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1993-10-14
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From: Legvold@edb.uib.no (Thor Legvold)
Subject: SlipServer paper - SLIP setup for server machines
Organization: University of Bergen, Norway
Date: Wed, 13 Oct 93 23:07:00 GMT
Lines: 1766
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(SLIP SERVER - USING DIALUP IP) 210.648 94.0 T
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(versjon 0.80b) 467.964 136.0 T
(revidert 10.10.93) 449.952 150.0 T
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(INTRODUCTION) 72.0 206.0 T
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(This paper discusses various aspects of setting up and maintaining a SLIP connection. ) 72.0 220.0 T
72 234 M -0.843018 0 32 (The primary audience is first time or novice users, as well as more experienced users who ) widthshow
(are not familiar with networking. The main focus will be on setting up and configuring a ) 72.0 248.0 T
(server to accept SLIP/PPP connections. This article grew out of my own work to set up ) 72.0 262.0 T
(SLIP, and then PPP, and then SLIP once again. It is my hope that noone has to go ) 72.0 276.0 T
(through what I did. I see a real need for a comprehensive document which discusses ) 72.0 290.0 T
(many aspects of SLIP setup, and since I have a little spare time, well...) 72.0 304.0 T
(As this is a first rough working copy, I expect that there are omissions, inconsistencies, ) 72.0 332.0 T
72 346 M -0.610138 0 32 (and perhaps even bugs (!), so PLEASE consult an expert if you have access to one. I am ) widthshow
(not an expert, although I have learned quite a lot by working with SLIP and PPP. If you ) 72.0 360.0 T
72 374 M -0.635178 0 32 (have corrections or additional comments you feel should be included in this guide, please ) widthshow
72 388 M -0.697433 0 32 (e-mail/fax me and we'll see what you have. My intention is to update and expand this doc-) widthshow
(ument in the future to include many popular platforms, thus serving as a reference for ) 72.0 402.0 T
(SLIP installation for non-guru type users. At this point I have written specifically for the ) 72.0 416.0 T
(NeXT computer and SLIP, but the principles should apply to other platforms/software ) 72.0 430.0 T
72 444 M -0.992828 0 32 (packages. I have purposely issued this document in PostScript form to keep some degree ) widthshow
72 458 M -0.444748 0 32 (of control over it - I like the idea of one updated and revised publicly available version bet-) widthshow
72 472 M -0.482819 0 32 (ter than ten copies varying in accuracy and availability. If you would like this document in ) widthshow
(an editable form, e-mail me and we'll discuss it.) 72.0 486.0 T
72 514 M -0.016296 0 32 (This document and its contents are based on a SLIP configuration for NeXT computers, ) widthshow
(using the popular public domain package TransSys Dialup-IP(tm) by Louis Mamakos ) 72.0 528.0 T
(<louie@TransSys.COM>. It may be applicable to other implimentations and other plat-) 72.0 542.0 T
72 556 M -0.474686 0 32 (forms, but don't count on it. No guarantee of this guides fitness for any application or use ) widthshow
(is implied or expresssed in any way, shape, or form. Use at your own risk. You are on ) 72.0 570.0 T
(your own.) 72.0 584.0 T
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(Table of Contents) 72.0 94.0 T
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(I. ) 97.92 108.0 T
(What is SLIP/PPP) 124.56 108.0 T
(II. ) 97.92 122.0 T
(What you need) 124.56 122.0 T
(III. ) 97.92 136.0 T
(Where to get it) 124.56 136.0 T
(IV. ) 97.92 150.0 T
(How to set it up) 124.56 150.0 T
(a) Software) 151.92 164.0 T
(b) Network) 151.92 178.0 T
(c) Modem) 151.92 192.0 T
(d) Advanced) 151.92 206.0 T
(e) Miscellaneous) 151.92 220.0 T
(V. ) 97.92 234.0 T
(Troubleshooting) 124.56 234.0 T
(VI. ) 97.92 248.0 T
(Future additions) 124.56 248.0 T
(VII. ) 97.92 262.0 T
(Other resources) 124.56 262.0 T
(VIII. ) 97.92 276.0 T
(Networking programs) 124.56 276.0 T
(IX. ) 97.92 290.0 T
(Acknowledgements) 124.56 290.0 T
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(I. WHAT IS SLIP/PPP) 72.0 346.0 T
