home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Telecom
/
1996-04-telecom-walnutcreek.iso
/
legal-fcc
/
psc.auction.results.3-95
< prev
next >
Wrap
Internet Message Format
|
1995-03-16
|
23KB
Received: from delta.eecs.nwu.edu by MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU id aa20756;
17 Mar 95 15:35 EST
Received: by delta.eecs.nwu.edu (4.1/SMI-4.0-proxy)
id AA08076; Fri, 17 Mar 95 09:17:16 CST
Return-Path: <telecom>
Received: by delta.eecs.nwu.edu (4.1/SMI-4.0-proxy)
id AA08054; Fri, 17 Mar 95 09:17:11 CST
Date: Fri, 17 Mar 95 09:17:11 CST
From: telecom@delta.eecs.nwu.edu (TELECOM Digest (Patrick Townson))
Message-Id: <9503171517.AA08054@delta.eecs.nwu.edu>
To: telecom
Subject: PCS Auction Results and Analysis
Bob Keller has kindly provided us with an analysis of the PCS auction
results of March 13, and this special report is being sent out for your
review over the weekend as a special mailing since it is too large for
a regular issue of the Digest.
PAT
Date: Tue, 14 Mar 1995 00:20:07 -0500 (EST)
From: Bob Keller <rjk@telcomlaw.com>
Subject: PCS Auction Analysis
======================================================
A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE PCS AUCTION RESULTS (3-13-95)
======================================================
Prepared by Robert J. Keller, P.C. <rjk@telcomlaw.com>
------------------------------------------------------
CONTENTS:
ITEM 00: Introduction
ITEM 01: Final Round Bidding Results
ITEM 02: Comparative Value of the MTAs
ITEM 03: Bidder-by-Bidder Analysis
==========================================================================
ITEM 00: Introduction
==========================================================================
The FCC has finally completed the auction of 99 Broadband PCS licenses in
51 MTAs. After only barely breaking the $7 billion barrier last week, the
FCC had scheduled three bidding rounds for each day of this week, but did
not make it through all three on Monday. No new bids were received during
Round 112, the third schedulded for Monday, March 13, and the Commission
declared the acutions closed. The final total bid amount for all 99
licenses was $7,019,403,797.
- RJK -
==========================================================================
ITEM 01: Final Round Bidding Results
==========================================================================
The following tabulation shows the final round bidding results, including
the MTA population and a calculated dollars per MHz-Pop figure. I have
used dollars per MHz-Pop because this was the basis for the upfront
payments submitted at the beginning of the auction ($0.02 per MHz-Pop),
and because it provides a factor for comparing these values to that of
other types of spectrum. If you prefer to think in terms of dollars per
pop, simply multiply the figure in the $/M-P column below by 30.
MTA# Population $/M-P Winning Bid Winning Bidder
----- ---------- ----- ------------ ------------------------------
M001B 26,410,597 $0.56 $442,712,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M002B 19,145,232 $0.86 $493,500,000 Pacific Telesis Mobile Service
M003A 12,069,700 $1.03 $372,750,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M003B 12,069,700 $1.06 $385,050,583 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M004A 11,891,177 $0.58 $206,500,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M004B 11,891,177 $0.57 $202,150,000 Pacific Telesis Mobile Service
M005A 10,001,009 $0.27 $81,177,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M005B 10,001,009 $0.29 $86,107,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M006A 9,752,317 $0.23 $66,616,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M006B 9,752,317 $0.24 $70,907,001 BellSouth Personal Communicati
M007A 9,694,157 $0.30 $87,500,578 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M007B 9,694,157 $0.30 $88,444,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M008A 9,452,712 $0.43 $121,660,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M008B 9,452,712 $0.45 $127,065,892 WirelessCo, L.P.
M009A 8,927,748 $0.30 $80,951,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M009B 8,927,748 $0.32 $84,995,012 PhillieCo, L.P.
M010B 7,777,875 $0.91 $211,771,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M011A 6,942,084 $0.95 $198,411,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M011B 6,942,084 $0.89 $184,660,483 GTE Macro Communications Corpo
M012A 5,986,039 $0.22 $39,674,673 WirelessCo, L.P.
M012B 5,986,039 $0.20 $36,600,012 American Portable Telecommunic
M013A 5,417,788 $0.55 $89,786,837 American Portable Telecommunic
M013B 5,417,788 $0.61 $99,327,723 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M014A 5,190,849 $0.54 $83,888,837 American Portable Telecommunic
M014B 5,190,849 $0.53 $82,680,425 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M015A 5,136,581 $0.85 $131,723,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M015B 5,136,581 $0.82 $126,020,126 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M016A 4,945,749 $0.59 $87,000,000 Ameritech Wireless Communicati
M016B 4,945,749 $0.58 $85,881,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M017A 4,925,269 $0.64 $93,949,001 WirelessCo, L.P.
