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1992-07-12
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SKY Planetarium for DOS V2.2
(C) COPYRIGHT 1989-1992, Howard J. Dutton 3rd
ABOUT THE PROGRAM Page 1
This is SKY Planetarium for DOS, a planetarium simulator written
in Turbo Pascal. To run SKY you'll need 512k memory and CGA, EGA,
or VGA graphics. Not needed, but supported are: mice, 8087s (with
registration), and various printers.
"Sky" allows you to view a map of the sky as seen from any place
on Earth. You have the option of adding constellation lines,
telescopic objects, coordinate grid work, object names, etc. to the
map (which always includes the sun, moon, and planets). After a map
is plotted to the screen, you may use your mouse (if you have one) to
set the map center, or get an object description. The right button
sets the center of the map and the left button gives you a description
of what lies under the pointer. A more detailed description of how
to use SKY starts on page 3.
SETTING IT UP Page 2
RUN the install program: SKYINST
1. Set up the display-
Your display adapter is auto-detected but for added versatility:
<L>OW for VGA 640X350 / EGA 640X200 / MCGA 640X200 / CGA 640X200
<H>IGH for VGA 640X480 / EGA 640X350 / MCGA 640X480 / CGA 640X200
<M>onochrome for B/W monitors
<C>olor for Color monitors
NOTE: If you have an EGA card with a CGA monitor (low res.
color: like my system) set this to <L>OW!
2. Select a printer type compatible with your printer-
EPSON (or IBM Graphic) PANASONIC (KXP1124)
CITIZEN (MSP10/15/20/25) HPTHINK (HP Think Jet)
For better quality print-outs use the High/Low res. printer
toggle (the <R> key)
1. Set the start time-
This is the time that SKY starts with. It's in 24 hour format and
may be over 24 (ex. a time after midnight: 25.5 means 1:30am )
2. Change the <O>bserver locations to where you are. Latitude is
in degrees +90(north) to -90(south), Longitude is also measured in
degrees but ranges from +180(west) to -180(east). You don't really
need to be pin-point accurate with your location, getting it from
an atlas or globe is fine. The time zone should be -5 for EST,
-6 for CST, -7 for MST, or -8 for PST. If you want your times
adjusted for daylight savings time add an additional hour to your
zone adjustment (-5+1=-4 for EDT).
COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Page 3
NOTE: you may press <ESC> at any time to abort a command sequence.
<D>ate -
This option changes the date of the next plot.
<T>ime -
This option changes the time of the next plot.
<O>bservers location -
This option changes the earthly location of the observation.
<A>bbreviations -
Toggles constellation abbreviations on and off. At scales of
3X and greater the names of the planets, Moon, and Sun will
also be included. Also, a complete listing of constellations
and their abbreviations is included in a table at the end of
this document.
<L>ines -
Toggles display of constellation lines on and off.
<N>GC -
Toggles symbolic display of NGCs (and Messier objects). In MSO
mode SKY displays only objects in the Messier catalog. In NGC mode
SKY displays a small subset of the New General Catalog of celestial
objects. Most of these objects are visible only through telescopes
& binoculars, but a few are visible without optical aid. (like the
Andromeda galaxy, double cluster in Perseus, Beehive in Cancer, etc.)
<G>rid work -
Toggles the display of celestial grid. This "grid" represents
the lines of Right Ascension and Declination: Right Ascension is
measured in Hours, Minutes, and seconds (just like a 24 hour clock).
Declination is measured in Degrees, Minutes, and seconds (it ranges
from 0 to 360, each degree is subdivided into 60 minutes, and each
minute is subdivided into 60 seconds). Note that in this program
I've left out the 'seconds' - that level of accuracy is not needed
in this type of application. Also drawn with the Grid, as a dotted
line, is the Ecliptic. This is the path which the sun, moon, and
planets follow in the sky.
<M>agnitude -
This sets the 'dimness' limit for the stars: the greater the
magnitude the dimmer the stars (star magnitudes range from -1 to 7).
This limit effects only stars (not NGC objects).
<S>cale -
Scale sets the magnification of the map, it ranges from 0.5X up to
999.99X.
COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS Page 4
<C>enter -
This option sets the center of the map. You may choose to center
on the zenith (straight up), the equatorial coordinates (a right
ascension and declination - see <G>rid), or an object. The object
option allows you to center the screen on a star (by it's name),
a constellation (by it's abbreviation), a planet (by the first
three letters of it's name), a NGC object (by it's number), or a
Messier object (by it's number). SKY will also search the NGC
database by matching words. For example, to find the Andromeda
galaxy you simply select the <W>ord option and type 'and'. Then
SKY will show you, one by one, the objects in the database that
have a description with the word you typed in.