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72 360 M -0.637619 0 32 (SLIP stands for Serial Line IP (Internet Protocol), and is a method of sending data normal-) widthshow
(ly traversing ethernet and broadband lines over serial (i.e. telephone) lines. In other ) 72.0 374.0 T
72 388 M -0.49118 0 32 (words, when your SLIP connection is established (see below), you are an interactive part ) widthshow
(of the Internet (or whichever net you have dialed into). SLIP has been described as a ) 72.0 402.0 T
72 416 M -0.326859 0 32 (hack, and while that may be true, it is supported by many vendors, and provides (at least ) widthshow
72 430 M -0.432022 0 32 (on the NeXT) performance and ease of use equalling or exceeding PPP. PPP stands for ) widthshow
72 444 M -0.720795 0 32 (Point to Point Protocol, and is a bit more complex. PPP supports multiple protocols, while ) widthshow
72 458 M -0.568802 0 32 (SLIP supports only IP. PPP includes many options which can enhance it's function, SLIP ) widthshow
72 472 M -0.253601 0 32 (may be regarded as `bare bones.' PPP is an approved standard (RFC-?) which was cre-) widthshow
72 486 M -0.785294 0 32 (ated to take the place of the `nonstandard' SLIP, considered an interim solution. Both can ) widthshow
72 500 M -0.208252 0 32 (be used in similar situations - either dedicated (leased) lines, or dialup lines. If you need ) widthshow
(more information on the evolution and comparison of SLIP and PPP vs. other technolo-) 72.0 514.0 T
(gies, I reccomend reading John Landwehr's paper "Transparent Remote Network Con-) 72.0 528.0 T
(nectivity: Internet Protocol Over Serial Lines." (see Other Resources) ) 72.0 542.0 T
(There are two versions of SLIP: SLIP and CSLIP. CSLIP is SLIP with Van Jacobson ) 72.0 556.0 T
72 570 M -0.570023 0 32 (header compression (according to Louis Mamakos this compression yields a reduction in ) widthshow
72 584 M -0.060837 0 32 (header data size from ca. 40 bytes to 3), giving added performance because of reduced ) widthshow
(data traversing the line. The added performance is most noticeable in interactive use.) 72.0 598.0 T
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(II. WHAT YOU NEED) 72.0 654.0 T
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72 668 M -0.59552 0 32 (Lets start with the obvious. You need minimum two computers, one of which must be cor-) widthshow
(rectly configured and connected to a functioning network, ideally an Internet site if you ) 72.0 682.0 T
(want to be on the Internet. ) 72.0 696.0 T
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72 108 M -0.481445 0 32 (You will also need two modems. Not just any modems - high speed modems. According ) widthshow
72 122 M -0.252686 0 32 (to the popular definition of `high speed,' this implies 9600 baud or greater. If you want to ) widthshow
72 136 M -0.244247 0 32 (do more than a simple telnet or rlogin or ftp you want a fast modem. My definition of fast ) widthshow
(starts at 14.4 baud. The faster things go, the more you can do, and the quicker things ) 72.0 150.0 T
(happen. Before you start dreaming of NFS and similar things, stop, and be thankful for ) 72.0 164.0 T
72 178 M -0.327576 0 32 (good old telnet, rlogin, and ftp. Along with the two modems and computers you will need ) widthshow
(appropriate cables and serial ports. On the NeXT this means you have to have a NeXT ) 72.0 192.0 T
(specific serial cable (no Macintosh cables!), one that supports hardware flow controll. If ) 72.0 206.0 T
(you (still) have a 030 board you cannot use flow controll, nor can you use a 040 cable. ) 72.0 220.0 T
72 234 M -0.618378 0 32 (You can stll try the configuration and see if things work anyway. SUN's have been known ) widthshow
72 248 M -0.609619 0 32 (to have problems with their serial ports, unfortunately I don't know which SUN models nor ) widthshow
(the nature of the problem(s). (Maybe in the next revision). My modem is a ZyXEL, and ) 72.0 262.0 T
72 276 M -0.812836 0 32 (the servers modem is a Hayes, therefore the configurations listed will apply to these make ) widthshow
