metal, metalloid, halogen, noble gaz,...)
-Name (according to the selected language)
-Average molecuar weight (g.mol-1l) based upon carbon 12.
-Volumic weight (g.cm-3) at 300K for the solids and 273K, 1atm (NCTP) for he gases.
-Electronic configuration.
-Electronegativity (Pauling's)
-Oxydation degrees (most common one between brackets).
When you click with your stylus on the zoomed element at the top left corner, or use the function "More properties..." in the PerTbl menu, you display a window with more properties on the selected element. :
-Melting point (NCTP unless otherwise stated).
-Boiling point (NCTP unless otherwise stated).
-Crystal structure type and parameters in pm.
-Ionisation potentials : 1st, 2nd and 3rd (eV).
-Radiuses : atomic, covalent, ionic (in pm)
-Cp : Specific Heat Capacity in J.g-1.K-1
-Lv : Heat of vaporization in kJ.mol-1
-Lf : Heat of fusion in kJ.mol-1
-Electrical conductivity in S.cm-1
-Thermal conductivity in W.K-1.cm-1
-Expansion coefficient in units per Kelvin.
-Modulus of delasticity in MPa
-Electronic affinity (in eV)
-X2 bond formation energy in kJ.mol-1.
-Electronegativity (Allred and Rochow scale).
A database containing 904 of the most common isotopes and their properties (weight number, abundance, molar weight, spin and half life time) is also accessible (Menu PerTbl, Isotopes...).
Another database gives you more information on the RX properties of the selected element : emission energy, absorption energy, and fluorescent yield (Menu PerTbl, RX...).
You can also access a little historical presenting the discoverer, the date and the place where the element was discovered and generalities about the element (Menu PerTbl, Historical...).
CAttention : the unregistered users or th ones who don't own a "friendly licence" can only run one plugin per program session !
Installing a plugin
Copy the files used by the plugin in the "\plugins\" subfolder of the main program. As soon as the plugins function in the tools menu is called, a dialog will automatically appear, asking you what plugin to run.
Developement
Contact the author to receive a documentation explaining how to develop plugins for ChemTools (how to access ChemTools' internal databases and procedures from your plugin).
As a registered user, you can contact me to ask me how to access a specific data or procedure of my program. I will then add the necessary information in the documentation so that every registered user can benefit from it.
If you have any trouble when developping your plugin, do not hesitate to ask for my help. If you give me the source code of your plugin, it might help me to solve your problem and it won't be distributed without your permission.
site.
G This function (Tools Menu) allows you to compute the average molecular weight of almost any molecule or macromolecule. The procedure is also called by the "solutions" functions of the same menu. This tool also provides the elemental analysis of the given molecule when no user symbols or variable suffixes are used.
You can use up to 10 levels of brackets ( ( ) or [ ] ) and the maximum lengh of the formula is of 255 characters.
As you could see in the previous examples, you can use non integer values for the suffixes : you must only rememer one thing when you do this : check that you use the accurate decimal separator. When you use the dot as a decimal separator, any coma will have a neutral effect in the formula and vice versa.
All the symbols of the elements in the periodic table are accepted. You can also add your user symbols (unlimited number) in the user database after having calculated a molecular weight.
A user symbol or element must have the following syntax : start with an upper-case letter and continue with lower-case letters only you mustn't put any other sign or number in your symbol ! However, an extended syntax allows you to use any character for a user symbol as far as thei are put betweeen braces { }. When giving to a user symbol the same symbol as one of the chemical elements, it won't have an awckward effect. Indeed, by setting the priority to use when an ambiguous situation is met (in the preferences) you can choose that the chemical element or the user symbol will have the priority or that a dialog is needed to choose (this is the default and recommended mode).
At last, if you have used some lower-case letters as variable suffixes in the formula, you can choose after the calculus to evaluate the result (one or several times) : the program will ask you for the numerical value of the used variables and will return the final result.
xD Thanks to :
-Eberhard Rompf and Heiner Ryssel for their collaboration on the German translation of this program
-Momo, Thierry, Patrice and Sa
d for their helpful pieces of advice given during the coffee breaktimes at the LRPME (Laboratory of Research on the Electroative Polymers and Materials).
rald Aubard, Fr
ric Botton, Christophe Cordonnier, Stefan Smith and Steve Litchfield.
-Jean Perri
re and Laurent Plomb of Widget France (http://www.widget-france.com).
-Mark Fitzpatrick for the clipboard handling procedures : any developer can use them free of charge..
-Eberhard Rompf, John Woodthorpe.
-You for supporting this program (and being a registered user ?).
-All the people who helped me in any way and I could have forgotten here.
Special thanks to my girlfriend Annabelle who withstanded looking at me while I was working for hours on my Psion or my PC to make this program. She was kind enough to look at the backlighted screen when I asked her to do so and she said "Oh, It' so beautiful ! ... And so fascinating !" (She doesn't know and doesn't want to know anything about chemistry and computer science but I love her !).
TDPeace of mind...
If you use and appreciate this program, don't forget to register. If you have some "interesting suggestions" to make, please contact me : you might get a friendly licence which will bring you a fully functional version of this program (plugins allowed) for 60 days.
Comparing the (numerical) properties between a few elements...
Clean the log content. Run the graph procedure, choosing the property you want to study. Then simply point the elements and press the space bar when you want to copy the value to the log : do this as many times as you need.
Run the print function of the menu : you'll get the printed version of the graphic with all the num
rical values you wanted to point out under it !
When you come back to the main screen, start the log dialog : your data are still ready to be edited and copied to any application via the clipbard...
You don't remember where the gadolinum is located ??? Don't worry !
Do not forget to use the search features (by symbol or by name, in the PerTbl menu). If one occurence is found, an arrow will show you the place on the periodic table.
@ This is a shareware, it is not freeware ! You can freely evaluate it during 30 days but must pay if you con
tinue to use this program after this delay.
