Source Code 1992 March/Source_Code_CD-ROM_Walnut_Creek_March_1992.iso/usenet/altsrcs/3/3617

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Subject: zoo 2.1 source part 12/15
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From: [e-mail] (Rahul Dhesi)
Date: 10 Jul 91 11:20:09 GMT

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Archive-name: zoo210/part12

---- Cut Here and feed the following to sh ----
#!/bin/sh
# This is part 12 of zoo210
# ============= zoo.man ==============
if test -f 'zoo.man' -a X"$1" != X"-c"; then
    echo 'x - skipping zoo.man (File already exists)'
else
echo 'x - extracting zoo.man (Text)'
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > 'zoo.man' &&
X
ZOO(1)                  REFERENCE MANUAL                   ZOO(1)
X
NAME
X     zoo - manipulate archives of files in compressed form
X
SYNOPSIS
X     zoo {acfDeghHlLPTuUvVx}[aAcCdEfghImMnNoOpPqSu1:/.@n+-=]
X     archive [file] ...
X     zoo -command archive [file] ...
X     zoo h
X
DESCRIPTION
X     Zoo is used to create and maintain collections of files in
X     compressed form.  It uses a Lempel-Ziv compression algorithm
X     that gives space savings in the range of 20% to 80% depend-
X     ing on the type of file data.  Zoo can store and selectively
X     extract multiple generations of the same file.  Data can be
X     recovered from damaged archives by skipping the damaged por-
X     tion and locating undamaged data with the help of fiz(1).
X
X     This documentation is for version 2.1.  Changes from previ-
X     ous versions are described in the section labelled CHANGES.
X
X     The command zoo h gives a summary of commands.  Extended
X     multiscreen help can be obtained with zoo H.
X
X     Zoo will not add an archive to itself, nor add the archive's
X     backup (with .bak extension to the filename) to the archive.
X
X     Zoo has two types of commands:  Expert commands, which con-
X     sist of one command letter followed by zero or more modifier
X     characters, and Novice commands, which consist of a hyphen
X     (`-') followed by a command word that may be abbreviated.
X     Expert commands are case-sensitive but Novice commands are
X     not.
X
X     When zoo adds a file to an existing archive, the default
X     action is to maintain one generation of each file in an
X     archive and to mark any older generation as deleted.  A
X     limit on the number of generations to save can be specified
X     by the user for an entire archive, or for each file indivi-
X     dually, or both.  Zoo deletes a stored copy of an added file
X     if necessary to prevent the number of stored generations
X     from exceeding the user-specified limit.
X
X     Deleted files may be later undeleted.  Archives may be
X     packed to recover space occupied by deleted files.
X
X     All commands assume that the archive name ends with the
X     characters .zoo unless a different extension is supplied.
X
X     Novice commands
X
X     Novice commands may be abbreviated to a hyphen followed by
X     at least one command character.  Each Novice command works
X     in two stages. First, the command does its intended work.
X     Then, if the result was that one or more files were deleted
X     in the specified archive, the archive is packed.  If packing
X     occurs, the original unpacked archive is always left behind
X     with an extension of .bak.
X
X     No Novice command ever stores the directory prefix of a
X     file.
X
X     The Novice commands are as follows.
X
X     -add    Adds the specified files to the archive.
X
X     -freshen
X          Adds a specified file to the archive if and only if an
X          older file by the same name already exists in the
X          archive.
X
X     -delete
X          Deletes the specified files from the archive.
X
X     -update
X          Adds a specified file to the archive either:  if an
X          older file by the same name already exists in the
X          archive or:  if a file by the same name does not
X          already exist in the archive.
X
X     -extract
X          Extracts the specified files from the archive.  If no
X          file is specified all files are extracted.
X
X     -move
X          Equivalent to -add except that source files are deleted
X          after addition.
X
X     -print
X          Equivalent to -extract except that extracted data are
X          sent to standard output.
X
X     -list
X          Gives information about the specified archived files
X          including any attached comments.  If no files are
X          specified all files are listed.  Deleted files are not
X          listed.
X
X     -test
X          Equivalent to -extract except that the extracted data
X          are not saved but any errors encountered are reported.
X
X     -comment
X          Allows the user to add or update comments attached to
X          archived files.  When prompted, the user may:  type a
X          carriage return to skip the file, leaving any current
X          comment unchanged;  or type a (possibly null) comment
X          of up to 32,767 characters terminated by /end (case-
X          insensitive) on a separate line;  or type the end-of-
X          file character (normally control D) to skip all remain-
X          ing files.
X
X     -delete
X          Deletes the specified files.
X
X     The correspondence between Novice and Expert commands is as follows.
X
X     Novice                                        Equivalent
X     Command    Description                        Expert Command
X     ____________________________________________________________
X     -add       add files to archive               aP:
X     -extract   extract files from archive         x
X     -move      move files to archive              aMP:
X     -test      test archive integrity             xNd
X     -print     extract files to standard output   xp
X     -delete    delete files from archive          DP
X     -list      list archive contents              VC
X     -update    add new or newer files             aunP:
X     -freshen   by add newer files                 auP:
X     -comment   add comments to files              c
X
X     Expert commands
X
X     The general format of expert commands is:
X
X     zoo {acfDeghHlLPTuUvVx}[aAcCdEfghImMnNoOpPqSu1:/.@n+-=]
X     archive [file] ...