72 290 M -0.012787 0 32 (and model modems. If your modem is different, refer to your reference guide (you have ) widthshow
(a manual, right...?) to enter the equivalent commands.) 72.0 304.0 T
(Thirdly, you need some kind soul, philanthropical university, or commercial service pro-) 72.0 332.0 T
72 346 M -0.064041 0 32 (vider to allow you to dial in, and to assign your machine it's very own IP number and ma-) widthshow
(chine name. Without these two things you won't get too far...) 72.0 360.0 T
72 388 M -0.267044 0 32 (Lastly, you need software to configure and controll the SLIP interface at both ends of the ) widthshow
72 402 M -0.770218 0 32 (connection. My configuration uses Louis Mamakos' public domain package: TransSys Di-) widthshow
(alup-IP, version 19920904A.) 72.0 416.0 T
(Although this package is running at both ends, in theory it should work with other SLIP ) 72.0 430.0 T
(programs as well. Personally I haven't tested it. ) 72.0 444.0 T
72 472 M -0.230042 0 32 (I'm assuming you have a NeXT. If you have a Macintosh or PC, you'll need to get appro-) widthshow
72 486 M -0.59552 0 32 (priate SLIP/PPP software from an archive, a friend, or a commercial supplier. If you have ) widthshow
72 500 M -0.672546 0 32 (a SUN you'll need to get a life (just kidding :-). If you have a DEC you're out of luck... (just ) widthshow
(kidding again). HP includes SLIP in their software distributions.) 72.0 514.0 T
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(III. WHERE TO GET IT) 72.0 570.0 T
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72 584 M -0.323242 0 32 (Publicly available (PD) software for SLIP and PPP are available at a variety of places (ar-) widthshow
72 598 M -0.48201 0 32 (chives) for different hardware/OS combinations. Please consult the list under "Other Net-) widthshow
(working Programs" for a starting point as to where you can obtain a SLIP or PPP ) 72.0 612.0 T
72 626 M -0.474472 0 32 (implimentation for your machine. Commercial programs are also available, and have the ) widthshow
(added advantage of support. Sometimes this far outweighs the price. Consider it if you ) 72.0 640.0 T
(are dependant upon a reliable and trouble free SLIP/PPP connection. ) 72.0 654.0 T
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(IV. HOW TO SET IT UP) 72.0 80.0 T
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(There are many steps needed in setting up SLIP, and I will try to break things down as ) 72.0 108.0 T
(simply as possible. ) 72.0 122.0 T
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(Software) 72.0 150.0 T
4 FF
72 164 M -0.343353 0 32 (The first thing to do is to install the software, which thanks to Mr. Mamakos is childsplay. ) widthshow
72 178 M -0.925125 0 32 (Click twice on the SLIP_920904-A.tar file. WorkspaceManager will automagically bring up ) widthshow
(an Inspector panel. Click on Unarchive (Return) on the Inspector panel. If you have in-) 72.0 192.0 T
72 206 M -0.540909 0 32 (stalled Opener.app or have specified a different default App for files with *.tar extensions, ) widthshow
(you will have to follow that application's normal untarring routine. If you prefer to use a ) 72.0 220.0 T
(terminal, give the following command (what you type is in ) 72.0 234.0 T
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(bold) 378.78 234.0 T
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(): ) 404.112 234.0 T
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(tar -xvf SLIP_920904-A.tar) 129.6 262.0 T
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72 290 M -0.638443 0 32 (When you look in the folder again you will have an Installer package (SLIP_920904.pkg). ) widthshow
(Before you do anything more, you need to check to see that you are logged in as root 261 ) 72.0 304.0 T
(the SLIP package cannot properly be installed otherwise. Log in as root, and click two ) 72.0 318.0 T
(times on the Installer package. (you can also su to root and start Installer.app from the ) 72.0 332.0 T
72 346 M -0.807541 0 32 (command line if you want). The Installer panel should come up 261 click "Install" and accept ) widthshow
