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1996-01-12
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EMBARGOED UNTIL: 2:00 P.M. EDT April 19, 1995
CONTACT: Don Savage
NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC
(Phone: 202-358-1547)
Tammy Jones
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
(Phone: 301-286-5566)
Ray Villard
Space Telescope Science Institute
(410-338-4514)
RELEASE NO.: STScI-PR95-21
HUBBLE DISCOVERS NEW DARK SPOT ON NEPTUNE
The distant, blue-green planet Neptune has again surprised astronomers
with the emergence of a new great dark spot in the cloudy planet's
northern hemisphere. The feature was discovered by NASA's Hubble Space
Telescope.
Only last June, Hubble images revealed that a great dark spot in the
southern hemisphere - discovered by the Voyager 2 spacecraft during its
1989 flyby - had mysteriously disappeared.
The new dark spot is a near mirror-image of the previous feature first
mapped by Voyager 2. The northern dark spot discovered by Hubble is
accompanied by bright, high-altitude clouds. As atmospheric gasses
flow up over the spot, they cool to form these methane-ice crystal
clouds.
"Hubble is showing us that Neptune has changed radically since 1989,"
said Heidi Hammel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "New
features like this indicate that with Neptune's extraordinary dynamics,
the planet can look completely different in just a few weeks."
Like its predecessor, the new spot might be a hole in Neptune's methane
cloud tops that gives a peek to lower levels of the atmosphere. "We
weren t surprised the other spot disappeared, "said Hammel. "It was
kind of 'floppy' because it changed shape as atmospheric circulation
carried it around the planet." (By contrast, Jupiter's Great Red
Spot, which is similar to Neptune's original spot in relative size and
position, has remained stable in appearance for at least 300 years.)
Hammel points out that studying the dynamics of Neptune's immense
atmosphere might lead to a better understanding of Earth's atmosphere.
"Neptune's unusual behavior is showing us that though we can make great
models of planetary atmospheric circulation, there may be key pieces
missing."
Energy from the Sun drives Earth's weather system. However, the
mechanism must be very different on Neptune because the planet radiates
2 times more energy than it receives from the distant, dim Sun.
Neptune's atmosphere might be so dynamic because the cloud tops are
warmed from below by this strong internal heat source. A slight
change in the temperature differential from cloud bottom to top might
trigger rapid, large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation.
Since the 1989 Voyager flyby, astronomers using ground-based telescopes
have not been able to resolve the subtle structures in Neptune's
variable atmosphere, particularly the low-contrast dark features.
The astronomers don t know how long the new feature will last. For the
first time in planetary history though, Hubble will allow astronomers
to follow the details of Neptune's atmospheric changes over at least a
decade.
* * * *
The Space Telescope Science Institute is operated by the Association
of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) for NASA, under
contract with the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. The
Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation
between NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA).
NOTE TO EDITORS: Digital image files in GIF and JPEG format may be
accessed via anonymous ftp from ftp.stsci.edu in /pubinfo:
GIF JPEG
Neptune 3 visits /pubinfo/gif/Nept3.gif /pubinfo/jpeg/Nept3.jpg
Neptune Dark Spot /pubinfo/gif/NeptDS.gif /pubinfo/jpeg/NeptDS.jpg
The same images are available via World Wide Web from links in URL
http://www.stsci.edu/pubic.html or more directly from
http://www.stsci.edu/Latest.html.