X
X     The characters enclosed within {} are commands.  Choose any
X     one of these.  The characters enclosed within [] just to the
X     right of the {} are modifiers and zero or more of these may
X     immediately follow the command character.  All combinations
X     of command and modifier characters may not be valid.
X
X     Files are added to an archive with the command:
X
X     zoo {au}[cfhIMnPqu:+-] archive [file] ...
X
X     Command characters are:
X
X     a    Add each specified file to archive.  Any already-
X          archived copy of the file is deleted if this is neces-
X          sary to avoid exceeding the user-specified limit on the
X          number of generations of the file to maintain in the
X          archive.
X
X     u    Do an update of the archive.  A specified file is added
X          to the archive only if a copy of it is already in the
X          archive and the copy being added is newer than the copy
X          already in the archive.
X
X     The following modifiers are specific to these commands.
X
X     M    Move files to archive.  This makes zoo delete (unlink)
X          the original files after they have been added to the
X          archive.  Files are deleted after addition of all files
X          to the archive is complete and after any requested
X          packing of the archive has been done, and only if zoo
X          detected no errors.
X
X     n    Add new files only.  A specified file is added only if
X          it isn't already in the archive.
X
X     h    Use the high performance compression algorithm. This
X          option may be used with either the add (a) or filter
X          (f) commands to gain extra compression at the expense
X          of using somewhat more processor time. Extracting files
X          compressed with the method is usually slightly faster
X          than those saved with the default method.
X
X     P    Pack archive after files have been added.
X
X     u    Applied to the a command, this modifier makes it behave
X          identically to the u command.
X
X          The combination of the n modifier with the u modifier
X          or u command causes addition of a file to the archive
X          either if the file is not already in the archive, or if
X          the file is already in the archive but the archived
X          copy is older than the copy being added.
X
X     :    Do not store directory names.  In the absence of this
X          modifier zoo stores the full pathname of each archived
X          file.
X
X     I    Read filenames to be archived from standard input. Zoo
X          will read its standard input and assume that each line
X          of text contains a filename.  Under AmigaDOS and the
X          **IX family, the entire line is used.  Under MS-DOS and
X          VAX/VMS, zoo assumes that the filename is terminated by
X          a blank, tab, or newline; thus it is permissible for
X          the line of text to contain more than one field
X          separated by white space, and only the first field will
X          be used.
X
X          Under the **IX family of operating systems, zoo can be
X          used as follows in a pipeline:
X
X               find . -print | zoo aI sources
X
X          If the I modifier is specified, no filenames may be
X          supplied on the command line itself.
X
X     +,-  These modifiers take effect only if the a command
X          results in the creation of a new archive.  + causes any
X          newly-created archive to have generations enabled.  -
X          is provided for symmetry and causes any newly-created
X          archive to have generations disabled;  this is also the
X          default if neither + nor - is specified.
X
X     Files are extracted from an archive with the command:
X
X     zoo {ex}[dNoOpqS./@] archive [file] ...
X
X     The e and x commands are synonymous.  If no file was speci-
X     fied, all files are extracted from the archive.
X
X     The following modifiers are specific to the e and x com-
X     mands:
X
X     N    Do not save extracted data but report any errors
X          encountered.
X
X     O    Overwrite files.  Normally, if a file being extracted
X          would overwrite an already-existing file of the same
X          name, zoo asks you if you really want to overwrite it.
X          You may answer the question with `y', which means yes,
X          overwrite; or `n', which means no, don't overwrite; or
X          `a', which means assume the answer is `y' for this and
X          all subsequent files.  The O modifier makes zoo assume
X          that files may always be overwritten.  Neither answer-
X          ing the question affirmatively nor using O alone will
X          cause read-only files to be overwritten.
X
X          On **IX systems, however, doubling this modifier as OO
X          will force zoo to unconditionally overwrite any read-
X          protected files with extracted files if it can do so.
X
X          The O, N, and p modifiers are mutually exclusive.
X
X     S    Supersede newer files on disk with older extracted
X          files.  Unless this modifier is used, zoo will not
X          overwrite a newer existing file with an older extracted
X          file.
X
X     o    This is equivalent to the O modifier if and only if it
X          is given at least twice.  It is otherwise ignored.
X
X     p    Pipe extracted data to standard output.  Error messages
X          are piped to standard output as well.  However, if a
X          bad CRC is detected, an error message is sent both to
X          standard error and to standard output.
X
X     /    Extract to original pathname.  Any needed directories
X          must already exist.  In the absence of this modifier
X          all files are extracted into the current directory.  If
X          this modifier is doubled as //, required directories
X          need not exist and are created if necessary.
X
X     The management of multiple generations of archived files is
X     done with the commands:
X
X     zoo gl[Aq]{+-=}number archive files ..
X     zoo gc[q]{+-=}number archive files ..
X     zoo gA[q]- archive
X     zoo gA[q]+ archive
X
X     The first form, gl, adjusts the generation limit of selected
X     files by the specified value.  If the form =n is used, where
X     n is a decimal number, this sets the generation limit to the
X     specified value.  If + or - are used in placed of = the
X     effect is to increment or decrement the generation limit by
X     the specified value.  For example, the command
X
X          zoo gl=5 xyz :
X
X
X     sets the generation limit of each file in the archive
X     xyz.zoo to a value of 5.  The command
X
X          zoo gl-3 xyz :
X
X
X     decrements the generation limit of each file in the archive
X     to 3 less than it currently is.