If you register, you will have free updates for the next releases of this program and the possibility to use or develop some external plugins.
The registration fee is of 100FF (or 15Euro or $20 or
12 : the other currencies are not accepted), cash or by a postal order in French Francs. After the 01/01/1999, I will accept the foreign cheques in Euros (15E). French users can send me a cheque (see how to contact me in the section "The author"). Cheques are not accepted from foreign users. If enough people ask for it, I'll add the possibility to register via RegNet.
Registering is also possible online with a secure registration form but it will cost a little bit more due to their costs. see on my homepage for a link to RegNet.
RChemTools
Preferences : you can choose there the language of the ressource file to use (if several are installed), the number of significant figures used to display the majority of the numerical values and the results for the calculus, the temperature unit (
C, K or
F), the unit for the energies displayed in the RX properties (eV or equivalent wavelengh in angstr
m), the method to use when there is an ambiguity in the molecular weight calculus (see the concerned section), the A&B subgroups convention, the info flag, the sound"s voluume.
Log : brings the log window to the screen and allows you to modify it and/or to copy it's content to the clipboard as well as to print it.
Quit : no comments...
_________________________________________
PerTbl
More properties... : displays a new window with more properties on the selected element. You can access this function by simply clicking with your stylus just above the "zoomed" element at the top left corner of the screen. To quit this new screen, press any key or click on the screen.
Isotopes : displays the list of the most common isotopes of the selected element : weight number, molar weight (based upon carbon 12), abundance, spin and half life time. To quit this new screen, press any key or click on the screen.
RX : displays the RX properties for the current element : energy of emission, energy of absorption (in eV or angstr
m) and the fluorescence yield.
Historical : displays the discoverer, the date and the place where the element was discovered and generalities about the element. This information is put in an edit box that allows you to copy it into the clipboard after modifying it if necessary.
Complete element record : displays the information present on the screen at any time and the information you get when you call the "more properties" screen. You get a dialog like the history/log one.
Search by symbol : no comments...
Search by name : no comments...
Graphic : a chosen property is plotted versus the atomic number of the elements. After choosing the property, the graphic is plotted in an autoscale mode. You can then click and drag your stylus or use the arrow keys to move over the graphic and display the atomic number, the symbol, the name, and the value of the property plotted for the element under the cursor. The current element's information can be copied to the log by pressing the space bar.
You can print the resulting graphic and the log at one time by choosing the print function from the menu.
When the graph is on the screen, just type the letter(s) of the element's symbol you are interested in and it will be displayed immediatly.
For generalities, please read the section on the Periodic Table in this help file.
_________________________________________
Tools
Molecular weight : see the specific section of this help file for how to use this function.
Solutions : Moles-Quantity : allows to convert weights (or volumes for the liquids) in moles and vice versa.
Solutions : Concentration-Volume-Weight : allows to perform calculus between concentrations, volumes and weights (to prepare a solution with a known concentration for example).
Plugins : (registered users only) scans the plugins directory for installed plugins and allows you to run one of them...
Calculator : this function displays a dialog in which you can type in a mathematical formula that will be evaluated. The result can be copied to the log
_________________________________________
DataBases
User : runs a sub-program to view/edit the user's data used in the molecular weight calculus procedures.
The records are in the alphabetical order of the symbol. You can use the previous/next buttons to move in the database as well as the A..Z keys to jump to the first record begining by this letter.
Constants 1 : displays a few universal constants that are sometimes useful (chemistry). Select a value with the up and down arrows and quit the dialog with the "Enter" key to copy the value to the clipboard ; otherwise, quit by using the "Esc." key.
Constants 2 : displays a few universal constants that are sometimes useful (physics). Same remarks as above to copy the values to the clipboard.
User information : this function allows you to add some further information specific to each element which are saved in a file. This information can be exported to the log.
_________________________________________
Help : you must know what it is as you read this !
Vocabulary : this menu item only appears if you have installed the optionl corresponding file. It is intended for the beginners, non chemists, or curious who want some general information...
Register : This is a very good thing to do : register and you will have there a nice dialog box to enter your activation key! Read the specific section in this help file.
About : No comments...
Arial
Arial
Arial
@V 3.0
Complete multilingual handling :
A complete restructuration of the program allows it to be translated into any language very easily. Using one language at a time saves some memory. The German language has been added to the already available French and English, many thanks to Eberhard Rompf and Heiner Ryssel for their collaboration on this translation.
Warning : this change in the languages handling has affected the "old" plugins. Please remove any file from the old "Redox" and "Vapor" plugins and download the latest plugins files.
Language preferences :
Two kinds of language ressource files are present : the one concerning the interface is unique (ChemTools.rsc) and is chosen during the instalation, and the second one which concerns the elements names and historical information is installed in all the available languages by default (ChemTools.lngXX where XX is the standard two letters code for the language coded in the EPOC installer that is to say EN for the UK English, FR fro the standard French, and GE for the standard German.). You may deletethe files that do not correspond to your interface but if you keep them, you will get a new line in the preferences dialog to choose the ressource file you want to use. The change will be applied immediately and you will get the elements names and historic in the chosen language.
Online registration :
It is now possible for unregistered users to use the secure transactions forms of Regnet. The fee is a little bit higher, due to their costs.
A nicer trial period :
The unregistered users wil have now a 99,9% functionnal program : they may now run one plugin per program session. I also removed the nag screen at the end of the program. Two more reasons to register this time !
Elemental analysis :
A new feature has been added to the existing molecular weight calculation tool. It will now be possible to get the elemental analysis that corresponds to the formula. Please notice that this function will only give results for the formulas that do not have user defined symbols or variable suffixes.
A small fix was also done on the molecular weight calculator that didn't have a protection when using more than the authorized 10 brackets level.
Vocabulary :
New hit from Eberhard Rompf, my great beta tester and German translator who compiled a list of definitions for the beginners and non chemist. This file can be loaded from the help menu and is optional.