M017B 4,925,269 $0.61 $89,475,484 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M018A 4,716,665 $0.30 $41,932,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M018B 4,716,665 $0.30 $42,733,483 GTE Macro Communications Corpo
M019A 4,663,926 $0.85 $118,836,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M019B 4,663,926 $0.82 $114,325,789 WirelessCo, L.P.
M020A 4,541,432 $0.62 $85,043,289 WirelessCo, L.P.
M020B 4,541,432 $0.63 $86,000,001 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M021A 4,102,766 $0.23 $28,719,362 WirelessCo, L.P.
M021B 4,102,766 $0.26 $31,665,837 American Portable Telecommunic
M022A 3,880,637 $0.55 $64,436,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M022B 3,880,637 $0.55 $64,502,483 GTE Macro Communications Corpo
M023A 3,846,210 $0.29 $33,652,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M023B 3,846,210 $0.29 $33,045,045 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M024A 3,827,175 $0.93 $106,355,002 GTE Macro Communications Corpo
M024B 3,827,175 $0.92 $105,163,484 WirelessCo, L.P.
M025A 3,623,846 $0.52 $56,899,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M025B 3,623,846 $0.50 $54,672,000 Centennial Cellular Corp.
M026A 3,556,648 $0.46 $49,262,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M026B 3,556,648 $0.44 $46,577,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M027A 3,510,140 $0.74 $78,347,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M027B 3,510,140 $0.72 $75,608,434 WirelessCo, L.P.
M028A 3,465,226 $0.42 $43,169,000 Powertel PCS Partners, L.P.
M028B 3,465,226 $0.42 $43,168,314 Southwestern Bell Mobile Syste
M029A 3,244,076 $0.37 $35,597,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M029B 3,244,076 $0.36 $35,278,000 Powertel PCS Partners, L.P.
M030A 3,059,948 $0.37 $34,155,030 Western PCS Corporation
M030B 3,059,948 $0.37 $34,139,785 WirelessCo, L.P.
M031A 3,017,475 $0.78 $70,433,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M031B 3,017,475 $0.79 $71,100,000 Ameritech Wireless Communicati
M032A 3,006,139 $0.25 $22,100,031 Western PCS Corporation
M032B 3,006,139 $0.23 $21,042,973 WirelessCo, L.P.
M033A 2,986,524 $0.61 $54,394,123 WirelessCo, L.P.
M033B 2,986,524 $0.58 $51,950,059 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M034A 2,913,304 $0.27 $23,619,168 WirelessCo, L.P.
M034B 2,913,304 $0.27 $23,611,837 American Portable Telecommunic
M035A 2,777,046 $0.23 $18,893,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M035B 2,777,046 $0.24 $19,864,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M036A 2,573,372 $0.59 $45,847,030 Western PCS Corporation
M036B 2,573,372 $0.60 $46,179,852 WirelessCo, L.P.
M037A 2,274,933 $0.67 $46,000,000 Powertel PCS Partners, L.P.
M037B 2,274,933 $0.65 $44,500,544 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M038A 2,145,561 $0.35 $22,290,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M038B 2,145,561 $0.34 $22,176,837 American Portable Telecommunic
M039A 2,113,890 $0.14 $8,634,030 Western PCS Corporation
M039B 2,113,890 $0.14 $8,634,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M040A 2,051,667 $0.21 $12,732,501 Southwestern Bell Mobile Syste
M040B 2,051,667 $0.20 $12,321,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M041A 1,877,478 $0.20 $11,111,111 Western PCS Corporation
M041B 1,877,478 $0.23 $13,142,346 WirelessCo, L.P.
M042A 1,863,335 $0.10 $5,688,000 Poka Lambro Telephone Cooperat
M042B 1,863,335 $0.11 $6,191,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M043A 1,767,391 $0.31 $16,374,000 WirelessCo, L.P.
M043B 1,767,391 $0.30 $15,810,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M044A 1,721,911 $0.21 $10,635,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M044B 1,721,911 $0.22 $11,149,000 BellSouth Personal Communicati
M045A 1,659,273 $0.09 $4,647,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M045B 1,659,273 $0.10 $5,078,000 Cox Cable Communications, Inc.