X
X     If the A modifier is used, the archive-wide generation limit
X     is adjusted instead.
X
X     The number of generations of a file maintained in an archive
X     is limited by the file generation limit, or the archive gen-
X     eration limit, whichever is lower.  As a special case, a
X     generation limit of 0 stands for no limit.  Thus the default
X     file generation limit of 0 and archive generation limit of 3
X     limits the number of generations of each file in a newly-
X     created archive to three.
X
X     The generation limit specified should be in the range 0
X     through 15;  any higher numbers are interpreted modulo 16.
X
X     The second form of the command, using gc, adjusts the gen-
X     eration count of selected files.  Each file has a generation
X     count of 1 when it is first added to an archive.  Each time
X     a file by the same name is added again to an archive, it
X     receives a generation count that is one higher than the
X     highest generation count of the archived copy of the file.
X     The permissible range of generation counts is 1 through
X     65535.  If repeated manipulations of an archive result in
X     files having very high generation counts, they may be set
X     back to lower numbers with the gc command.  The syntax of
X     the command is analogous to the syntax of the gl command,
X     except that the A modifier is not applicable to the gc com-
X     mand.
X
X     The third form, gA-, disables generations in an archive.
X     Generations are off when an archive is first created, but
X     may be enabled with the fourth form of the command, gA+.
X     When generations are disabled in an archive, zoo will not
X     display generation numbers in archive listings or maintain
X     multiple generations.  Generations can be re-enabled at any
X     time, though manipulation of an archive with repeated inter-
X     spersed gA- and gA+ commands may result in an archive whose
X     behavior is not easily understandable.
X
X     Archived files are listed with the command:
X
X     zoo {lLvV}[aAcCdfgmqvV@/1+-] archive[.zoo] [file] ...
X
X     l    Information presented includes the date and time of
X          each file, its original and current (compressed) sizes,
X          and the percentage size decrease due to compression
X          (labelled CF or compression factor).  If a file was
X          added to the archive in a different timezone, the
X          difference between timezones is shown in hours as a
X          signed number.  As an example, if the difference is
X          listed as +3, this means that the file was added to the
X          archive in a timezone that is 3 hours west of the
X          current timezone.  The file time listed is, however,
X          always the original timestamp of the archived file, as
X          observed by the user who archived the file, expressed
X          as that user's local time.  (Timezone information is
X          stored and displayed only if the underlying operating
X          system knows about timezones.)
X
X          If no filename is supplied all files are listed except
X          deleted files.
X
X          Zoo selects which generation(s) of a file to list
X          according to the following algorithm.
X
X          If no filename is supplied, only the latest generation
X          of each file is listed.  If any filenames are
X          specified, and a generation is specified for an argu-
X          ment, only the requested generation is listed.  If a
X          filename is specified ending with the generation char-
X          acter (`:' or `;'), all generations of that file are
X          listed.  Thus a filename argument of the form zoo.c
X          will cause only the latest generation of zoo.c to be
X          listed;  an argument of the form zoo.c:4 will cause
X          generation 4 of zoo.c to be listed;  and an argument of
X          the form zoo.c: or zoo.c:* will cause all generations
X          of zoo.c to be listed.
X
X     L    This is similar to the l command except that all sup-
X          plied arguments must be archives and all non-deleted
X          generations of all files in each archive appear in the
X          listing.
X
X          On **IX systems, on which the shell expands arguments,
X          if multiple archives are to be listed, the L command
X          must be used.  On other systems (VAX/VMS, AmigaDOS,
X          MSDOS) on which wildcard expansion is done internally
X          by zoo, wildcards may be used in the archive name, and
X          a multiple archive listing obtained, using the l com-
X          mand.
X
X     v    This causes any comment attached to the archive to be
X          listed in addition to the other information.
X
X     V    This causes any comment attached to the archive and
X          also any comment attached to each file to be listed.
X
X          Both the V and v command characters can also be used as
X          modifiers to the l and L commands.
X
X     In addition to the general modifiers described later, the
X     following modifiers can be applied to the archive list com-
X     mands.
X
X     a    This gives a single-line format containing both each
X          filename and the name of the archive, sorted by archive
X          name.  It is especially useful with the L command,
X          since the result can be further sorted on any field to
X          give a master listing of the entire contents of a set
X          of archives.
X
X     A    This causes any comment attached to the archive to be
X          listed.
X
X     g    This modifier causes file generation information to be
X          listed about the archive.  For each file listed, the
X          user-specified generation limit, if any, is listed.
X          For example, `3g' for a file means that the user wants
X          no more than three generations of the file to be kept.
X          In archives created by older versions of zoo, the list-
X          ing will show `-g', meaning that no generation informa-
X          tion is kept and multiple generations of the file are
X          not being maintained.
X
X          In addition to the generation information for each
X          file, the archive-wide generation limit, if any, is
X          shown at the end of the listing.  If generations have
X          been disabled by the user, this is so indicated, for
X          example:
X
X               Archive generation limit is 3 (generations off).
X
X          For more information about generations see the descrip-
X          tion of the g command.
X
X     m    This modifier is currently applicable to **IX systems
X          only.  It causes the mode bits (file protection code)
X          of each file to be listed as a three-digit octal
X          number.  Currently zoo preserves only the lowest nine
X          mode bits.  Their meanings are as described in the **IX
X          documentation for the chmod(1) command.