Other changes :
The data from the internal log are now saved between two sesions and can be printed.
When you have plotted a property versus the atomic number, you can print the final graph with the log, this is the best way to compare the properties between some elements : empty the log, plot the property you want to study, move on the graphic and add the elements information to the log with the space bar, and choose the print function from the menu. Something else new : when the graph is on the screen, just type the letter(s) of the element's symbol you are interested in and it will be displayed immediatly.
The too little display size (of Psion Series 5) caused a problem to display and use the top button of the full element record window. This was fixed by removing the top title of the dialog box.
A few internal modifications to accelerate some routines.
It is now possible for ChemTools to be closed by the system screen or PsiWin when it is in the plot mode or the user data editing mode (except during a dialog !).
New welcome screen and new program icon.
That's all for this version !!!
V 2.41
Stupid bug :
This minor fix concerns only the new users of ChemTools who could not install and use ChemTools 2.4 properly : the default preferences file get corrupted and cannot be used. I am working on the conversion of this program to use any language (as far as I find translators...).
V 2.4
Installation :
ChemTools is now available as a SIS package for an easier installation.
Molecular weight calculator :
The molecular weight calculator didn't use the CTENG$:(real) procedure to format the result. Now, the result can be displayed correctly, whatever the weight is, and respecting the number of signifiant figures set in the preferences. Thanks to Peter Lovell for reporting this.
Minor fixes :
Menu keyboard shortcuts that didn't work (Ctrl+Maj+M,...).
Filled missing historical data in English for O, Si, and Ni.
Other tiny mistakes...
V 2.3
Periodic table :
Three properties added : the electronic affinity, the X2 bond formation energy, and the electronegativity with Allred and Rochow's scale (graphic function available for the first two properties).
Layout :
As well as it had to be done with the elements buttons, I have replaced the "standard OPL" quick acces buttons by some simple buttons which are more legible.
General :
A minor bug was fixed in the registration process : the users who tried to enter their registration key after the delay had some problems when they didn't reinstall the whole program. I hope that this fix willl be useless as any user should register before this 30 days period !!!
The registering key was changed for an easier typing : it's better to enter GTEHCNRKGU than G\)$T3,%#F. I apologize for the regisered users who had to enter their new personal key.
Plugins :
A new quick access button was added (associated key shortcut "m") to run the last plugin used or to scan again the plugins directory to run another one.
A new plugin was developped on an idea and with the help of Martin H. Magnusson. It's purpose is to give the temperature needed to have a vapor pressure of 0.1, 1, and 400Torr for the most common metals. It is also possible for certain elements to perform an aproximate calculus to get the vapor pressure from a given temperature and vice versa.
V 2.2
Layout :
The interface has been again modified : the standard toolbar was replaced by 11 quick access buttons.
General :
You can now add personal information for each element (missing properties...). This information is saved in a file and can be exported to the log.
Two constants pages are now available and it is possible to copy their value to the clipboard to use them in the calculator...
Molecular weight and solutions calculus :
An extended syntax was added for the user symbols : the old rule was to put only letters, begining by an uppercase ne and continuing with only lowercase ones, you can now put any kind of character as far as you put them between braces : { }.
Tools :
A simple "calculator" was added to the "Tools" menu. You can use it to evluate almost any kind of expression.
Plugins :
A plugin that gives the redox potentials and half reactions for more than 500 systems is now available.
V 2.12
Layout :
The elements in the periodic table aren't displayed in a standard S5 button anymore. This results in a speed improvement when drawing the table and in the possibility to use a bigger font.
General :
A minor change in the database to satisfy a few "fussy" users : I put the English and American spelling for the two following elements : S and Al (Don't worry John, you're not the only one and I agree that it is better this way!).
V 2.11
General :
New welcome screen. Changed it also to a 4 colors mode to speed up the program's startup and to use less memory.
Correction of a few clerical errors in the English ressources.
V 2.1
General :
A log buffer was added. Some datas can be copied to it manualy or automatically. You can then edit and copy the log to the clipboard for a further use in any other application.
An important remark must be made about the dialogs which have a multi lines editing feature : when the text is longuer than the window, the cursor appears at the bottom and you first think that thre's nothing in ! It's not my fault, the OPL's procedure is done like this, you just have to use the scroll bars and you will be able to view everything !
Some shortcuts were added : you can have the full list of them in the "Shortcuts" section of this help file.
The startup is visibly quicker but the graphic ressources 13k bigger to allow this.
You can setup an info flag in the preferences to display ... some information when doing special actions.
A few sounds are associated to some events (set the volume in the preferences).
Graphic procedure :
The layout was enhanced. You can now use the arrow keys to move from one element to another. When you press the space bar, the current element information is copied to the log.
Molecular weight and solutions calculus :
You can evaluate more than one time the molecular weight of a variable weight molecule without restarting the whole procedure.
The results can be copied to the log.
Christophe Cordonnier reported me some bugs when inputing some aberrant values in these procedures. It is now fixed.
Periodic table :
There are two different conventions to display the A&B subgroups. An option was added to the preferences, allowing to choose the one you usually use.
Due to the need for many users to copy the information about the elements to other applications, a "Complete/full element record" feature was added : it displays all the information about the current element to a dialog similar to the log one. You can modify it to fit your needs and copy it to the log or directly to th
e clipboard.
V 2.01
Mixed-up :
My program gets bigger and bigger... so I didn't take the time to check everything and there were a few minor bugs (special thanks to Eberhard Rompf who helps me a lot with my program and who noticed this).
V 2.0
General :
F added to the temperature options. A few visual and utilisation improvements in the periodic table (quick access buttons,...).
The program is limited to 30 days of evaluation. You must register after this delay.
Registered users can develop or use external plugins.
Varied :
A few useful constants added to the Database menu.
Little bug fixed in the Quit keyboard shortcut when the language is set to English.
Better error handling in the molecular weight calculus procedures.