<K>ey -
This option displays a 'KEY' to the map: it shows the symbols
for the NGC objects and a compass. The compass arrow points
north (the bottom of the compass shows which way to face to see
what's on the screen in the real sky).
<P>lot -
This option causes the map to be displayed (or re-displayed).
If your computer is a slower one (none 8087) you will want to keep
the options (<L>ines,<N>GC,<G>rid) off and set <M>agnitude to
a lower value (like 4 or 5) until you get the map centered and
magnified. Then turn on the options you want, set the magnitude
to a higher number (if you like), and make the map with p<R>int
or <P>lot.
p<R>int -
This option causes the map to be printed. When printing a map
you are first asked (if <N>GC is set to ON) if you want a listing
of the objects which are plotted on the map. If you select this,
option the listing will be printed following the map. You are then
asked if you want <H>orizon or <E>quatorial orientation. Horizon
orientation is the default (it's the same as on-screen plots).
Equatorial, if selected prints the map in one of two projections.
If the center of the between +/-35 degrees Declination, then a
Cylindrical projection is used. Outside of the +/-35 degrees a
Conic projection is used. This option is useful when printing star
charts for use with an Equatorially mounted telescope. And last,
you are asked for the type of the map. This allows you to make
finder charts (for telescopes) which are exactly like what you see
in the eyepiece. 'Normal' prints a map which is exactly like what
is in the sky (Newtonian reflectors have a normal image), 'Mirrored'
maps are flipped left-right (as in Refractors and Cassegrains with
diagonals), 'Mirrored and Inverted' are flipped both ways (as in
Refractors and Cassegrains without diagonals).
ALSO: When SKY prints a map it uses the current settings
NOT the image on the screen: you may make one <P>lot, then center
and magnify various areas of the map (with the mouse and/or KB) and
p<R>int the magnified areas from the map on the screen.
<Q>uit -
Exits SKY.
MISC. TABLES Page 5
"CL" (CLASS) Summary for objects listed under SKY map print-outs.
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| SG= Spiral Galaxy | DN= Diffuse Nebula | OC= Open Cluster |
| EG= Elliptical Galaxy| PN= Planetary Nebula | GC= Globular Cluster |
| IG= Irregular Galaxy | DN= Dark Nebula | DS= Double Star |
| | | QS= Quasar |
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
CONSTALLATION ABVERRATIONS
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| ABV. NAME | ABV. NAME | ABV. NAME |
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------|
| And Andromeda | Cyg Cygnus | Pab Pabo |
| Ant Antila | Del Delphinus | Peg Pegasus |
| Aps Apus | Dor Dordo | Per Perseus |
| Aqr Aquarius | Dra Draco | Phe Phoenix |
| Aql Aquila | Equ Equuleus | Pic Pictor |
| Ara Ara | Eri Eridanus | Psc Pisces |
| Ari Aries | For Fornax | PsA " Austrinus |
| Aur Auriga | Gem Gemini | Pup Puppis |
| Boo Bootes | Gru Grus | Pyx Pyxis |
| Cae Caelum | Her Hercules | Ret Reticulum |
| Cam Camelopardalis | Hor Horologium | Sge Sagitta |
| Cnc Cancer | Hya Hydra | Sgr Sagittarius |
| CVn Canes Venatici | Hyi Hydrus | Sco Scorpius |
| CMa Canis Major | Ind Indus | Scl Sculptor |
| CMi Canis Minor | Lac Lacerta | Sct Scutum |
| Cap Capricornus | Leo Leo | Ser Serpens |
| Car Carina | LMi Leo Minor | Sex Sextans |
| Cas Cassiopeia | Lep Lepus | Tau Taurus |
| Cen Centaurus | Lib Libra | Tel Telescopium |
| Cep Cepheus | Lup Lupus | Tri Triangulum |
| Cet Cetus | Lyn Lynx | TrA " Australe|
| Cha Chamaeleon | Lyr Lyra | Tuc Tucana |
| Cir Circinus | Men Mensa | UMa Ursa Major |
| Col Columba | Mic Microscopium | UMi Ursa Minor |
| Com Coma Berenices | Mon Monoceros | Vel Vela |
| CrA Corona Austrina| Mus Musca | Vir Virgo |
| CrB Corona Borealis| Nor Norma | Vol Volans |
| Crv Corvus | Oct Octans | Vul Vulpecula |
| Crt Crater | Oph Ophiochus | |
| Cru Crux | Ori Orion | |
+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
TECHNICAL STUFF Page 6
*************************************************************************
* Accuracy:
Star position calculations include precession (when
the year > 50 years from 2000.0).