X
X     C    This modifier causes the stored cyclic redundancy code
X          (CRC) for each archived file to be shown as a four-
X          digit hexadecimal number.
X
X     1    This forces one filename to be listed per line.  It is
X          most useful in combination with the f modifier.
X
X     /    This forces any directory name to be always listed,
X          even in fast columnized listings that do not normally
X          include any directory names.
X
X     +,-  The - modifier causes trailing generation numbers to be
X          omitted from filenames.  The + modifier causes the
X          trailing generation numbers to be shown, which is also
X          the default if neither - nor + is specified.
X
X     Files may be deleted and undeleted from an archive with the
X     following commands:
X
X     zoo {DU}[Pq1] archive file ...
X
X     The D command deletes the specified files and the U command
X     undeletes the specified files.  The 1 modifier (the digit
X     one, not the letter ell) forces deletion or undeletion of at
X     most one file.  If multiple instances of the same file exist
X     in an archive, use of the 1 modifier may allow selective
X     extraction of one of these.
X
X     Comments may be added to an archive with the command:
X
X     zoo c[A] archive
X
X     Without the modifier A, this behaves identically to the
X     -comment command.  With the modifier A, the command serves
X     to add or update the comment attached to the archive as a
X     whole.  This comment may be listed with the lA, LA, v, and V
X     commands.  Applying the cA command to an archive that was
X     created with an older version of zoo will result in an error
X     message requesting that the user first pack the archive with
X     the P command.  This reorganizes the archive and creates
X     space for the archive comment.
X
X     The timestamp of an archive may be adjusted with the com-
X     mand:
X
X     zoo T[q] archive
X
X     Zoo normally attempts to maintain the timestamp of an
X     archive to reflect the age of the newest file stored in it.
X     Should the timestamp ever be incorrect it can be fixed with
X     the T command.
X
X     An archive may be packed with the command:
X
X     zoo P[EPq] archive
X
X     If the backup copy of the archive already exists, zoo will
X     refuse to pack the archive unless the P modifier is also
X     given.  The E modifier causes zoo not to save a backup copy
X     of the original archive after packing.  A unique temporary
X     file in the current directory is used to initially hold the
X     packed archive.  This file will be left behind if packing is
X     interrupted or if for some reason this file cannot be
X     renamed to the name of the original archive when packing is
X     complete.
X
X     Packing removes any garbage data appended to an archive
X     because of Xmodem file transfer and also recovers any wasted
X     space remaining in an archive that has been frequently
X     updated or in which comments were replaced.  Packing also
X     updates the format of any archive that was created by an
X     older version of zoo so that newer features (e.g. archive-
X     wide generation limit, archive comment) become fully avail-
X     able.
X
X     Zoo can act as a pure compression or uncompression filter,
X     reading from standard input and writing to standard output.
X     This is achieved with the command:
X
X     zoo f{cu}[h
X
X     where c specifies compression, u specifies uncompression,
X     and h used in addition requests the high-performance
X     compression be used.  A CRC value is used to check the
X     integrity of the data.  The compressed data stream has no
X     internal archive structure and contains multiple files only
X     if the input data stream was already structured, as might be
X     obtained, for example, from tar or cpio.
X
X      Modem transfers can be speeded up with these commands:
X
X               zoo fc < file | sz ... rz | zoo fu > file
X
X
X     General modifiers
X
X     The following modifiers are applicable to several commands:
X
X     c    Applied to the a and u commands, this causes the user
X          to be prompted for a comment for each file added to the
X          archive.  If the file being added has replaced, or is a
X          newer generation of, a file already in the archive, any
X          comment attached to that file is shown to the user and
X          becomes attached to the newly-added file unless the
X          user changes it.  Possible user responses are as
X          described for the -comment command.  Applied to the
X          archive list command l, the c modifier causes the list-
X          ing of any comments attached to archived files.
X
X      .   In conjunction with / or // this modifier causes any
X          extracted pathname beginning with `/' to be interpreted
X          relative to the current directory, resulting in the
X          possible creation of a subtree rooted at the current
X          directory.  In conjunction with the command P the .
X          modifier causes the packed archive to be created in the
X          current directory.  This is intended to allow users
X          with limited disk space but multiple disk drives to
X          pack large archives.
X
X     d    Most commands that act on an archive act only on files
X          that are not deleted.  The d modifier makes commands
X          act on both normal and deleted files.  If doubled as
X          dd, this modifier forces selection only of deleted
X          files.
X
X     f    Applied to the a and u commands, the f modifier causes
X          fast archiving by adding files without compression.
X          Applied to l it causes a fast listing of files in a
X          multicolumn format.
X
X     q    Be quiet.  Normally zoo lists the name of each file and
X          what action it is performing.  The q modifier
X          suppresses this.  When files are being extracted to
X          standard output, the q modifier suppresses the header
X          preceding each file.  When archive contents are being
X          listed, this modifier suppresses any header and
X          trailer.  When a fast columnized listing is being
X          obtained, this modifier causes all output to be com-
X          bined into a single set of filenames for all archives
X          being listed.
X
X          When doubled as qq, this modifier suppresses WARNING
X          messages, and when tripled as qqq, ERROR messages are
X          suppressed too.  FATAL error messages are never
X          suppressed.