Periodic table :
Two properties added : the coefficient of expansion and the modulus of elasticity (graphic function available for these properties).
New database on the RX properties added, it provides : emission energy, absorption energy, and fluorescent yield (Possibility to display the energies in eV or in their wavelengh equivalent in angstr
m; you make this choice in the preferences.).
The historical is displayed in a new dialog which allows to view it properly, to modify it and to copy it in the clipboard if necessary.
Molecular weight calculus :
The user symbols are now edited from the main program ; it becomes very easy to add them just after a calculus. Owing to a new parameter in the preferences, it is now possible to use a user symbol which is identical to a chemical element (a priority can be chosen as well as a dialog in the situation is ambiguous).
It is now possible to evaluate a variable molecular weight (the acquisition of the numerical value of the suffixes is assisted automatically by the program).
V 1.21
Small bug fixed in the English historical. Awful bug fixed when formatting the numbers if the decimal separator is the dot (Thanks a lot to Christophe for reporting this to me :-) ).
V 1.2
General :
No need to set the decimal separator in the preferences : it's automatic.
General improvement to display most of the numericals with the number of the digits you specify in the preferences.
Periodic table :
A database of 904 isotopes was added.
The historical is now available in English.
Tools :
A set of functions designed to perform everyday calculus (between number of moles, weight, volume, concentration, ...) was added.
V 1.1
General functions :
You can now choose to display the temperatures in
C or K.
Periodic table :
Properties added : type of element (alkali earth metal, halogen, noble gas...).
You can now plot 15 of the properties of each element versus the atomic number.
ndiger ElementberichtSuche nach Symbol...Suche nach Namen...Zeichne Eigenschaft...ErgebnisseMole - MengeKonzentration - Volumen - GewichtToolsMolekulargewicht...Module...Rechner...DatenbankenBenutzer (MG Berechnung)Konstanten...(1)Konstanten..(2)Pers
nliche Elementinformationen...LanthanoideActinoideArbeitet...Eingabe der FormelFortsetzenStornierenFormel ist nicht ausgef
llt !Molekulargewicht(variabel)Berechnen (Variable)Kopieren nach
ge Benutzer DB
beiDaten zum Log kopiertBerechnenFormelReagensfl
ssigkeit?BerechnungsartMols=>MengeMenge=>MoleEs trat ein Fehler bei der Berechnung des Molekulargewichts auf !Es kann kein Ergebnis erzielt werden, falls das Molekulargewicht variabel oder 0 ist!DichteReagensfl
ssigkeit, Dichte angebenReagensfl
ssigkeitBenutze das GewichtBenutze das VolumenAnzahl der Mole (mol)Gewicht (g)Volumen (L)Konzentration-Volumen=>GewichtVolumen-Gewicht=>KonzentrationGewicht-Konzentration=>VolumenKonzentration (mol/L)Suche nach installierten Modulen...Kein Modul gefunden !Ausf
hrenDas letzte Modul ist nicht installiert !Unregistrierte Version !Letztes Modul nicht definiertandereSyntaxfehler !Fehler !Ergebnis der BerechnungEingabe eines Symbols zum SuchenGefunden !Nicht gefunden !Eingabe eines Teiles des Namens zum SuchenGEEberhard Rompf & Heiner Ryssel3.0SpracheSignifikante StellenTemperaturEnergie / Wellenl
ngeMolekulargewichtsberechnungBenutzersymbole zuerstSymbole des Periodensystems zuerstFrage; falls Zweifel bestehenTausche A-B Gruppen ausZeige InformationenLautst
rkeAusgeschaltetLeiseMittelLaut
bersetzerWollen Sie wirklich beenden?JaNeinEdelgasHalogenNichtmetallHalbmetall / Halbleiter
(A&R) :Elekt. Affin. :X2 BindungsenergieIsotopen f
rAbd%Eigenschaften R
ntgenstrahlenEnergie R
ntgenstrahlenemission/Wellenl
ntgenstrahlenabsorbtion/Wellenl
ngeErtrag der R
ntgenstrahlen-FluoreszenzBenutzerelement-Information :SpeichernBekannt seit dem Altertum.Entdeckt invonKopieren nach
ClipboardOKDaten zum Clipboard kopiertElementRegistrierter BenutzernameRegistrierungscodeDemoversion von :Lizensiert f
r :Vielen Dank f
r die Registrierung.
Geben Sie niemals Ihre pers
nlichen Code an andere weiter !ChemTools l
dt...Bitte registrieren !ChemTools schlie
t...W
hle ein Modul...Editiere das LogL
schenDrucken...Gel
scht !Warnung :
Die maximale Loggr
e wurde erreicht !Gewicht Null nicht erlaubt !Ung
ltige Taste !Identisches Periodensystem und Benutzersymbol :BeschreibungBenutzerUnbekanntes Element oder Benutzesymbol :Eingabe der variablen IndicesVariables Molekulargewicht berechnetnoch einmalTasten : <--,-->, Leertaste, Stift (ESC zum Beenden)Elektronegativit
t (Pauling)DichteSchmelzpunktSiedepunkt1. Ionisierungspotentional2. Ionisierungspotentional3. IonisierungspotentionalAtombindungkovalente BindungIonenbindungW
rmeinhaltSchmelzw
rmeVerdampfungshitzeelektische Leitf
higkeitthermische Leitf
higkeitAusdehnungskoeffizientElastizit
tsmodulelektronische Affinit
tX2 BindungsenergieWahl einer Eigenschaft zum ZeichnenEigenschaftAN"Esc" dr
cken, um zu beenden...sucheEditiere EintragSymbolWollen Sie diesen Eintrag wirklich l
schen?Es ist nicht m
glich, einen Eintrag zu l
schen, wenn es der einzige ist !EintragEditor der pers
nlichen Symboldatenbankvorhern
chsterEditierenL
schenf
lle ausF
ge ein neues Benutzersymbol hinzu"Enter" dr
cken, um den Wert ins Clipboard zu kopierenmolares VolumenUniv. GaskonstanteProtonenmasseElektronenmasseNeutronenmasseElektronenladungBohrsche BindungBohrsches MagnetonLichtgeschwindigkeit (Vakuum)Warnung :
Diese Software ist Shareware, keine freie Software. Sie k
nnen frei w
hrend 30 Tagen das Programm testen, aber danach m
ssen Sie registrieren.Sie haben eine "Freundlizenz" : ihre Testphase ist auf 60 Tage befristet und Sie k
nnen die Module benutzen.Sie haben das Ende der Testphase
berschritten. Sie m
ssen jetzt registrieren.noch freie Tage :Tage nach der Testphase :GrundanalyseF
r diese neue Version wird der Testtageberechner wieder auf 0 gesetzt... Registrieren sie, dieses Mal !e
rterbuchMaximale Klammeranzahl erreicht !Programm korrupt !Haben Sie versucht, das Zeitlimit zu umgehen ???ChemTools mu
nun neu installiert werden !!!Sie sind bereits registriert !Fehler beim Drucken !
