Explore the World of Software 2: Kids, Adults, Educational

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JEM LOGO VER 1.10 RELEASE # 2 (c)Copyrighted 1987 by James Moriartey 174 Garnet Crescent Wetaskiwin Alberta Canada T9A-2S6 Table Of Contents JEM LOGO Table of Contents (c)Copyright 1987 by James Moriartey Disclaimer.................................1 Shareware Concept..........................1 Permission to Copy.......................1,2 Information for Teachers...................2 What Need to get Started...................3 Minimum System Needed......................3 List of Files..............................3 JEM overview...............................4 Primary Word List......................5,6,7 Variables..................................8 Explain to Turtle..........................9 Run Mode..................................10 end Command...............................11 Explain Overview.......................12,13 Limitations...............................14 Order Form................................15 page 1 DISCLAIMER This software will perform as described when used properly. By using this software you acknowledge That this software may not suit your particular needs or be completly completely trouble free If this software does not perform as discribed, our liability to you is limited to replacing the software or refunding the purchase price if registered. In no event will James Moriartey be liable to you for any damages, including any lost profits, lost savings or other incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use this program , even if James Moriartey has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The Shareware Concept JEM is distributed as user supported software, and you may freely copy this program to use , you are in fact encouraged to make copies for your friends. As long as the program is not modified in any way and the copyright notice is not removed or tampered with. And that all the files including this manual is copied also and the manual is not modified or tampered with. BBS operators may ARC the files for transmission as long as all the files are sent in the library. No one can make charge for JEM , except authorized users groups, which may charge a cost based fee not to exceed $10.00. page 2 Teachers and other Educators Educators may make as many copies to use on site (in the same building) for no charge if the first copy is a registered copy. Any additional copies for use off site may be purchased at one half the current price for JEM. And the following lines are given to the user. This program is brought to you by James Moriartey 174 Garnet Crescent Wetaskiwn Alberta Canada T9A-2S6 and " Educators Name " If you have any questions or comments about JEM please write to the address above. Please address any comments or questions about JEM to the above address even if you do not wish to register as JEM owner. What you need to get going First make a copy of JEM-Logo to floppy disk. JEM will run under PC-DOS 3.1 and MS-DOS 3.0 it should run under DOS 2.2 but it has been tested in the 3.0 and higher DOS only. It will run on the IBM XT,AT and all true Compatible computers. JEM needs 256K of memory and a single 5 1/4 Floppy Drive. To use JEM on a Hard Drive create a directory (MD JEM) and copy the disk to that directory. If you have any problems look in your DOS manual. JEM-LOGO must have two files to run they are JEM.COM and JEM.DAT these files must be in the same Directory for JEM to work. JEM.COM is the main program JEM.DAT is a list of words that JEM uses JEM.DAT is a ASCII file it may or may not contain some data. LIST of Files You Should Have JEM.COM The Program JEM.DAT Data file used by JEM must be in the same Directory as JEM.COM JEM.DOC This Manual Read.me File list and How to Start JEM A OVER VIEW OF JEM LOGO Jem Logo was written to teach my children the basics of computer programing. I have never seen any version of LOGO nor do I care to see one. JEM is written in Turbo Pascal and the source code is not available JEM has three basic modes they are Help Mode , Explain Mode and Run mode the first mode you see is Run Mode when the Logo's are displayed and one line says " Type in help for Help" if you type in this word you will shown four pages of text these page give a brief description of the words in the help file. JEM is a interpreter and runs at quite slow speeds ,there are ways to make JEM run fast these commands will be explain later. JEM has two types of words they are Primary words and Secondary words. PRIMARY WORDS Primary words are the base of JEM all secondary words are created out of primary words.Primary words are the simplest commands used by JEM the most important words to the beginner are : help , end. The word help displays the help file the word end saves all the work done and exits JEM LOGO. Primary words can be entered in a short hand version the first three characters must be entered. (Note JEM runs faster if only the first three letters are used of the Primary Words only). SECONDARY WORDS Secondary words are the way you program the turtle to do higher functions they many be any combination of primary words and secondary words the more levels of secondary words the slower the response of the turtle all secondary words must be type in exactly as created. Also a secondary word that is called the same as primary word will be ignored and a secondary word with two meanings the first found will be used the second will found will be ignored. Care must be taken to ensure that two meanings do not share the