X
X     Recovering data from damaged archives
X
X     The @ modifier allows the user to specify the exact position
X     in an archive where zoo should extract a file from, allowing
X     damaged portions of an archive to be skipped.  This modifier
X     must be immediately followed by a decimal integer without
X     intervening spaces, and possibly by a comma and another
X     decimal integer, giving a command of the form l@m or l@m,n
X     (to list archive contents) or x@m or x@m,n (to extract files
X     from an archive).  Listing or extraction begin at position m
X     in the archive.  The value of m must be the position within
X     the archive of an undamaged directory entry.  This position
X     is usually obtained from fiz(1) version 2.0 or later.
X
X     If damage to the archive has shortened or lengthened it, all
X     positions within the archive may be changed by some constant
X     amount.  To compensate for this, the value of n may be
X     specified.  This value is also usually obtained from fiz(1).
X     It should be the position in the archive of the file data
X     corresponding to the directory entry that has been specified
X     with m.  Thus if the command x@456,575 is given, it will
X     cause the first 456 bytes of the archive to be skipped and
X     extraction to begin at offset 456;  in addition, zoo will
X     attempt to extract the file data from position 575 in the
X     archive instead of the value that is found in the directory
X     entry read from the archive.  For example, here is some of
X     the output of fiz when it acts on a damaged zoo archive:
X
X     ****************
X         2526: DIR  [changes] ==>   95
X         2587: DATA
X     ****************
X         3909: DIR  [copyrite] ==> 1478
X         3970: DATA
X         4769: DATA
X     ****************
X
X     In such output, DIR indicates where fiz found a directory
X     entry in the archive, and DATA indicates where fiz found
X     file data in the archive.  Filenames located by fiz are
X     enclosed in square brackets, and the notation "==>   95"
X     indicates that the directory entry found by fiz at position
X     2526 has a file data pointer to position 95.  (This is
X     clearly wrong, since file data always occur in an archive
X     after their directory entry.)  In actuality, fiz found file
X     data at positions 2587, 3970, and 4769.  Since fiz found
X     only two directory entries, and each directory entry
X     corresponds to one file, one of the file data positions is
X     an artifact.
X
X     In this case, commands to try giving to zoo might be
X     x@2526,2587 (extract beginning at position 2526, and get
X     file data from position 2587), x@3090,3970 (extract at 3090,
X     get data from 3970) and x@3909,4769 (extract at 3909, get
X     data from 4769).  Once a correctly-matched directory
X     entry/file data pair is found, zoo will in most cases syn-
X     chronize with and correctly extract all files subsequently
X     found in the archive.  Trial and error should allow all
X     undamaged files to be extracted.  Also note that self-
X     extracting archives created using sez (the Self-Extracting
X     Zoo utility for MS-DOS), which are normally executed on an
X     MS-DOS system for extraction, can be extracted on non-MSDOS
X     systems using zoo's damaged-archive recovery method using
X     the @ modifier.
X
X     Wildcard handling
X
X     Under the **IX family of operating systems, the shell nor-
X     mally expands wildcards to a list of matching files.  Wild-
X     cards that are meant to match files within an archive must
X     therefore be escaped or quoted.  When selecting files to be
X     added to an archive, wildcard conventions are as defined for
X     the shell.  When selecting files from within an archive,
X     wildcard handling is done by zoo as described below.
X
X     Under MS-DOS and AmigaDOS, quoting of wildcards is not
X     needed.  All wildcard expansion of filenames is done by zoo,
X     and wildcards inside directory names are expanded only when
X     listing or extracting files but not when adding them.
X
X     The wildcard syntax interpreted by zoo is limited to the
X     following characters.
X
X     *    Matches any sequence of zero or more characters.
X
X     ?    Matches any single character.
X
X          Arbitrary combinations of * and ? are allowed.
X
X     /    If a supplied pattern contains a slash anywhere in it,
X          then the slash separating any directory prefix from the
X          filename must be matched explicitly.  If a supplied
X          pattern contains no slashes, the match is selective
X          only on the filename.
X
X     c-c  Two characters separated by a hyphen specify a charac-
X          ter range.  All filenames beginning with those charac-
X          ters will match.  The character range is meaningful
X          only by itself or preceded by a directory name.  It is
X          not specially interpreted if it is part of a filename.
X
X     : and ;
X          These characters are used to separate a filename from a
X          generation number and are used when selecting specific
X          generations of archived files.  If no generation char-
X          acter is used, the filename specified matches only the
X          latest generation of the file.  If the generation char-
X          acter is specified, the filename and the generation are
X          matched independently by zoo's wildcard mechanism.  If
X          no generation is specified following the : or ; charac-
X          ter, all generations of that file will match.  As a
X          special case, a generation number of 0 matches only the
X          latest generation of a file, while ^0 matches all gen-
X          erations of a file except the latest one.  If no
X          filename is specified preceding the generation charac-
X          ter, all filenames will match.  As a corollary, the
X          generation character by itself matches all generations
X          of all files.
X
X     MS-DOS users should note that zoo does not treat the dot as
X     a special character, and it does not ignore characters fol-
X     lowing an asterisk.  Thus * matches all filenames; *.*
X     matches filenames containing a dot; *_* matches filenames
X     containing an underscore;  and *z matches all filenames that
X     end with the character z, whether or not they contain a dot.
X
X     Usage hints
X
X     The Novice command set in zoo is meant to provide an inter-
X     face with functionality and format that will be familiar to
X     users of other similar archive utilities.  In keeping with
X     this objective, the Novice commands do not maintain or use
X     any subdirectory information or allow the use of zoo's abil-
X     ity to maintain multiple generations of files.  For this
X     reason, users should switch to exclusively using the Expert
X     commands as soon as possible.