berpr
fen Sie die Verbindung oder Ihre Konfiguration.Druck erfolgreich !
mission RXEnergie/longueur d'onde d'absorption RXRendement de fluorescence RX (%)Informations personnalis
es de l'
ment :EnregistrerConnu depuis l'antiquit
couvert enparCopier vers
presse-papiersOKDonn
es copi
es dans le presse-papiersEl
mentNom d'utilisateur enregistr
de d
bridageVersion de d
monstration de :Version enregistr
e par :Merci de vous
tre enregistr
Ne donnez jamais votre cl
personnelle
un autre utilisateur !Chargement de Chemtools...Enregistrez-vous !Fermeture de ChemTools en cours...Choisissez un module...Edition du journalEffacerImprimer...Effac
!Attention :
Taille maximale du journal atteinte !Masse nulle non autoris
e !Caract
re non autoris
!Symboles chimique et utilisateur identique :DescriptifUtilisateurEl
ment ou symbole utilisateur inconnu :Saisie des indices variablesMasse molaire variable
eEncore...Touches : <--, -->, espace, pointeur (Esc pour quitter)
lectron
gativit
(Pauling)densit
point de fusionpoint d'
bullition1er potentiel d'ionisation2
me potentiel d'ionisation3
me potentiel d'ionisationrayon atomiquerayon covalentrayon ioniquecapacit
calorifiquechaleur latente de fusionchaleur latente de vaporisationconductivit
lectriqueconductivit
thermiquecoefficient d'expansionmodule d'
lasticit
affinit
lectronique
nergie de liaison X2Choisissez la propri
tracerPropri
NAAppuyez sur "Esc" pour quitter...Chercher...Edition de la ficheSymboleVoulez-vous vraiment supprimer l'enregistrement ?Pas possible de supprimer si un seul
ment !FicheEditeur de la base de donn
es de symboles personnelsPr
dentSuivantEditerSupprimer-- remplissez --Ajout d'une formule personnalis
ePressez "Entr
e" pour copier la valeur dans le presse papiers...Volume molaire std.Constante gaz univ.Masse protonMasse
lectronMasse neutronCharge
lectronRayon de BohrMagn
ton de BohrVitesse de la lumi
re (vide)Attention : ce programme est un shareware, il n'est pas gratuit. Vous pouvez l'
valuer gratuitement pendaant une p
riode de 30 jours mais vous devez vous enregistrer pass
ce d
lai.Vous avez une "licence amicale" : le d
lai d'
valuation est port
60 jours et vous pouvez utiliser les modules.Vous avez d
le d
lai d'
valuation. Le programme va aintenant fermer.Jours d'
valuation restant :Jours de d
passement :Analyse
mentairePour cette nouvelle version, votre compteur d'
de tricher avec la date limite ???Vous devez maintenant r
installer ChemTools !!!Vous
tes d
enregistr
!Erreur lors de l'impression !
rifiez vos connections ou configuration.Impression r
ussie !
7 ^ ~
SystemLogPluginsPlotFullPersoHistIsoXRPrefsHelpQuitHelpRegister...About...Preferences...Quit...Edit log...More properties...Isotopes...X-Rays...Historical...Full element record...Search by symbol...Search by name...Plot a property...SolutionsMoles - QuantityConcentration - Volume - WeightToolsMolecular weight...Plugins...Calculator...DataBasesUser (MWT calc)Constants... (1)Constants... (2)Personal element information...LanthanidesActinidesWorking...Input the formulaContinueCancelFormula is blank !Molecular weight(variable)Evaluate (variable)Copy to
logAdd to user DBData copied to the logEvaluateFormulaLiquid reagent ?Type of calculusMoles => QuantityQuantity => MolesThere was an error during molecular weight calculus !It's not possible to perform the calculus if the molecular weight is variable or 0 !DensityLiquid reagent, specify the densityLiquid reagentUse the weightUse the volumeNumber of moles (mol)Weight (g)Volume (L)Concentration-Volume => WeightVolume-Weight => ConcentrationWeight-Concentration => VolumeConcentration (mol/L)Scanning for installed plugins...No plugins found !RunThe last plugin is not installed !Unregistered version !Last plugin undefinedOther...Syntax error !Error !Result of the calculusInput the symbol to searchFound !Not found !Input a part of the name to searchENG. Sabouraud3.0LanguageSignificant figuresTemperatureEnergy / WavelenghMolecular weight calculusUser symbols firstPeriodic table symbols firstAsk if ambiguousSwap A-B groupsShow infoSound levelDisabledLowMediumLoudTranslator(s)Are you sure you want to quit ?YesNonoble gashalogennon metallicmetalloid / semiconductortransition metalalcali metalalkaline earth metalmetalrare earth (lanthanide)rare earth (actinide)SolidLiquidGasSynthetically prepared elementhexagonalcubic, body centeredrhomboedralcubiccubic, face centeredmonoclinicorthorhombictetragonaldiamond structureundeterminedCrystal structure (pm) :Mwt :Dens :EN(Pauling) :OD :Melting point :Boiling point :Ion. pot. (eV) :Radii (pm) :Atomic :Covalent :Ionic :Coefficients :Conductivities :Electrical :Thermal :Coef. of expansion :Elasticity mod. :EN (A&R) :Elec.
affin. :X2 bond energ. :Isotopes forAbd%X-Ray propertiesX-Ray emission energy/wavelenghX-Ray absorption energy/wavelenghX-Ray fluorescent yield (%)User element information :SaveKnown throughout the ages.Discovered inbyCopy to
clipboardOKData copied to the clipboardElementRegistered user nameRegistration keyDemo version of :Licenced to :Thanks for registering.
