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jupimvuv.txt
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1994-10-05
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PHOTO RELEASE NO.: STScI-PRC94-44 FOR RELEASE: September 29,1994
JUPITER'S UPPER ATMOSPHERIC WINDS REVEALED IN ULTRAVIOLET IMAGES
BY HUBBLE TELESCOPE
These four NASA Hubble Space Telescope images of Jupiter, as seen
in visible (violet) and far-ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths, show
the remarkable spreading of the clouds of smoke and dust thrown
into the atmosphere after the impacts of the fragments of comet
P/Shoemaker-Levy 9. These dark regions provide the only
information ever obtained on the wind direction and speed in
Jupiter's upper atmosphere.
TOP
Three impact sites appear as dark smudges lined up along
Jupiter's southern hemisphere (from left to right, sites C, A,
and E). This pair of images was obtained on 17 July, several
hours after the E impact. These 3 impact sites appear strikingly
darker in the far-ultraviolet images to the right. This is
because the smoke and dust rising from the fireballs absorbs UV
light more strongly than violet light, so that the clouds appear
both darker and larger in the UV images. Apparently, the
fireball and plume threw large amounts of material completely
above the atmosphere. This material diffused back down through
the atmosphere with the smaller and lighter particles suspended
at high altitudes.
BOTTOM
Hubble's view of the same hemisphere of Jupiter 12-13 days later
shows that the smoke and dust have now been spread mainly in the
east/west direction by the prevailing winds at the altitude where
the dark material is suspended or "floating" in the atmosphere.
HST shows that winds in Jupiter's upper atmosphere carry the
high altitude smoke and dust in different directions than in the
lower atmosphere. For example, the UV image shows a fainter
cloud near 45 deg. south latitude, which does not appear in the
violet image. The fainter cloud may be due to high altitude
material which is drifting with the upper atmospheric winds to
the north away from the polar regions. However, in the left-hand
impact regions the clouds being observed are lower in the
atmosphere where there is apparently no such northerly wind.
The violet images show the Great Red Spot, on the eastern (right)
limb, one of Jupiter's moons crossing in front of the planet in
the northern hemisphere (and its shadow on Jupiter's clouds on
the left-hand side in the lower image), and the dark clouds above
3 of the impact sites near 45 deg. south latitude. In addition,
Jupiter's polar aurora can also be seen in the far-ultraviolet
images near both northern and southern poles.
The images were taken with the Wide Field Planetary Camera-2.
Credit: J.T. Clarke, G.E. Ballester (University of
Michigan), and J.T. Trauger (Jet Propulsion Laboratory),
and NASA