X
X     Although the Expert command set is quite large, it should be
X     noted that in almost every case, all legal modifiers for a
X     command are fully orthogonal.  This means that the user can
X     select any combination of modifiers, and when they act
X     together, they will have the intuitively obvious effect.
X     Thus the user need only memorize what each modifier does,
X     and then can combine them as needed without much further
X     thought.
X
X     For example, consider the a command which is used to add
X     files to an archive.  By itself, it simply adds the speci-
X     fied files.  To cause only already-archived files to be
X     updated if their disk copies have been modified, it is only
X     necessary to add the u modifier, making the command au.  To
X     cause only new files (i.e., files not already in the
X     archive) to be added, the n modifier is used to create the
X     command an.  To cause both already-archived files to be
X     updated and new files to be added, the u and n modifiers can
X     be used together, giving the command aun.  Since the order
X     of modifiers is not significant, the command could also be
X     anu.
X
X     Further, the c modifier can be used to cause zoo to prompt
X     the user for a comment to attach to each file added.  And
X     the f modifier can cause fast addition (addition without
X     compression).  It should be obvious then that the command
X     auncf will cause zoo to update already-archived files, add
X     new files, prompt the user for comments, and do the addition
X     of files without any compression.  Furthermore, if the user
X     wishes to move files to the archive, i.e., delete the disk
X     copy of each file after it is added to the archive, it is
X     only necessary to add the M modifier to the command, so it
X     becomes auncfM.  And if the user also wishes to cause the
X     archive to be packed as part of the command, thus recovering
X     space from any files that are replaced, the command can be
X     modified to auncfMP by adding the P modifier that causes
X     packing.
X
X     Similarly, the archive listing commands can be built up by
X     combining modifiers.  The basic command to list the contents
X     of an archive is l.  If the user wants a fast columnized
X     listing, the f modifier can be added to give the lf command.
X     Since this listing will have a header giving the archive
X     name and a trailer summarizing interesting information about
X     the archive, such as the number of deleted files, the user
X     may wish to "quieten" the listing by suppressing these;  the
X     relevant modifier is q, which when added to the command
X     gives lfq.  If the user wishes to see the **IX mode (file
X     protection) bits, and also information about multiple gen-
X     erations, the modifiers m (show mode bits) and g (show gen-
X     eration information) can be added, giving the command lfqmg.
X     If the user also wishes to see an attached archive comment,
X     the modifier A (for archive) will serve.  Thus the command
X     lfqmgA will give a fast columnized listing of the archive,
X     suppressing any header and trailer, showing mode bits and
X     generation information, and showing any comment attached to
X     the archive as a whole.  If in addition individual comments
X     attached to files are also needed, simply append the c
X     modifier to the command, making it lfqmgAc.  The above com-
X     mand will not show any deleted files, however;  to see them,
X     use the d modifier, making the command lfqmgAcd (or double
X     it as in lfqmgAcdd if only the deleted files are to be
X     listed).  And if the user also wishes to see the CRC value
X     for each file being listed, the modifier C will do this, as
X     in the command lfqmgAcdC, which gives a fast columnized
X     listing of all files, including deleted files, showing any
X     archive comment and file comments, and file protection codes
X     and generation information, as well as the CRC value of each
X     file.
X
X     Note that the above command lfqmgAcdC could also be abbrevi-
X     ated to VfqmgdC because the command V is shorthand for lcA
X     (archive listing with all comments shown).  Similarly the
X     command v is shorthand for lA (archive listing with archive
X     comment shown).  Both V and v can be used as modifiers to
X     any of the other archive listing commands.
X
X     Generations
X
X     By default, zoo assumes that only the latest generation of a
X     specified file is needed.  If generations other than the
X     latest one need to be selected, this may be done by specify-
X     ing them in the filename.  For example, the name stdio.h
X     would normally refer to the latest generation of the file
X     stdio.h stored in a zoo archive.  To get an archive listing
X     showing all generations of stdio.h in the archive, the
X     specification stdio.h:* could be used (enclosed in single
X     quotes if necessary to protect the wildcard character * from
X     the shell).  Also, stdio.h:0 selects only the latest genera-
X     tion of stdio.h, while stdio.h:^0 selects all generations
X     except the latest one.  The : character here separates the
X     filename from the generation number, and the character * is
X     a wildcard that matches all possible generations.  For con-
X     venience, the generation itself may be left out, so that the
X     name stdio.h: (with the : but without a generation number or
X     a wildcard) matches all generations exactly as stdio.h:*
X     does.
X
X     If a generation is specified but no filename is present, as
X     in :5, :*, or just :, all filenames of the specified genera-
X     tion will be selected.  Thus :5 selects generation 5 of each
X     file, and :* and : select all generations of all files.
X
X     It is important to note that zoo's idea of the latest gen-
X     eration of a file is not based upon searching the entire
X     archive.  Instead, whenever zoo adds a file to an archive,
X     it is marked as being the latest generation.  Thus, if the
X     latest generation of a file is deleted, then no generation
X     of that file is considered the latest any more.  This can be
X     surprising to the user.  For example, if an archive already
X     contains the file stdio.h:5 and a new copy is added, appear-
X     ing in the archive listing as stdio.h:6, and then stdio.h:6
X     is deleted, the remaining copy stdio.h:5 will no longer be
X     considered to be the latest generation, and the file
X     stdio.h:5, even if undeleted, will no longer appear in an
X     archive listing unless generation 5 (or every generation) is
X     specifically requested.  This behavior will likely be
X     improved in future releases of zoo.