Never give your personal key to somebody else !ChemTools is loading...Please register !ChemTools is closing...Choose a plugin...Editing the logClearPrint...Cleared !Warning :
The maximum log size was reached !Null weight not allowed !Illegal character !Identical periodic table and user symbol :DescriptionUserUnknown element or user symbol :Input the variable suffixesEvaluated variable molecular weightAgain...Keys : <--, -->, space, stylus (Esc to quit)electronegativity (Pauling)densitymelting pointboiling point1st ionisation potential2nd ionisation potential3rd ionisation potentialatomic radiuscovalent radiusionic radiusspecific heat capacityheat of fusionheat of vaporizationelectrical conductivitythermal conductivitycoefficient of expansionmodulus of elasticityelectronic affinityX2 bond energyChoose the property to plotPropertyANPress "Esc" to exit...Find...Edit recordSymbolDo you really want to delete this record ?It's not possible to delete the record if it is the only one !RecordPersonal symbols database editorPreviousNextEditDelete-- fill in --Add a new user symbolPress "Enter" to copy the value to the clipboard...Std. molar volumeUniv. gas constantProton massElectron massNeutron massElectron chargeBohr radiusBohr magnetonSpeed of light (vaccum)Warning : this program is shareware, it is not free software. You can freely evaluate it during a period of 30 days but you must register after this delay.You have a "friendly licence" : your evaluation period is shifted to 60 days and you can use the plugins features.You have gone beyond the evaluation period.
You must now register.Trial days left :Days beyond trial time :Elemental analysisFor this new release, the trial time counter is set to 0 again...
Register, this time !e
VocabularyMaximum brackets level reached !Program corrupted !Did you try to cheat with the time limit ???You must now reinstall ChemTools !!!You are already registered !Error during printing !
Check your connections and configuration.Print successful !
1974.Soviet Nuclear Research/ U. of Cal at Berkeley
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
1976$Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (HIRL)
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2
1984$Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (HIRL)
[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2
1982$Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (HIRL)
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1
1994$Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (HIRL)
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1
1994$Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (HIRL)
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2
1996%GSI Darmstadt, P. Armbruster et coll.
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96485,309 C/molO
0,0529177249 nmO
9.2740154E-24 J/TO
1,6726231E-27 kgO
9,1093897E-31 kgO
1,67492E-27 kgO
1,60217733E-19 CO
299792458 m/sO
FaradayO
SHOWINFO%
SEPARATEUR$
CTREFORMAT$
*gffff
?RO |JO
CTENG$
(eV)
(eq.
DECIMALES%
|VWBQ}
|VWBQ}
CTENG$
CTENG$
SEPARATEUR$
ABGROUP%
CTGROUPLAYOUT
CTDISPLAYELEM
DECIMALES%
LANGS$
LANG$
MWTMOD%
ABGROUP%
SHOWINFO%
VOLSON%
CTPATHS$
C, K,
eV,Angstr
SELECT * FROM LangueK
NUMATOM%
HIST$
LIEU$
BUFFADDSTR
CTREGISTER
CTOPENHELP
CTCLOSEHELP
JOURINIT&
RSCID&
ChemTools +
3.0K+% shareware.
1998 Guillaume SabouraudK
OaD[R
NIVEAULICENCE
CTNAGSCREEN
CODE$
CLE2$
CODE$
Licence administrateurO
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcd
H{O<{
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcd
CTABOUTSCREEN
CTNEWPREFS
NIVEAULICENCE
CTNAGSCREEN
CTSCANLANG
CTNEWUSER
CTOPENLOG
CTNEWPREFS%
NBELE%
CTMAINPATH$
CTPATHS$
RSCID&
SHOWINFO%
DECIMALES%
JOURINIT&
CODE$
MENU%
MWTFORM$
MWTMOD%
ABGROUP%
VOLSON%
LASTPLUGNAME$
LASTPLUGPATH$
LANG$
CTNEWVERSION%
DBUMCOUNT%
VOCINSTALLED%
LOGBUFFADR&
ChemTools...O
ChemTools.appW
ChemTools.datK
ChemTools.lngK
ChemTools.rscK
C:\System\Data\ChemToolsPrefs
ChemToolsUser.datK
ChemTools.mbmK
ChemTools.hlpK
ChemToolsVoc.hlpK
Plugins\K
CTAD.opoK
Audio\Son1K
Audio\Son2K
Audio\Son3K
Audio\Son4K
ChemTools.logK
SELECT * FROM PreferencesK
LANGUE%
SHOWINFO%
DECIMALES%
JOURINIT&
CODE$
MENU%
LASTNA%
MWTFORM$
MWTMOD%
LASTPLUGNAME$
LASTPLUGPATH$
LANG$
CTRLVER
CTRLUID
ABGROUP%
VOLSON%
+ SHOWINFO%
DECIMALES%
+ JOURINIT&!