M046A 1,124,174 $0.13 $4,393,000 AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
M046B 1,124,174 $0.15 $4,901,343 WirelessCo, L.P.
M047A 1,108,229 $0.67 $22,361,030 Western PCS Corporation
M047B 1,108,229 $0.65 $21,675,432 PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
M048A 1,096,396 $0.53 $17,562,369 Southwestern Bell Mobile Syste
M048B 1,096,396 $0.51 $16,801,654 WirelessCo, L.P.
M049A 550,043 $0.06 $1,000,000 American Portable Telecommunic
M049B 550,043 $0.10 $1,650,129 GCI Communication Corp.
M050A 176,000 $0.02 $107,000 Poka Lambro Telephone Cooperat
M050B 176,000 $0.03 $141,837 American Portable Telecommunic
M051A 47,000 $0.15 $214,555 South Seas Satellite Communica
M051B 47,000 $0.16 $228,001 Communications International C
- RJK -
==========================================================================
ITEM 02: Comparative Value of the MTAs
==========================================================================
The following tabulation shows the comparative value of each MTA,
calculated and ranked on the basis of dollars bid per MHz-pop. The bids
received on the two bids in each MTA were combined for purposes of these
calculations, with the exception of Washington, Los Angeles, and New York
where only one license was auctioned due to the previous pioneer's
preference grants.
MTA# Market Name Population $/MP Total Bid
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
M010 * Washington-Baltimore 7,777,875 $0.91 $211,771,000
M002 * Los Angeles-San Diego 19,145,232 $0.86 $493,500,000
M001 * New York 26,410,597 $0.56 $442,712,000
M003 Chicago 12,069,700 $0.51 $372,750,000
M011 Atlanta 6,942,084 $0.48 $198,411,000
M024 Seattle (Excluding Alaska) 3,827,175 $0.46 $106,355,002
M015 Miami-Fort Lauderdale 5,136,581 $0.43 $131,723,000
M019 St. Louis 4,663,926 $0.42 $118,836,000
M031 Indianapolis 3,017,475 $0.39 $70,433,000
M027 Phoenix 3,510,140 $0.37 $78,347,000
M037 Jacksonville 2,274,933 $0.34 $46,000,000
M047 Honolulu 1,108,229 $0.34 $22,361,030
M017 New Orleans-Baton Rouge 4,925,269 $0.32 $93,949,001
M020 Milwaukee 4,541,432 $0.31 $85,043,289
M033 San Antonio 2,986,524 $0.30 $54,394,123
M017 New Orleans-Baton Rouge 4,925,269 $0.30 $89,475,484
M036 Salt Lake City 2,573,372 $0.30 $45,847,030
M016 Cleveland 4,945,749 $0.29 $87,000,000
M004 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 11,891,177 $0.29 $206,500,000
M022 Denver 3,880,637 $0.28 $64,436,000
M013 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Orlando 5,417,788 $0.28 $89,786,837
M014 Houston 5,190,849 $0.27 $83,888,837
M048 Tulsa 1,096,396 $0.27 $17,562,369
M025 Puerto Rico-U.S. Virgin Islands 3,623,846 $0.26 $56,899,000
M026 Louisville-Lexington-Evansville 3,556,648 $0.23 $49,262,000
M008 Boston-Providence 9,452,712 $0.21 $121,660,000
M028 Memphis-Jackson 3,465,226 $0.21 $43,169,000
M030 Portland 3,059,948 $0.19 $34,155,030
M029 Birmingham 3,244,076 $0.18 $35,597,000
M038 Columbus 2,145,561 $0.17 $22,290,000
M043 Nashville 1,767,391 $0.15 $16,374,000
M009 Philadelphia 8,927,748 $0.15 $80,951,000
M007 Dallas-Fort Worth 9,694,157 $0.15 $87,500,578
M018 Cincinnati-Dayton 4,716,665 $0.15 $41,932,000
M023 Richmond-Norfolk 3,846,210 $0.15 $33,652,000
M005 Detroit 10,001,009 $0.14 $81,177,000
M034 Kansas City 2,913,304 $0.14 $23,619,168
M032 Des Moines-Quad Cities 3,006,139 $0.12 $22,100,031
M021 Pittsburgh 4,102,766 $0.12 $28,719,362
M006 Charlotte-Greensboro-Greenville-Ralei 9,752,317 $0.11 $66,616,000
M035 Buffalo-Rochester 2,777,046 $0.11 $18,893,000
M012 Minneapolis-St. Paul 5,986,039 $0.11 $39,674,673
M040 Little Rock 2,051,667 $0.10 $12,732,501
M044 Knoxville 1,721,911 $0.10 $10,635,000
M041 Oklahoma City 1,877,478 $0.10 $11,111,111
M051 American Samoa 47,000 $0.08 $214,555
M039 El Paso-Albuquerque 2,113,890 $0.07 $8,634,030
M046 Wichita 1,124,174 $0.07 $4,393,000
M042 Spokane-Billings 1,863,335 $0.05 $5,688,000
M045 Omaha 1,659,273 $0.05 $4,647,000
M049 Alaska 550,043 $0.03 $1,000,000
M050 Guam-Northern Mariana Islands 176,000 $0.01 $107,000
* Only the Block B licenses were auctioned in MTA Nos. 1, 2, and 10,
the Block A licenses having already been awarded pursuant to
pioneer's preference grants.