X
FILES
X     xXXXXXX - temporary file used during packing
X     archive_name.bak - backup of archive
X
SEE ALSO
X     compress(1), fiz(1)
X
BUGS
X     When files are being added to an archive on a non-MS-DOS
X     system, it is possible for zoo to fail to detect a full disk
X     and hence create an invalid archive.  This bug will be fixed
X     in a future release.
X
X     Files with generation counts that wrap around from 65535 to
X     1 are not currently handled correctly.  If a file's genera-
X     tion count reaches a value close to 65535, it should be
X     manually set back down to a low number.  This may be easily
X     done with a command such as gc-65000, which subtracts 65000
X     from the generation count of each specified file.  This
X     problem will be fixed in a future release.
X
X     Although zoo on **IX systems preserves the lowest nine mode
X     bits of regular files, it does not currently do the same for
X     directories.
X
X     Currently zoo's handling of the characters : and ; in
X     filenames is not robust, because it interprets these to
X     separate a filename from a generation number.  A quoting
X     mechanism will eventually be implemented.
X
X     Standard input cannot be archived nor can a created archive
X     be sent to standard output.  Spurious error messages may
X     appear if the filename of an archive is too long.
X
X     Since zoo never archives any file with the same name as the
X     archive or its backup (regardless of any path prefixes),
X     care should be taken to make sure that a file to be archived
X     does not coincidentally have the same name as the archive it
X     is being added to.  It usually suffices to make sure that no
X     file being archived is itself a zoo archive.  (Previous ver-
X     sions of zoo sometimes tried to add an archive to itself.
X     This bug now seems to be fixed.)
X
X     Only regular files are archived; devices and empty direc-
X     tories are not.  Support for archiving empty directories and
X     for preserving directory attributes is planned for the near
X     future.
X
X     Early versions of MS-DOS have a bug that prevents "." from
X     referring to the root directory;  this leads to anomalous
X     results if the extraction of paths beginning with a dot is
X     attempted.
X
X     VAX/VMS destroys case information unless arguments are
X     enclosed in double quotes.  For this reason if a command
X     given to zoo on a VAX/VMS system includes any uppercase
X     characters, it must be enclosed in double quotes.  Under
X     VAX/VMS, zoo does not currently restore file timestamps;
X     this will be fixed as soon as I figure out RMS extended
X     attribute blocks, or DEC supplies a utime() function, which-
X     ever occurs first.  Other VMS bugs, related to file struc-
X     tures, can often be overcome by using the program bilf.c
X     that is supplied with zoo.
X
X     It is not currently possible to create a zoo archive con-
X     taining all zoo archives that do not contain themselves.
X
DIAGNOSTICS
X     Error messages are intended to be self-explanatory and are
X     divided into three categories.  WARNINGS are intended to
X     inform the user of an unusual situation, such as a CRC error
X     during extraction, or -freshening of an archive containing a
X     file newer than one specified on the command line.  ERRORS
X     are fatal to one file, but execution continues with the next
X     file if any.  FATAL errors cause execution to be aborted.
X     The occurrence of any of these causes an exit status of 1.
X     Normal termination without any errors gives an exit status
X     of 0.  (Under VAX/VMS, however, to avoid an annoying mes-
X     sage, zoo always exits with an error code of 1.)
X
COMPATIBILITY
X     All versions of zoo on all systems are required to create
X     archives that can be extracted and listed with all versions
X     of zoo on all systems, regardless of filename and directory
X     syntax or archive structure;  furthermore, any version of
X     zoo must be able to fully manipulate all archives created by
X     all lower-numbered versions of zoo on all systems.  So far
X     as I can tell, this upward compatibility (all manipulations)
X     and downward compatiblity (ability to extract and list) is
X     maintained by zoo versions up to 2.01.  Version 2.1 adds the
X     incompatibility that if high-performance compression is
X     used, earlier versions cannot extract files compressed with
X     version 2.1.  This is the only incompatibility that is
X     permissible.  You are forbidden, with the force of copyright
X     law, to create from the zoo source code any derivative work
X     that violates this compatibility goal, whether knowingly or
X     through negligence.  If any violation of this compatibility
X     goal is observed, this should be considered a serious prob-
X     lem and reported to me.
X
CHANGES
X     Here is a list of changes occurring from version 1.50 to
X     version 2.01.  In parentheses is given the version in which
X     each change occurred.
X
X     -    (1.71) New modifiers to the list commands permit
X          optional suppression of header and trailer information,
X          inclusion of directory names in columnized listings,
X          and fast one-column listings.
X
X     -    (1.71) Timezones are handled.
X
X     -    (1.71) A bug was fixed that had made it impossible to
X          individually update comments for a file whose name did
X          not correspond to MS-DOS format.
X
X     -    (1.71) A change was made that now permits use of the
X          shared library on the **IX PC.
X
X     -    (1.71) VAX/VMS is now supported reasonably well.
X
X     -    (2.00) A comment may now be attached to the archive
X          itself.
X
X     -    (2.00) The OO option allows forced overwriting of
X          read-only files.