NOM$#
CODE$#
MENU%
MWTFORM$#
MWTMOD%
EVA%
ABGROUP%
VOLSON%
LASTPLUGNAME$#
LASTPLUGPATH$#
LANG$#
CTRLVER"
CTRLVER"
@2`[{
CTRLVER"
CTRLVER"
CTRLVER&
+ JOURINIT&%
SELECT * FROM ControleK
CTRLVER
CTRLUID
CTRLVER"
CTRLVER"
CTRLVER&
CTRLUID&
SELECT * FROM PerTblProp1K
NUMATOM%
SYMBOLE$
TYPE%
MASSE
TFUSION$
TEBULL$
MVOLUM
CONFIGELEC$
ETAT%
ANNEE$
DECOUVR$
SYSCRIST%
CRISTA
CRISTB
CRISTCA
RATOM
DEGRION$
CONDELEC
CONDTHERM
COEFEXPAN
MODULEELAST
SELECT * FROM PerTblProp2K
NUMATOM%
LIAIX2
AFFINELEC
SELECT * FROM LangueK
NUMATOM%
HIST$
LIEU$
SELECT * FROM PersoEleInfoK
NUMATOM%
PERSOINFO$
++ SELECT * FROM Utilisateur ORDER BY SymboleK
SYMBOLE$
DESCRIPTION$
MWTFORM$
MASSE$
LANGS$
CTPATHS$
CTNEWPREFS%
CTPATHS$
FIELDS Langue,ShowInfo,Decimales,JourInit,Nom(30),Code(10),Menu,LastNA,CK,Formule,MWTmode,eVA,lastPlugName,lastPlugPath,Lang,C4,C5,CtrlVer,CtrlUid,F3,F4,F5,ABgroup,VolSon,E3,E4,E5 TO PreferencesK
LANGUE%
SHOWINFO%
DECIMALES%
JOURINIT&
CODE$
MENU%
LASTNA%
MWTFORM$
MWTMOD%
LASTPLUGNAME$
LASTPLUGPATH$
LANG$
CTRLVER
CTRLUID
ABGROUP%
VOLSON%
LANGUE%$
+ SHOWINFO%$
DECIMALES%$
+ JOURINIT&%
NOM$'
CODE$'
MENU%$
LASTNA%$
MWTFORM$'
CH3CH2OH
MWTMOD%$
EVA%$
LASTPLUGNAME$'
LASTPLUGPATH$'
LANG$'
CTRLVER&
CTRLUID&
ABGROUP%$
VOLSON%$
CTPATHS$
NBELE%
+8 FIELDS Symbole,Description,MWTform,Masse TO UtilisateurK
SYMBOLE$
DESCRIPTION$
MWTFORM$
MASSE$
Symbole_
SYMBOLE$'
DESCRIPTION$'
Butyl
MWTFORM$'
CH3CH2CH2CH2
MASSE$'
57,11546
Index
Utilisateur
+) FIELDS NumAtom,PersoInfo TO PersoEleInfoK
NUMATOM%
PERSOINFO$
NUMATOM%$
PERSOINFO$' +
CTWAITSCREENKEY
IDAP%
IDAP%
CTPATHS$
CTCLOSEHELP
CTCLOSEVOC
CTSAVELOG
IDAP%
SHOWINFO%
DECIMALES%
JOURINIT&
CODE$
MENU%
MWTFORM$
MWTMOD%
ABGROUP%
VOLSON%
LASTPLUGNAME$
LASTPLUGPATH$
LANG$
RSCID&
LOGBUFFADR&
+ SHOWINFO%$
DECIMALES%$
+ JOURINIT&%
NOM$'
CODE$'
MENU%$
LASTNA%$
MWTFORM$'
MWTMOD%$
EVA%$
ABGROUP%$
VOLSON%$
LASTPLUGNAME$'
LASTPLUGPATH$'
LANG$'
c:\system\data\clpboard.cbdO
CBPUTBUF&
c:\system\data\clpboard.cbdO
CTPATHS$
LOGBUFFADR&
LOGMODIFIED%
LOGMODIFIED%
CTPATHS$
LOGBUFFADR&
BUFFADDSTR
LOGBUFFADR&
LOGMODIFIED%
BUFFADDBUFF
LOGBUFFADR&
LOGMODIFIED%
CBPUTBUF&
DISPINFOS
CTPRINTINFO
CTPRINTBUF
LOGBUFFADR&
LOGMODIFIED%
Ol@[*
DISPINFOS
LOGBUFFADR&
LOGO_ID%
CTPATHS$
{Od{(
ChemTools +
3.0K+
1998 Guillaume SabouraudK
VOLSON%
CTPATHS$
HANDLESOUND&
STATSOUND&
LONGUEUR%
POSITION%
INDICE%
DVARIABLE%
MASSEFIXE
MASSEVARIABLE$
CHAINEENCOURS$
POSITIONDEBUTENCOURS%
MASSEENCOURS
COEFFICIENTENCOURS
INDICEENCOURS$
MWTNA%
MWTEANA%
MWTEA
MWTINITIALISATION
MWTBOUCLECALCUL
CTENG$
MWTERREUR
MWTEACALC
MWTERR%
MWTVAR%
MWTRES$
MWTEA%
MWTTYPE%
MWTCALCTYPE1
MWTCALCTYPE4
MWTCALCTYPE5
MWTCALCTYPE8
MWTERREUR
POSITION%
LONGUEUR%
MWTCALCSYMBOLE
MWTTYPE%
MWTCALCNOMBRE
MASSEENCOURS
MWTERR%
COEFFICIENTENCOURS
MASSEFIXE
INDICE%
MWTEA%
MWTEA
MWTEANA%
MWTERREUR
INDICE%
POSITION%
MWTEACOPYDOWN
MWTTYPE%
CTENG$
MWTCALCNOMBRE
MWTEARAZ
POSITION%
LONGUEUR%
DVARIABLE%
INDICE%
MASSEVARIABLE$
MASSEFIXE
MWTEA%
INDICEENCOURS$
MWTFORM$
MWTIMV
COEFFICIENTENCOURS
MWTCALCSYMBOLESPECIAL
MWTTYPE%
MWTCALCNOMBRE
MASSEENCOURS
MWTERR%
MASSEFIXE
INDICE%
MWTTYPE%
MWTMASSE
POSITIONDEBUTENCOURS%
POSITION%
CHAINEENCOURS$
MWTFORM$
MWTTYPE%
MWTMASSE
POSITIONDEBUTENCOURS%
POSITION%
CHAINEENCOURS$
MWTFORM$
MWTTYPE%
POSITIONDEBUTENCOURS%
POSITION%
CHAINEENCOURS$
MWTFORM$
INDICE%
MWTEA
MWTEA
CTENG$
DECIMALES%
MWTEA
MWTEA$
MASSEFIXE
Op0[`
SYMBOLE$#
MASSE"
ROd|RO
MWTERR%
POSITION%
LONGUEUR%
***KO
MWTERREUR
POSITION%
LONGUEUR%
MWTFORM$
OZ4\[
Oz4\[
O94\[
O[@`[
O]@`[
O{@[
O}@[
: K)
SEPARATEUR$
MWTERREUR
MWTMOD%
MWTEA%
MWTEANA%
MWTFORM$
MASSE$#
MASSE"
MASSE$#
MASSE"
SYMBOLE$#
Element+
NOM$#
DESCRIPTION$#
MWTFORM$#
PerTblOp(
MASSE"
MASSE$#
MASSE"
MASSE$#
MWTEARAZ
MWTERR%
MWTEA%
MWTEA$
LONGUEUR%
MWTFORM$
POSITION%
INDICE%
CHAINEENCOURS$