72 360 M -0.110626 0 32 (the default path as O.K. (/usr/dialupip). Installation is quick and painless. When installa-) widthshow
72 374 M -0.506439 0 32 (tion is finished, quit Installer.app, logout of the root account, login as yourself, and double ) widthshow
(click on /usr/dialupip/Documentation.bshlf. Click on List Titles, and double click on Man-) 72.0 388.0 T
72 402 M -0.791458 0 32 (ual.wn. Read it. Read it once more. (Note to users who aren't installing on NeXTs - Louis ) widthshow
72 416 M -0.476303 0 32 (Mamakos TransSys Dialup-IP for the NeXT is a wonderful package, and should be down-) widthshow
72 430 M -0.76651 0 32 (loaded and checked out by all SLIP/PPP users just for the documentation. Better yet, find ) widthshow
72 444 M -0.657227 0 32 (a friend with a NeXT and read it there. Mr. Mamakos' documentation is excellent, and the ) widthshow
72 458 M -0.493362 0 32 (dist includes man files in standard man troff format for most of the files in the package, as ) widthshow
(well as extensive installation instructions. Recommended reading!)) 72.0 472.0 T
72 500 M -0.252899 0 32 (If you have installed the TransSys Dialup-IP package previously, there is no danger in in-) widthshow
72 514 M -0.048676 0 32 (stalling it again - none of your configuration files will be overwritten. If you are unsure of ) widthshow
(your first installation, might as well do it once more, just to be 100% sure everything is ) 72.0 528.0 T
(there.) 72.0 542.0 T
72 570 M -0.758881 0 32 (If you are not installing on a NeXT, you will need to download the SLIP/PPP software from ) widthshow
(a ftp archive site or get it from a friend. Uncompress/unarchive it as neccessary, and in-) 72.0 584.0 T
72 598 M -0.429016 0 32 (stall it in the proper location (I assume that other distributions include at least a README ) widthshow
72 612 M -0.248627 0 32 (file with installation instructions) on your machine. Normally this will be the machine con-) widthshow
72 626 M -0.013443 0 32 (nected to the Internet and with a modem properly attached - i.e. the server. PPP allows ) widthshow
72 640 M -0.348892 0 32 (the software to be installed on machines which are not physically connected to a modem/) widthshow
72 654 M -0.444031 0 32 (modem pool by routing the incoming call over the net to the server with the PPP software ) widthshow
((this is called tunneling). I am not aware if this is possible with SLIP.) 72.0 668.0 T
(Great, now all the software for SLIP is in place. Please note that for the changes made ) 72.0 696.0 T
(during configuration, you will need root access. If you don't have root access you ) 72.0 710.0 T
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(shouldn't be doing this.) 72.0 80.0 T
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(a) Software Configuration) 72.0 108.0 T
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([I'll assume that your software is properly configured on the client side...]) 72.0 122.0 T
72 136 M -0.578171 0 32 (For the server, there are fewer files which need to be edited (I'm assuming that the server ) widthshow
5 (Helvetica-Oblique) 12 1 mymakefontmetric
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(will not) 72.0 150.0 T
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( be doing dial out). Please bear in mind that the files mentioned are parts of the ) 108.672 150.0 T
72 164 M -0.581573 0 32 (TransSys Dialup-IP package, although the same information has to be configured for any ) widthshow
(SLIP implementation.) 72.0 178.0 T
(First (as root), edit ) 72.0 206.0 T
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(/usr/dialupip/config/config.slip) 172.692 206.0 T
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(. You need to edit the following lines:) 329.424 206.0 T
(SLIP0LOCAL={your (i.e. the servers) slip interface IP address here}) 72.0 234.0 T
(SLIP0REMOTE={the clients (i.e. who shall be calling in) slip interface IP address here}) 72.0 248.0 T
(SLIP0NETMASK=255.255.255.0 {shouldn't need to be changed}) 72.0 262.0 T
(SLIP0CONFIG={SLIP if you are using the PD package without header compression, ) 72.0 276.0 T
