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- PHOTO RELEASE NO.: STScI-PRC94-50a RELEASE DATE: November 2, 1994
-
- HUBBLE OBSERVES THE MOONS AND RINGS OF THE PLANET URANUS
-
- This NASA Hubble Space Telescope image of the planet Uranus reveals
- the planet's rings, at least five of the inner moons, and bright clouds in the
- planet's southern hemisphere. Hubble now allows astronomers to revisit
- the planet at a level of detail not possible since the Voyager 2 spacecraft
- flew by the planet briefly, nearly a decade ago.
-
- Hubble's new view was obtained on August 14, 1994, when Uranus was
- 1.7 billion miles (2.8 billion kilometers) from Earth. Similar details, as
- imaged by the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2, were only previously seen
- by the Voyager 2 spacecraft that flew by Uranus in 1986 (the rings were
- discovered by stellar occultation experiments in 1977, but not seen directly
- until Voyager flew to Uranus). Since the flyby, none of these inner
- satellites has been observed further, and detailed observations of the rings
- and Uranus' atmosphere have not been possible, because the rings are lost
- in the planet's glare as seen through ground-based optical telescopes.
-
- Each of the inner moons appears as a string of three dots in this picture
- because it is a composite of three images, taken about six minutes apart.
- When these images are combined, they show the motion of the moons
- compared with the sky background. Because the moons move much more
- rapidly than our own Moon, they change position noticeably over only a
- few minutes. (These multiple images also help to distinguish the moons
- from stars and imaging detector artifacts, i.e., cosmic rays and electronic
- noise).
-
- Thanks to Hubble's capabilities, astronomers will now be able to determine
- the orbits more precisely. With this increase in accuracy, astronomers can
- better probe the unusual dynamics of Uranus' complicated satellite system.
- Measuring the moons' brightness in several colors might offer clues to the
- satellites' origin by providing new information on their mineralogical
- composition. Similar measurements of the rings should yield new insights
- into their composition and origin.
-
- One of the four gas giant planets of our solar system, Uranus is largely
- featureless. HST does reveal a high altitude haze which appears as a bright
- "cap" above the planet's south pole, along with clouds at southern latitudes
- (similar structures were observed by Voyager). Unlike Earth, Uranus' south
- pole points toward the Sun during part of the planet's 84-year orbit.
- Thanks to its high resolution and ability to make observations over many
- years, Hubble can follow seasonal changes in Uranus' atmosphere, which
- should be unusual given the planet's large tilt.
-
- Credit: Kenneth Seidelmann, U.S. Naval Observatory,
- and NASA
-
-
- These observations were conducted by a team led by Dr. Ken Seidelmann
- of the U.S. Naval Observatory as Principal Investigator. These images
- have been processed by Professor Douglas Currie and Mr. Dan Dowling in
- the Department of Physics at the University of Maryland. Other team
- members are Dr. Ben Zellner at Georgia Southern University, Dr. Dan
- Pascu and Mr. Jim Rhode at the U.S. Naval Observatory, and Dr. Ed
- Wells, Mr. Charles Kowal (Computer Science Corporation) and Dr. Alex
- Storrs of the Space Telescope Science Institute.
-