MASSEFIXE
MASSEVARIABLE$
DVARIABLE%
MWTCOEFFICIENTS$
CTENG$
LOGADDSTR
DISPINFOS
MWTVAR%
MWTIMV
MWTFORM$
MWTRES$
MWTERR%
*** )
***KO
{ax),
{ax)-
g/molKO
CTENG$
MWTIMV
i=KO
IDGRAPH%
INDEXGRAPH%
EVGT&
FINGRAPH%
GRAPHD%
PROP%
GRAPHCHAINE$
PROPTRACEE$
MARGEG%
MARGED%
MARGEH%
MARGEB%
GRAPHMIN
GRAPHMAX
NELEM%
LELEM%
FACTEUR
VALEUR
GNNA%
GLNA%
GLASTNA%
GRAPHLOG%
GRAPHFINDSTR$
GRAPHDIAL
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GRAPHTRACE
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GRAPHBOUCLE
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W.W/O
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PROP%
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SEPARATEUR$
GRAPHVALEUR$
GRAPHMIN
GRAPHMAX
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FACTEUR
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SEPARATEUR$
GRAPHVALEUR$
GRAPHYECRAN
GRAPHPROPN$
INDEXGRAPH%
VALEUR
MARGEG%
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PROPTRACEE$
PROP%
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GRAPHMENU
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GNNA%
GLNA%
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NBELE%
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MARGEH%
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SEPARATEUR$
GRAPHVALEUR$
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GRAPHLOG%
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GNNA%
SYMBOLE$#
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CTPRINTBUF
IDGRAPH%
GRAPHMODE
GNNA%
GLNA%
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GNNA%
NBELE%
GLNA%
SEPARATEUR$
GRAPHVALEUR$
GRAPHPROPU$
GNNA%
LELEM%
MARGEG%
MARGEH%
MARGEB%
GRAPHCHAINE$
GLNA%
NUMATOM%
SYMBOLE$#
NOM$#
) : KS
CTENG$
CTTEMPCKF$
PROP%
MVOLUM"
TFUSION$#
TEBULL$#
POT1"
POT2"
POT3"
RATOM"
RCOV"
RION"
CONDELEC"
+ CONDTHERM"
+ COEFEXPAN"
MODULEELAST"
+ AFFINELEC"
LIAIX2"
PROP%
g/cm3
J/g/K
kJ/mol
kJ/mol
S/cm
W/K/cm
kJ/mol
DBUMSCR%
DBUMFIN%
DBUMPOS%
DBUMFINDSTR$
DBUMEV&
DBUMEVT&
DBUMEVM&
DBUMEVX&
DBUMEVY&
DBUMINIT
DBUMLAYOUT
DISPINFOS
DBUMCTLOOP
DBUMCLOSE
DBUMBOUTON
DBUMPRECEDENT
DBUMCHERCHE
DBUMSUIVANT
DBUMEDITER
DBUMSUPPRIMER
DBUMMENU
DBUMCHERCHE1
DBUMFIN%
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DBUMPOS%
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DBUMPOS%
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DBUMPOS%
DBUMCOUNT%
DBUMAFFICHE
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DBUMPOS%
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CTMOVEUa
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CTXRAYS
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CBPUTSTR&
CBGETBUF&E
CTOPENLOG
CTSAVELOG
LOGADDSTR
LOGADDBUFs
LOGEDIT
BUFFADDSTR
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CTPRINTBUF
CTPRINTINFO
MWTCALCw
MWTBOUCLECALCUL{
MWTCALCTYPE1d
MWTCALCTYPE4
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MWTTYPE%:
MWTMASSE
MWTINITIALISATION
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MWTCOEFFICIENTS$
GRAPHIQUE
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GRAPHPROPN$
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DBUSERMANAGER
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ffffff@
UUUUUU@
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rl&ChemTools
EINLEITUNG
Sie sind dabei, ChemTools 3.0 auf Ihrem Computer zu installieren.
Wollen Sie fortfahren ?
(C) 11/1998 Guillaume SABOURAUD
chemtools@chez.com
http://www.chez.com/chemtools
INTRODUCTION
Vous
tes sur le point d'installer ChemTools 3.0
sur votre machine. D
sirez-vous continuer ?
(C) 11/1998 Guillaume SABOURAUD
chemtools@chez.com
http://www.chez.com/chemtools INTRODUCTION
You are about to install ChemTools 3.0 on your machine
(.txt)