- RJK -
==========================================================================
ITEM 03: Bidder-by-Bidder Analysis
==========================================================================
Finally, the following tables show the aggregate licenses won by each
winning bidder. They are ranked in deccending order of the total amount
bid. For purposes of these tables, dollars per pop (rather than dollars
per MHz-pop) were used.
WirelessCo, L.P.
================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M001B 26,410,597 $16.76 $442,712,000
M004A 11,891,177 $17.37 $206,500,000
M005B 10,001,009 $8.61 $86,107,000
M007B 9,694,157 $9.12 $88,444,000
M008B 9,452,712 $13.44 $127,065,892
M012A 5,986,039 $6.63 $39,674,673
M015A 5,136,581 $25.64 $131,723,000
M017A 4,925,269 $19.07 $93,949,001
M019B 4,663,926 $24.51 $114,325,789
M020A 4,541,432 $18.73 $85,043,289
M021A 4,102,766 $7.00 $28,719,362
M022A 3,880,637 $16.60 $64,436,000
M024B 3,827,175 $27.48 $105,163,484
M026B 3,556,648 $13.10 $46,577,000
M027B 3,510,140 $21.54 $75,608,434
M029A 3,244,076 $10.97 $35,597,000
M030B 3,059,948 $11.16 $34,139,785
M031A 3,017,475 $23.34 $70,433,000
M032B 3,006,139 $7.00 $21,042,973
M033A 2,986,524 $18.21 $54,394,123
M034A 2,913,304 $8.11 $23,619,168
M035A 2,777,046 $6.80 $18,893,000
M036B 2,573,372 $17.95 $46,179,852
M040B 2,051,667 $6.01 $12,321,000
M041B 1,877,478 $7.00 $13,142,346
M042B 1,863,335 $3.32 $6,191,000
M043A 1,767,391 $9.26 $16,374,000
M046B 1,124,174 $4.36 $4,901,343
M048B 1,096,396 $15.32 $16,801,654
-------------------------------------------
144,938,590 $14.56 $2,110,079,168
AT&T Wireless PCS Inc.
======================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M003A 12,069,700 $30.88 $372,750,000
M005A 10,001,009 $8.12 $81,177,000
M006A 9,752,317 $6.83 $66,616,000
M008A 9,452,712 $12.87 $121,660,000
M009A 8,927,748 $9.07 $80,951,000
M010B 7,777,875 $27.23 $211,771,000
M011A 6,942,084 $28.58 $198,411,000
M016B 4,945,749 $17.36 $85,881,000
M018A 4,716,665 $8.89 $41,932,000
M019A 4,663,926 $25.48 $118,836,000
M023A 3,846,210 $8.75 $33,652,000
M025A 3,623,846 $15.70 $56,899,000
M026A 3,556,648 $13.85 $49,262,000
M027A 3,510,140 $22.32 $78,347,000
M035B 2,777,046 $7.15 $19,864,000
M038A 2,145,561 $10.39 $22,290,000
M039B 2,113,890 $4.08 $8,634,000
M043B 1,767,391 $8.95 $15,810,000
M044A 1,721,911 $6.18 $10,635,000
M045A 1,659,273 $2.80 $4,647,000
M046A 1,124,174 $3.91 $4,393,000
-------------------------------------------
107,095,875 $15.73 $1,684,418,000
PCS PRIMECO, L.P.
