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mars3bw.txt
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1995-03-31
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PHOTO RELEASE NO.: STScI-PRC95-17A B/W
EMBARGOED UNTIL: 2:00 P.M. EST March 21, 1995
MARS AT OPPOSITION
These NASA Hubble Space Telescope views provide the most detailed
complete global coverage of the red planet Mars ever seen from Earth.
The pictures were taken on February 25, 1995, when Mars was at a
distance of 65 million miles (103 million km).
To the surprise of researchers, Mars is cloudier than seen in previous
years. This means the planet is cooler and drier, because water vapor
in the atmosphere freezes out to form ice-crystal clouds. Hubble
resolves Martian surface features with a level of detail only exceeded
by planetary probes, such as impact craters and other features as small
as 30 miles (50 kilometers) across.
[Tharsis region] - A crescent-shaped cloud just right of center
identifies the immense shield volcano Olympus Mons, which is 340 miles
(550 km) across at its base. Warm afternoon air pushed up over the
summit forms ice-crystal clouds downwind from the volcano. Farther to
the east (right) a line of clouds forms over a row of three extinct
volcanoes which are from north to south: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons,
Arsia Mons. It's part of an unusual, recurring "W"-shaped cloud
formation that once mystified earlier ground-based observers.
[Valles Marineris region] - The 16 mile-high volcano Ascraeus Mons
pokes through the cloud deck along the western (left) limb of the
planet. Other interesting geologic features include (lower left)
Valles Marineris, an immense rift valley the length of the continental
United States. Near the image center lies the Chryse basin made up of
cratered and chaotic terrain. The oval- looking Argyre impact basin
(bottom) appears white due to clouds or frost.
Syrtis Major region] - The dark "shark fin" feature left of center is
Syrtis Major. Below it the giant impact basin Hellas. Clouds cover
several great volcanos in the Elysium region near the eastern (right)
limb. As clearly seen in the Hubble images, past dust storms in Mars'
southern hemisphere have scoured the plains of fine light dust and
transported the dust northward. This leaves behind a relatively
coarser, and less reflective sand in, predominantly, the southern
hemisphere.
The pictures were taken with Hubble's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
Credit: Philip James (University of Toledo),
Steven Lee (University of Colorado),
NASA