(CSLIP if you have purchased a license to header compression}) 72.0 290.0 T
72 304 M -0.420883 0 32 (SLIP0DEFAULT=NO {I assume you ) widthshow
5 FF
264.728424 304 M -0.420883 0 32 (do not) widthshow
3 FF
297.667542 304 M -0.420883 0 32 ( want default traffic going out over the servers ) widthshow
(serial port... For a ) 72.0 318.0 T
5 FF
(client) 172.704 318.0 T
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( not on any local network, this should be set to YES}) 200.712 318.0 T
72 346 M -0.804794 0 32 (The file includes rather clear instructions as to what each of the parameters mean, in case ) widthshow
(the above is unclear or doesn't suit your installation. It should work for most.) 72.0 360.0 T
72 388 M -0.726044 0 32 (Repeat the above information as neccessary, substituting the '0' in SLIP0 for the interface ) widthshow
(number. The SLIP package is setup for two SLIP ports, if you want more (up to 10 al-) 72.0 402.0 T
(lowed), you need to replace the existing ) 72.0 416.0 T
5 FF
(cslip_reloc) 286.776 416.0 T
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( kernal driver with ) 343.452 416.0 T
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(cslip_reloc10) 440.808 416.0 T
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( (re-) 510.828 416.0 T
72 430 M -0.236053 0 32 (name ) widthshow
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105.111938 430 M -0.236053 0 32 (cslip_reloc) widthshow
3 FF
161.787933 430 M -0.236053 0 32 ( to ) widthshow
5 FF
177.995819 430 M -0.236053 0 32 (cslip_reloc.orig) widthshow
3 FF
258.01181 430 M -0.236053 0 32 ( and link/copy ) widthshow
5 FF
334.007629 430 M -0.236053 0 32 (cslip_reloc10) widthshow
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404.027618 430 M -0.236053 0 32 ( to ) widthshow
5 FF
420.235504 430 M -0.236053 0 32 (cslip_reloc) widthshow
3 FF
476.911499 430 M -0.236053 0 32 (). On other ) widthshow
(installations using other software packages, please consult your documentation to see ) 72.0 444.0 T
72 458 M -0.473251 0 32 (how many SLIP ports are supported, and how they should be configured. For special set ) widthshow
72 472 M -0.199646 0 32 (ups involving dynamically assigned IP addresses at login time, see Advanced Configura-) widthshow
(tion. (Have you installed SLIP/PPP on a SUN? DEC? HP? Write me!)) 72.0 486.0 T
(An example follows:) 72.0 514.0 T
(Client (home) machine has IP number 127.42.100.3 for interface slip0) 72.0 542.0 T
(Server machine has IP number 127.42.100.1 for interface slip0) 72.0 556.0 T
(The servers /usr/dialupip/config/config.slip should have the following lines (among oth-) 72.0 570.0 T
(ers):) 72.0 584.0 T
(SLIP0LOCAL=127.42.100.1) 72.0 612.0 T
(SLIP0REMOTE=127.42.100.3) 72.0 626.0 T
(The client should look the opposite (i.e. LOCAL refers to the ) 72.0 654.0 T
5 FF
(local) 393.492 654.0 T
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( machine - home ma-) 418.164 654.0 T
(chine in client case, server in server case)) 72.0 668.0 T
(Next, make sure that ) 72.0 696.0 T
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(/usr/dialupip/config/diald.conf) 186.048 696.0 T
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( exists. I deleted it thinking it wasn't ) 340.788 696.0 T
72 710 M -0.694122 0 32 (needed since the server wouldn't be doing dial out. I was wrong. All the lines can be com-) widthshow
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(mented out, but the tcldial daemon has to find it or SLIP won't start up properly.) 72.0 80.0 T
72 108 M -1.050552 0 32 (Make a copy of ) widthshow
4 (Helvetica-Oblique) 12 1 mymakefontmetric
4 FF
152.505768 108 M -1.050552 0 32 (/usr/dialupip/bin/dudisc) widthshow
3 FF
274.557739 108 M -1.050552 0 32 (, and name it ) widthshow
4 FF
343.063507 108 M -1.050552 0 32 (/usr/dialupip/bin/dudisc_slip0) widthshow
3 FF
496.459473 108 M -1.050552 0 32 ( (i.e. the ) widthshow
(same as the interface name, slip0 for the first SLIP interface, slip1 for the second, etc). ) 72.0 122.0 T
(Use chmod to make it SUID.) 72.0 136.0 T
72 164 M -0.914841 0 32 (Use nu or UserManager to create a new user account. The name is unimportant, the login ) widthshow