=================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M003B 12,069,700 $31.90 $385,050,583
M007A 9,694,157 $9.03 $87,500,578
M013B 5,417,788 $18.33 $99,327,723
M014B 5,190,849 $15.93 $82,680,425
M015B 5,136,581 $24.53 $126,020,126
M017B 4,925,269 $18.17 $89,475,484
M020B 4,541,432 $18.94 $86,000,001
M023B 3,846,210 $8.59 $33,045,045
M033B 2,986,524 $17.39 $51,950,059
M037B 2,274,933 $19.56 $44,500,544
M047B 1,108,229 $19.56 $21,675,432
-------------------------------------------
57,191,672 $19.36 $1,107,226,000
Pacific Telesis Mobile Service
==============================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M002B 19,145,232 $25.78 $493,500,000
M004B 11,891,177 $17.00 $202,150,000
-------------------------------------------
31,036,409 $22.41 $695,650,000
American Portable Telecommunications
====================================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M012B 5,986,039 $6.11 $36,600,012
M013A 5,417,788 $16.57 $89,786,837
M014A 5,190,849 $16.16 $83,888,837
M021B 4,102,766 $7.72 $31,665,837
M034B 2,913,304 $8.10 $23,611,837
M038B 2,145,561 $10.34 $22,176,837
M049A 550,043 $1.82 $1,000,000
M050B 176,000 $0.81 $141,837
M016A 4,945,749 $17.59 $87,000,000
M031B 3,017,475 $23.56 $71,100,000
-------------------------------------------
34,445,574 $12.98 $446,972,034
GTE Macro Communications Corp.
==============================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M011B 6,942,084 $26.60 $184,660,483
M018B 4,716,665 $9.06 $42,733,483
M022B 3,880,637 $16.62 $64,502,483
M024A 3,827,175 $27.79 $106,355,002
-------------------------------------------
19,366,561 $20.56 $398,251,451
Western PCS Corporation
=======================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M030A 3,059,948 $11.16 $34,155,030
M032A 3,006,139 $7.35 $22,100,031
M036A 2,573,372 $17.82 $45,847,030
M039A 2,113,890 $4.08 $8,634,030
M041A 1,877,478 $5.92 $11,111,111
M047A 1,108,229 $20.18 $22,361,030
-------------------------------------------
13,739,056 $10.50 $144,208,262
Powertel PCS Partners, L.P.
===========================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M028A 3,465,226 $12.46 $43,169,000
M029B 3,244,076 $10.87 $35,278,000
M037A 2,274,933 $20.22 $46,000,000
-------------------------------------------
8,984,235 $13.85 $124,447,000
PhillieCo, L.P.
===============
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M009B 8,927,748 $9.52 $84,995,012
-------------------------------------------
8,927,748 $9.52 $84,995,012
BellSouth Personal Communications
=================================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M006B 9,752,317 $7.27 $70,907,001
M044B 1,721,911 $6.47 $11,149,000
-------------------------------------------
11,474,228 $7.15 $82,056,001
Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems
================================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M028B 3,465,226 $12.46 $43,168,314
M040A 2,051,667 $6.21 $12,732,501
M048A 1,096,396 $16.02 $17,562,369
-------------------------------------------
6,613,289 $11.11 $73,463,184
Centennial Cellular Corp.
=========================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M025B 3,623,846 $15.09 $54,672,000
-------------------------------------------
3,623,846 $15.09 $54,672,000
Poka Lambro Telephone Cooperative
=================================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M042A 1,863,335 $3.05 $5,688,000
M050A 176,000 $0.61 $107,000
-------------------------------------------
2,039,335 $2.84 $5,795,000
Cox Cable Communications, Inc.
==============================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M045B 1,659,273 $3.06 $5,078,000
-------------------------------------------
1,659,273 $3.06 $5,078,000
GCI Communication Corp.
=======================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M049B 550,043 $3.00 $1,650,129
-------------------------------------------
550,043 $3.00 $1,650,129
Communications International
============================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M051B 47,000 $4.85 $228,001
-------------------------------------------
47,000 4.85 $228,001
South Seas Satellite Communications
===================================
MTA# Population $/pop. Bid Amount
----- ----------- ------ ------------
M051A 47,000 $4.57 $214,555
-------------------------------------------
47,000 $4.57 $214,555
- RJK -
---------------------------------------------------------------
The foregoing tables were prepared by:
===============================================================
Bob Keller (KY3R) Email: rjk@telcomlaw.com
Law Office of Robert J. Keller, P.C. Telephone: 301.229.5208
Federal Telecommunications Law Facsimile: 301.229.6875
4200 Wisconsin Ave NW CompuServe: 76100,3333
Suite 106-261 <http://www.clark.net/pub/rjk/>
Washington DC 20016-2143 <ftp://ftp.eznet.net/pub/telcomlaw/>
===============================================================