X
X     -    (2.00) Zoo will no longer extract a file if a newer
X          copy already exists on disk;  the S option will over-
X          ride this.
X
X     -    (2.00) File attributes are preserved for **IX systems.
X
X     -    (2.00) Multiple generations of the same file are sup-
X          ported.
X
X     -    (2.00) Zoo will now act as a compression or decompres-
X          sion filter on a stream of data and will use a CRC
X          value to check the integrity of a data stream that is
X          uncompressed.
X
X     -    (2.00) A bug was fixed that caused removal of a direc-
X          tory link if files were moved to an archive by the
X          superuser on a **IX system.
X
X     -    (2.00) The data recovery modifier @ was greatly
X          enhanced.  Self-extracting archives created for MS-DOS
X          systems can now be extracted by zoo on any system with
X          help from fiz(1).
X
X     -    (2.01) A bug was fixed that had caused the first gen-
X          eration of a file to sometimes unexpectedly show up in
X          archive listings.
X
X     -    (2.01) A bug was fixed that had caused the MS-DOS ver-
X          sion to silently skip files that could not be extracted
X          because of insufficient disk space.
X
X     -    (2.01) A bug was fixed that had sometimes made it
X          impossible to selectively extract a file by specifying
X          its name, even though all files could be extracted from
X          the archive by not specifying any filenames.  This
X          occurred when a file had been archived on a longer-
X          filename system (e.g. AmigaDOS) and extraction was
X          attempted on a shorter-filename system (e.g. MS-DOS).
X
X     -    (2.01) A change was made that will make zoo preserve
X          the mode (file protection) of a zoo archive when it is
X          packed.  This is effective only if zoo is compiled to
X          preserve and restore file attributes.  Currently this
X          is so only for **IX systems.
X
X     -    (2.01) A bug was fixed that had caused an update of an
X          archive to not always add all newer files.
X
X     -    (2.01) Blanks around equal signs in commands given to
X          "make" were removed from the mk* scripts for better
X          compatiblity with more **IX implementations including
X          Sun's.
X
X     -    (2.1) Compression is now greatly improved if the "h"
X          option is used.
X
X     -    (2.1) The default behavior is to preserve full path-
X          names during extraction.
X
X     -    (2.1) On some systems, extraction of files using the
X          older (default) compression method is greatly speeded
X          up.
X
X     -    (2.1) Extended multiscreen help is available.
X
X     -    (2.1) Memory allocation is improved, so that the MS-DOS
X          version will not prematurely abort when updating a
X          large archive.
X
X     -    (2.1) The VAX/VMS version preserves file timestamps
X          during extraction.
X
X     -    (2.1) The default archive-wide generation limit, when
X          generations are enabled, is 3.
X
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
X     A revised version of zoo is in the works that will be able
X     to write newly-created archives to standard output and will
X     support multivolume archives.  It will be upward and down-
X     ward compatible with this version of zoo.
X
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
X     The zoo archiver was initially developed using Microsoft C
X     3.0 on a PC clone manufactured by Toshiba of Japan and
X     almost sold by Xerox.  Availability of the following systems
X     was helpful in achieving portability: Paul Homchick's Compaq
X     running Microport System V/AT;  The Eskimo BBS somewhere in
X     Oregon running Xenix/68000; Greg Laskin's system 'gryphon'
X     which is an Intel 310 running Xenix/286;  Ball State
X     University's AT&T 3B2/300, UNIX PC, and VAX-11/785 (4.3BSD
X     and VAX/VMS) systems.  In addition J. Brian Waters provided
X     feedback to help me make the code compilable on his Amiga
X     using Manx/Aztec C.  The executable version 2.0 for MS-DOS
X     is currently compiled with Borland's Turbo C++ 1.0.
X
X     Thanks are due to the following people and many others too
X     numerous to mention.
X
X     J. Brian Waters <[e-mail]>, who has worked
X     diligently to port zoo to AmigaDOS, created Amiga-specific
X     code, and continues keeping it updated.
X
X     Paul Homchick <rutgers!cgh!paul>, who provided numerous
X     detailed reports about some nasty bugs.
X
X     Bill Davidsen <[e-mail]>, who provided
X     numerous improvements to this manual, contributed mul-
X     tiscreen help, and provided many useful bug reports, bug
X     fixes, code improvements, and suggestions.
X
X     Mark Alexander <amdahl!drivax!alexande>, who provided me
X     with some bug fixes.
X
X     Haruhiko Okumura, who wrote the ar archiver and some excel-
X     lent compression code, which I adapted for use in zoo.
X
X     Randal L. Barnes <[e-mail]>, who (with
X     Randy Magnuson) wrote the code to support the preservation
X     of file timestamps under VAX/VMS.
X
X     Raymond D. Gardner, who contributed replacement uncompres-
X     sion code that on some systems is twice as fast as the
X     original.
X
X     Greg Yachuk and Andre Van Dalen, who independently modified
X     MS-DOS zoo to support multivolume archives.  (This support
X     is not yet in this official release.)
X
AUTHOR
X     Rahul Dhesi
SHAR_EOF
chmod 0644 zoo.man ||
echo 'restore of zoo.man failed'
Wc_c="`wc -c < 'zoo.man'`"
test 50054 -eq "$Wc_c" ||
    echo 'zoo.man: original size 50054, current size' "$Wc_c"
fi
true || echo 'restore of zooadd.c failed'
echo End of part 12, continue with part 13
exit 0