same word as JEM does not check for double meanings for a word. Secondary words must be at least five characters or more long otherwise the interpreter will not find them. PRIMARY WORD LIST This list will explain each word in more detail and the syntax and give the short hand word also.All words must be typed in exactly in upper or lower case. WORD Short hand Explanation and Syntax upen upe Lifts Pen up Turtle does not draw a line or leave a mark if pen is up pen stays up dpen dpe Puts pen down begins to draw or leave a mark if pen is down pen stays down. hide hid Hide turtle from view turtle can still perform all functions the turtle itself is hidden. show sho Display turtle (default setting) cs cs Clear screen contains of screen are gone. Turtle is sent to center of screen. wrap wra Screen wrap is on turtle will wrap around the display (default setting) nwrp nwr Sreen wrap is off turtle will not wrap around display. med med Medium Resolution graphics mode preferred setting (default setting) Hi Hi High Resolution graphics mode not recommended. gh gh Turtle goes to the center of the screen no line is drawn. pse pse Pause and wait for any key to be pressed before doing next command. 1 1 Use colour Palette Number 1 2 2 Use colour Palette Number 2 Clr [x] Clr [x] Clr<space>[number] Set pen colour between 0 and 3 colour depends on Palette Number forw [x] for [x] forw<space>[distance] Turtle moves forward x spaces back [x] bac [x] back<space>[distance] Turtle moves back x spaces turn [x] tur [x] turn<space>[compass degree] Turtles turns to face degree on the compass example turn [90] turtle will turn to the 90 degrees of home position. ltrn [x] ltr [x] ltrn<space>[angle] Turtle turns at that angle from current position. example ltrn [90] will turn the turtle 90 degrees from current position rtrn [x] rtrn [x] rtrn<space>[angle] see ltrn turns to right again [x] aga [x] again<space>[number of times] Do following word x number of times example again [4] forw [1] would move the turtle ahead five spaces. again statement must precede the statement you wish to again. NESTED again statement are not allowed Turtle does check for nested again statements. help hel Display help file contains of screen are lost. B [x] B [x] Sets Background colour between 0-3 colour depends on Palette Number end end End JEM Logo save all secondary words in file "JEM.DAT" and exit JEM Logo if JEM.DAT is not found all secondary words are lost. Rept Rep Repeat following words until a "p" key is pressed and wait until a "s" key is pressed then stop if the "s" key is not pressed the continue the repeat until a "p" key is pressed. off off Turns command line off it is no longer displayed . Lineon Lin Turns command line on command line is displayed secondaryword Do secondary word see explain explain exp Enter explain to Turtle mode see explain mode and explain mode commands. Variables JEM Logo allows the use of two variables only they are "var1" and "var2" they are numeric values only the only operations allowed on them are addition and subtraction. The syntax for the variables is : s [var1=x] s<space>[var1=x] Sets the value of the var1 to x example s [var1=1] would set the value of var1 to 1. s [var1+x] s<space>[var1+x] Will add x to the value of var1 and set the value of var1 to var1+x. example current value of var1 is 2 so s [var1+1] would set the value of var1 to 3. x can be any number. s [var1-x] s<space>[var1-x] Will subtract x from the value of var1 and set the value of var1 to var1-x. example current value of var1 is 4 so s [var1-2] would set the value of var1 to 2. x can be any number The syntax for var2 is the same as it is for var1. Variables can not perform operations on each other. The commands listed above are the only commands that will be performed. Also each operation can be preformed in any word , the value of the variable is passed to the next word. See sample secondary words. Variables are used to create spirals and other shapes the uses of the variables are limited. EXPLAIN to Turtle Mode Explain turtle mode is the way you can add secondary words to the turtles vocabulary.The explain mode has three main commands they are show , forget and tell show show will have turtle display the show subfunctions they are find and all. find will ask for the word to find if the word exists it will be shown. all will display All the secondary words in the JEM.DAT file all the secondary words are in memory for faster execution. show all will display all secondary words show word will find and display a specific secondary word forget will have turtle forget the secondary word. If you do not use the end command to exit turtle the word will still be in the JEM.DAT file to make forget changes permanent use the end command to exit JEM and save all changes. tell tell turtle mode when you enter tell command turtle will let enter a secondary word example "wordd =forwd [10] rtrn [90];" all words must be 5 or more characters long RUN MODE This is the normal mode of the turtle when you are in run mode you will see the turtle in the center of the screen and the last line of the screen you will see a ? ! (Note command line is limited to 40 Chars input) That is the command line all commands are enter in the command line. Enter a cs command the turtle will clear the screen and home the turtle to the center of the screen. Enter a f [10] turtle will move forward 10 spaces and leave a line from the start position to the current position. Enter a r [90] the turtle will turn right 90 degrees. Enter a l [90] the turtle will turn left 90 