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1994-03-06
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JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
PHOTO CAPTION P-43510
February 1994
Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1993e) made a close approach to Jupiter
in the summer of 1992 and was broken into multiple pieces as a
result of tidal forces from that giant planet. These remaining
pieces will plunge into Jupiter's atmosphere at high speed (60
km/sec) during a 5.6-day period centered on July 19, 1994,
possibly producing spectacular results depending on the sizes of
the impacting nuclei. The Hubble Space Telescope's Wi de Field
and Planetary Camera first observed the comet on July 1, 1993,
and the data indicated that the 11 largest nuclei probably have
diameters in the range of 2 to 4 kilometers.
The new images, taken with the Hubble telescope's new Wide Field
a nd Planetary Camera-II instrument on January 24-27, 1994, have
given us an even clearer view of this fascinating object, which
should allow a refinement of the size estimates. In addition,
the new images show strong evidence for continuing fragmentati on
of some of the remaining nuclei, which will be monitored by the
Hubble telescope over the next several months.
The upper part of the screen shows a mosaic containing two new
Wide-Field Camera (WFC) images and one Planetary Camera (PC)
image (res ampled to the same resolution as the WFC images) of the
comet. Twenty nuclei are visible here, while one more is
slightly outside of the field-of-view (to the right). Each
nucleus has its own coma and tail. The fourth nucleus from the
left (the firs t bright one) is apparently starting to separate
into at least two pieces. Notice that some of the nuclei are now
significantly displaced from the "train," which is defined by the
imaginary line connecting most of the bright nuclei. Also notice
that most of the dust (fine particles) in the system lies below
the train as a result of solar radiation pressure pushing the
dust in this direction. The width and height of this image
project to distances of 605,000 kilometers (376,000 miles) and
126,500 kilometers (78,600 miles), respectively, at the comet.
The lower left and right parts of the screen show the region near
the brightest nucleus at higher resolution in images taken with
the Planetary Camera (PC). To the left is the new image from th e
corrected PC, while the image to the right shows old data from
the aberrated PC. Although careful analysis of the old data
indicated that this region contained four nuclei, the new data
show this much more clearly. Also, the relative separations an d
orientations of these nuclei have changed dramatically during the
time period between the old and new images. These changes should
provide further insight into the mechanism producing the
fragmentation. The widths and heights of each of these PC i║mages
project to distances of approximately 61,100 kilometers (38,000
miles) and 48,300 kilometers (30,000 miles), respectively, at the
comet.
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