Planets / Moon / Sun -
GENERAL ACCURACY
Planets - within .25 deg. of dec. & 3 minutes R.A.
Moon - within .20 deg. of ecliptic coordinates
Sun - within .05 deg. of dec. & 10 seconds of R.A.
* Speed:
On machines without an 8087 plotting will take a long time...
20 minutes on a 4.77MHZ 8088.
My 8086/8087 running at 8MHZ does a plot in about twenty seconds.
* Data-Base built from:
--------------- ------------
Yale Catalog STARS .DAT
Darrell Green's NGC200 .CAT
LINES .DAT by "me" (all ten blurry eyed hours of it!)
STARNAME.DAT by "me" (an hour or two)
VERSION STATUS Page 7
Version 1.1p - corrects an error in the constellation line data-base
and adds support for the major color graphics standards. I've
also made a few changes to make the program more easy to use.
Version 1.2p - In this version I've made some major improvements:
First, as pointed out by Jim Lill (a CP/M RT sysop) I've added the
"0" in the ten's of minutes field (along with some other cleaning up).
After looking at Septembers issue of ASTRONOMY I decided to take
a look at the Moon's occultation of Tau-Scorpii from SKY... Very poor
accuracy on my part so... I corrected a bug in the sun/moon calculations
and added more calculations in the sun/moon/planet sections for better
accuracy (geocentric parallax corrections).
Then I improved on the "object lookup feature":
I added the names of the brightest stars (218 of 'em): they're displayed
with other star info when you press the left button of the mouse.
Also, I fixed the "C"enter option-it now works-and added a search
feature to this option. This last feature makes the program useful even
if you don't have a mouse.
AND... too many other fixes/mods to mention (mostly small ones).
Version 1.21p - just moved the .BGI drivers into SKY.EXE and did
away with the .PAK format archive. I've also estimated how much memory
this program will need:
Main program + 96K
Data for " + 48K ( this is accurate for V2.0 )
Stack for " + 16K
Heap: stars + 137K ( V2.0 lowers this by 50K )
ngcs + 25K ( " 4K )
star names + 5K
plotter + 34K ( hi-res. print mode uses 64K )
font file + 2K
graph drv + 6K
DOS + 64K ( depending on version + drivers )
---------------
total= 433K (463K with Hi-Res option print option)
Version 2.0 - Many, many new features...
Multi-Res. graphics ( now uses EGA/MCGA/VGA in 640X350 or 640X480 )
Printer support (with a choice of map projections and NGC listings)
New sub-option under <C>enter: you may now scan the NGC object
descriptions for a <W>ord. This allows searching for named objects
like: Andromeda, Ring, Whirlpool, Owl, etc.
I also changed around the organization of the plotting routines. They
were keeping the Altitude and Azimuth in memory for each star and
NGC object (which allowed faster re-plotting) but I wanted the mem.
Added 1/3 more stars (11707 stars: reach to magnitude 7.5 or greater)
Added an installation program to SKY (with more install options, like
a mode for mono/color monitors and graphics resolution selection)
Fixed a bug that caused MSDOS to run out of file variables: caused
a "FILE NOT FOUND" error.
Version 2.1 -
Corrected a bug which caused planets to be 15X too large.
I've changed the planet color to red for easy identification.
Corrected the display for a true 1 to 1 aspect ratio.
Added MSO mode to NGC switch for display of Messier objects only.
NOTE: version 2.2 was developed from v2.0 as the source to v2.1
was lost.
---> Version 2.2r - (r means rEAL math / 80x87 version is for those who
register)
First version to be distributed as shareware.
Corrected printing problems.
Sky now uses a quicker method to load data files.
Information in data files is encoded to save space (in memory and
on disk).
Added support for the Hercules mono mode (720x348).
FEED BACK Page 8
If you note any problems with SKY just drop me a line, I'll do my
best to correct them.
Mail address -
Howard J. Dutton
P.O. Box 694
Worcester PA, 19490
GENIE address - H.Dutton
COMPUSERVE - 70641,1045