degrees. If you enter a word the turtle does not know turtle will display at the top of screen "I do not know the word 'xxxxx'" if you see this line its means turtle did not find the word and can not do that word check to see if the word was misspelled or in fact does exists in the secondary word file. Repeat Command Using the R command the Repeat command will make turtle perform much faster. Repeat command will repeat all words after the R until a "p" key is struck if the "p" key is struck repeat will halt and wait until any other key is struck or the "s" key is struck if the "s" key is struck the repeat will stop and the turtle will return to run mode. The R command can be used in the run mode on any word or it can be part of a secondary word. Using the end command the end command exits JEM and saves all secondary words into the file named JEM.DAT if you exit JEM without using the end command any new secondary words are lost and are not saved to the JEM.DAT file. If you create new secondary words and you wish to save them use the end command. To create a new JEM.DAT file simplify use the DOS copy con command leave one blank line close the file with a F6. example copy con Jem.dat blank line ^z JEM can use only one data file at one time,the whole file is entered in memory the reasoning behind this is to increase JEM logo's speed of operation. Getting JEM to run faster to make JEM run at the fastest posible speed use three characters or less for the primary words secondary words can not be abbreviated nor can var1 or var2. An example of the speed increase is enter a explain command turtle will enter explain mode hit the enter key turtle will return to the run mode now enter exp turtle will enter explain mode much faster. The speed increase is because of the way the interpreter checks each word. When entering a secondary word using the shorthand word is best way to get JEM to run at top speed. Try each primary word to see what its function is and purpose is. When JEM enters run mode the turtle is set to pen down, wrap on ,lineon , med and gohome. EXPLAIN MODE Explain mode is the most powerful part of JEM explain lets the user create their only words or commands. In run mode the entry of a secondary word causes the turtle to perform the commands within the secondary word. A secondary word can be a number of primary words or number of secondary words or a combination of primary words and secondary words. They may be in any order the in the word itself but any secondary words must be previously defined in the word list. To enter a secondary word in run mode just type in the word and turtle will perform that definition as it would a primary word. Explain mode has three main subfunctions they are tell , show and forget. We will begin with the show command while in run mode enter the command exp or explain. Turtle will enter explain mode you will now see the line asking for one of the subfunctions. Type in show turtle will now ask for the secondary word to find or all. Enter the word all turtle will display all secondary words currently defined. To display a current defined secondary word type in the word exactly as it is (caps and lowercase) JEM will then display the word and it definition. The forget command is used to remove secondary words from the word list. In run mode enter exp or explain now in explain mode enter the forget command turtle will ask for a string enter in the word you wish turtle to forget. Turtle will now not remember that word to make the changes permanent while in run mode enter a end command. Turtle will rewrite the data file and the changes to the secondary word list will be saved. The tell command is used to define a secondary word all secondary words must be five characters or longer. In run mode enter a exp or explain command then enter tell command turtle will now enter a edit mode. Enter the name of the word you wish to used followed by a "=" then the definition. Example : <space>wordd=<space>definition<;> wordd= f [10] r [90] ; This word after it is entered will now be a word turtle 'knows' and can be used in the same way as you would use a primary word. Return to run mode and enter the word "wordd" turtle will now move forward ten spaces and turns 90 degrees to the right. Error Codes There is only one (1) error code it is "I do not known the word xx " . JEM will display this code if a word it can not find is encountered. Check to see if the word is misspelled or in fact does exist. Limitations of JEM-LOGO The two biggest limitations of JEM are the number of data files allowed currently one (1). And the size of the data file that is about 48 K. JEM-Logo was made for the ages of about 5 years to 10 years old it is not meant to be all things to all people. My daughter enjoys the program very much and my friends children also enjoy the program.If the program is teaching the idea of programming that is good. But its main purpose is to break down any apprehension of computers I think young or old alike will get some enjoyment of ordering the Turtle around the screen. Also the HiRes mode of the turtle does not create true geometric shapes. Try the word "shapes" it was created by my 6 year old. Order Form Please rush Me my Registered copy of JEM Last Name_______________________________ First Name______________________________ Mailing Address_________________________ City/State/Prov_________________________ Zip/PosalCode___________________________ Enclosed is the donation of Twenty dollars ($20.00) Mr. James Moriartey 174 Garnet Crescent Wetaskiwin Alberta Canada T9A-2S6