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1995-06-05
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FOR RELEASE: June 5, 1995
PHOTO FILE NO: PRC95-25A
SATURN'S RINGS EDGE-ON
In one of nature's most dramatic examples of "now-you see-them,
now-you-don't", NASA's Hubble Space Telescope captured
Saturn on May 22, 1995 as the planet's magnificent ring system
turned edge-on. This ring-plane crossing occurs approximately
every 15 years when the Earth passes through Saturn's ring plane.
For comparison, the top picture was taken by Hubble on
December 1, 1994 and shows the rings in a more familiar
configuration for Earth observers.
The bottom picture was taken shortly before the ring plane
crossing. The rings do not disappear completely because
the edge of the rings reflects sunlight. The dark band across
the middle of Saturn is the shadow of the rings cast on the
planet (the Sun is almost 3 degrees above the ring plane.)
The bright stripe directly above the ring shadow is caused
by sunlight reflected off the rings onto Saturn's atmosphere.
Two of Saturn's icy moons are visible as tiny starlike objects
in or near the ring plane. They are, from left to right, Tethys
(slightly above the ring plane) and Dione.
This observation will be used to determine the time of ring-plane
crossing and the thickness of the main rings and to search for
as yet undiscovered satellites. Knowledge of the exact time of
ring-plane crossing will lead to an improved determination of the
rate at which Saturn "wobbles" about its axis (polar precession).
Both pictures were taken with Hubble's Wide Field Planetary
Camera 2. The top image was taken in visible light. Saturn's disk
appears different in the bottom image because a narrowband filter
(which only lets through light that is not absorbed by methane gas
in Saturn's atmosphere) was used to reduce the bright glare of the
planet. Though Saturn is approximately 900 million miles away, Hubble
can see details as small as 450 miles across.
Credits:
Top photo: Reta Beebe (New Mexico State University), D. Gilmore
L. Bergeron (ST ScI) and NASA.
Bottom photo: Amanda S. Bosh (Lowell Observatory), Andrew
S. Rivkin (Univ. of Arizona/LPL), the HST High Speed
Photometer Instrument Team (R.C. Bless, PI), and NASA.