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INDENT.DOC
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1989-02-08
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INDENT
indent [input-file] [output-file] [options]
Indent is a C program formatter. It reformats the C program in the
input-file according to the switches. The switches which can be
specified are described below. They may appear before or after the
file names.
NOTE: If you only specify an input-file, the formatting is done
`in-place', that is, the formatted file is written back into input-file
and a backup copy of input-file is written in the current directory.
If input-file is named `\blah\blah\file', the backup file is named
file.bak.
If output-file is specified, indent checks to make sure it is different
from input-file.
OPTIONS
The options listed below control the formatting style imposed by
indent.
-bad, -nbad
If -bad is specified, a blank line is forced after every block of
declarations. Default: -nbad.
-bap, -nbap
If -bap is specified, a blank line is forced after every procedure
body. Default: -nbap.
-bbb, -nbbb
If -bbb is specified, a blank line is forced before every block
comment. Default: -nbbb.
-bc, -nbc
If -bc is specified, then a newline is forced after each comma in a
declaration. -nbc turns off this option. The default is -nbc.
-br, -bl
Specifying -bl lines up compound statements like this:
if (...)
{
code
}
Specifying -br (the default) makes them look like this:
if (...) {
code
}
-c n
The column in which comments on code start. The default is 33.
-cd n
The column in which comments on declarations start. The default is for
these comments to start in the same column as those on code.
-cdb, -ncdb
Enables (disables) the placement of comment delimiters on blank lines.
With this option enabled, comments look like this:
/*
* this is a comment
*/
Rather than like this:
/* this is a comment */
This only affects block comments, not comments to the right of code.
The default is -cdb.
-ce, -nce
Enables (disables) forcing `else's to cuddle up to the immediately
preceding `}'. The default is -ce.
-ci n
Sets the continuation indent to be n. Continuation lines will be
indented that far from the beginning of the first line of the
statement. Parenthesized expressions have extra indentation added to
indicate the nesting, unless -lp is in effect. -ci defaults to the same
value as -i.
-cli n
Causes case labels to be indented n tab stops to the right of the
containing switch statement. -cli0.5 causes case labels to be indented
half a tab stop. The default is -cli0. (This is the only option that
takes a fractional argument.)
-d n
Controls the placement of comments which are not to the right of code.
Specifying -d1 means that such comments are placed one indentation
level to the left of code. The default -d0 lines up these comments
with the code. See the section on comment indentation below.
-di n
Specifies the indentation, in character positions, from a declaration
keyword to the following identifier. The default is -di16.
-dj, -ndj
-dj left justifies declarations. -ndj indents declarations the same as
code. The default is -ndj.
-ei, -nei
Enables (disables) special else-if processing. If enabled, if "s"
following else "s" will have the same indentation as the preceding if
statement. The default is -ei.
-fc1, -nfc1
Enables (disables) the formatting of comments that start in column 1.
Often, comments whose leading `/' is in column 1 have been carefully
hand formatted by the programmer. In such cases, -nfc1 should be used.
The default is -fc1.
-i n
The number of spaces for one indentation level. The default is 8.
-ip, -nip
Enables (disables) the indentation of parameter declarations from the
left margin. The default is -ip.
-l n
Maximum length of an output line. The default is 78.
-lp, -nlp
Lines up code surrounded by parenthesis in continuation lines. If a
line has a left paren which is not closed on that line, then
continuation lines will be lined up to start at the character position
just after the left paren. For example, here is how a piece of
continued code looks with -nlp in effect:
p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2, p3),
third_procedure(p4, p5));
With -lp in effect (the default) the code looks somewhat clearer:
p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2, p3),
third_procedure(p4, p5));
Inserting two more newlines we get:
p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,
p3),
third_procedure(p4,
p5));
-npro
Causes the profile files, `indent.pro' and `\indent.pro', to be
ignored.
-pcs, -npcs
If true (-pcs) all procedure calls will have a space inserted between
the name and the `('. The default is -npcs.
-ps, -nps
If true (-ps) the pointer following operator `->' will be surrounded by
spaces on either side. The default is -nps.
-psl, -npsl
If true (-psl) the names of procedures being defined are placed in
column 1 - their types, if any, will be left on the previous lines.
The default is -psl.
-sc, -nsc
Enables (disables) the placement of asterisks (`*'s) at the left edge
of all comments. The default is -sc.
-sob, -nsob
If -sob is specified, indent will swallow optional blank lines. You
can use this to get rid of blank lines after declarations. Default:
-nsob.
-st
Causes indent to take its input from stdin, and put its output to
stdout.
-T typename
Adds typename to the list of type keywords. Names accumulate: -T can
be specified more than once. You need to specify all the typenames
that appear in your program that are defined by typedefs - nothing will
be harmed if you miss a few, but the program won't be formatted as
nicely as it should. This sounds like a painful thing to have to do,
but it's really a symptom of a problem in C: typedef causes a syntactic
change in the language and indent can't find all typedefs.
-troff
Causes indent to format the program for processing by troff. It will
produce a fancy listing in much the same spirit as vgrind. If the
output file is not specified, the default is standard output, rather
than formatting in place.
-v, -nv
-v turns on `verbose' mode; -nv turns it off. When in verbose mode,
indent reports when it splits one line of input into two or more lines
of output, and gives some size statistics at completion. The default is
-nv.
FURTHER DESCRIPTION
You may set up your own `profile' of defaults to indent by creating a
file called indent.pro in either the root directory and/or the current
directory and including whatever switches you like. Switches in
`indent.pro' in the current directory override those in your login
directory (with the exception of -T type definitions, which just
accumulate). If indent is run and a profile file exists, then it is
read to set up the program's defaults. The switches should be
separated by spaces, tabs or newlines. Switches on the command line,
however, override profile switches.
Comments
`Box' comments.
Indent assumes that any comment with a dash or star immediately after
the start of comment (that is, `/*-' or `/**') is a comment surrounded
by a box of stars. Each line of such a comment is left unchanged,
except that its indentation may be adjusted to account for the change
in indentation of the first line of the comment.
Straight text.
All other comments are treated as straight text. Indent fits as many
words (separated by blanks, tabs, or newlines) on a line as possible.
Blank lines break paragraphs.
Comment indentation
If a comment is on a line with code it is started in the `comment
column', which is set by the -c n command line parameter. Otherwise,
the comment is started at n indentation levels less than where code is
currently being placed, where n is specified by the -d n command line
parameter. If the code on a line extends past the comment column, the
comment starts further to the right, and the right margin may be
automatically extended in extreme cases.
Preprocessor lines
In general, indent leaves preprocessor lines alone. The only
reformatting that it will do is to straighten up trailing comments. It
leaves embedded comments alone. Conditional compilation
(#ifdef...#endif) is recognized and indent attempts to correctly
compensate for the syntactic peculiarities introduced.
C syntax
Indent understands a substantial amount about the syntax of C, but it
has a `forgiving' parser. It attempts to cope with the usual sorts of
incomplete and misformed syntax. In particular, the use of macros
like:
#define forever for(;;)
is handled properly.