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oriprop4.txt
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1996-01-19
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FOR RELEASE: November 20, 1995
PHOTO NO.: STScI-PRC95-45b
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SPIES PLANETARY SYSTEMS IN THE MAKING
These are Hubble Space Telescope images of four newly discovered
protoplanetary disks around young stars in the Orion nebula, located
1,500 light-years away. Gas and dust disks, long suspected by
astronomers to be an early stage of planetary formation, can be
directly seen in visible light by Hubble.
Disks around young stars (also known as circumstellar or protoplanetary
disks) are thought to be made up of 99% gas and 1% dust. Even that
small amount of dust is enough to make the disks opaque and dark at
visible wavelengths. The dark disks are seen in these images because
they are silhouetted against the bright backdrop of the hot gas of the
Orion nebula.
The red glow in the center of each disk is a young, newly formed star,
roughly one million years old (compared to the 4.5 billion year age of
the Sun). The stars range in mass from 30% to 150% of the mass of our
own Sun. As they evolve, the disks may go on to form planetary systems
like our own. While only a handful of these dark silhouette disks have
been discovered so far, they seem to belong to a much larger family of
similar objects, and current indications are that protoplanetary disks
are common in the Orion nebula.
Mark McCaughrean of the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg,
Germany, and his collaborator C. Robert O'Dell from Rice University,
Houston, Texas, spotted the new disks in large-scale survey images of
the Orion nebula that O'Dell had taken with Hubble between January 1994
and March 1995. A detailed study of the disk images has been submitted
for publication to the Astronomical Journal.
Each image is 167 billion miles, or 257 billion kilometers across (30
times the diameter of our own solar system). The disks range in size
from two to eight times the diameter of our solar system. The
researchers explain the different circular or elliptical shapes as
being due to the fact that each disk is tilted toward Earth by
different degrees.
Each picture is a composite of three images taken with Hubble's Wide
Field and Planetary Camera 2, through narrow-band filters which admit
the light of emission lines of ionized oxygen (represented here by
blue), hydrogen (green), and nitrogen (red). The hot gas of the
background Orion nebula emits strongly at each of these wavelengths,
providing a strong backdrop for the disks to be silhouetted against.
In each case, the central star is also clearly visible.
Credit: Mark McCaughrean (Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy),
C. Robert O'Dell (Rice University), and NASA
Image files in GIF and JPEG format and captions may be accessed on
Internet via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo:
GIF JPEG
PRC95-45b Proplyds in Orion gif/OriProp4.gif jpeg/OriProp4.jpg
Higher resolution digital versions (300 dpi JPEG) of the release
photographs will be available temporarily in /pubinfo/hrtemp:
95-45b.jpg.
GIF and JPEG images and captions are available via World Wide Web at
http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/PR/95/45.html, or via links in
http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Latest.html, and in
http://www.stsci.edu/pubinfo/Pictures.html.