(shell should be set to /usr/dialupip/bin/dudisc_slip0 (or the appropriate SLIP interface if ) 72.0 178.0 T
(you have several). When the client SLIP program makes a connection, it will log in with ) 72.0 192.0 T
72 206 M -0.170792 0 32 (this name, dudisc_slip0 will be executed and will establish the SLIP connection between ) widthshow
(machines, transparently sending packets between the two. Include a .hushlogin file to ) 72.0 220.0 T
(avoid stray data getting mixed up in the connection.) 72.0 234.0 T
72 262 M -0.222046 0 32 (Ensure that /usr/dialupip/config/keyfile exists. This should be either a link to or a copy of ) widthshow
72 276 M -0.594757 0 32 (either keyfile.slip (for standard PD SLIP) or keyfile.demo (for demo of CSLIP). It must ) widthshow
4 FF
520.578552 276 M -0.594757 0 32 (not) widthshow
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537.258545 276 M -0.594757 0 32 ( ) widthshow
72 290 M -0.160049 0 32 (be touched or modified in any way shape or form, otherwise SLIP will not function at all. ) widthshow
((This is specific to the TranSys package).) 72.0 304.0 T
5 (Helvetica-Bold) 12 1 mymakefontmetric
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(b) Network Configuration - Server) 72.0 360.0 T
3 FF
([Again, it is assumed that the client is properly set up]) 72.0 374.0 T
72 388 M -0.321609 0 32 (Here there are several points which are important to remember. First, the SLIP-server is ) widthshow
72 402 M -0.405914 0 32 (acting as a gateway. A gateway is a machine (device?) that has more than one interface ) widthshow
72 416 M -0.59201 0 32 (configured, and is used to transfer network trafic from one interface (network) to another. ) widthshow
72 430 M -0.563309 0 32 (Therefor it has to know about the interfaces available, and it has to know how to send traf-) widthshow
(ic (packets) from one location to another. It does this with help of routing tables main-) 72.0 444.0 T
(tained in a database. On the NeXT this is in NetInfo, optionally in (). So, if you want ) 72.0 458.0 T
(Internet access, your server had better already be properly connected to the Internet at ) 72.0 472.0 T
(some point (I hope that this is obvious). ) 72.0 486.0 T
72 514 M -0.13353 0 32 (Each interface must be assigned it's own IP address, and may also be assigned it's own ) widthshow
(domain if desired. Normally the SLIP interface is assigned a separate subnet. Next, ) 72.0 528.0 T
(check the existing routing tables on the machine with netstat and ifconfig. If the configu-) 72.0 542.0 T
72 556 M -0.49118 0 32 (ration files are correct, and the machine has been rebooted (or optionally the scripts start-) widthshow
72 570 M -0.828003 0 32 (ed by hand) there should be appropriate address entries added by the configuraton script, ) widthshow
(routing traffic frrom one interface to the other. You should see clearly that the gateway ) 72.0 584.0 T
72 598 M -0.814407 0 32 (for packets destined for client machines (client SLIP addresses, or an entire subnet) is the ) widthshow
(SLIP IP address of the server, and that there exist routes to and from other machines, ) 72.0 612.0 T
(gateways, etc on the ethernet (en0) interface. (see Troubleshooting for en example of ) 72.0 626.0 T
(how it should look). ) 72.0 640.0 T
72 668 M -0.407333 0 32 (If, after rebooting, none of the entries show up, check your /etc/rc.local file to see that the ) widthshow
(needed lines are present to start SLIP, that the line refers to files that exist (i.e. /usr/dia-) 72.0 682.0 T
(lupip/config/rc.slip), and that the syntax is correct (best to copy it out of the TransSys in-) 72.0 696.0 T
(stallation manual). Try starting it by hand as root with /bin/sh. If netstat still doesn't see ) 72.0 710.0 T
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(SlipServer v.0.80, 10.10.93) 229.196 45.333 T
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72 80 M -0.751343 0 32 (the addresses check your () file in (). You can also try modifying the routing tables directly ) widthshow
((this assumes that the SLIP interface ) 72.0 94.0 T
4 (Helvetica-Oblique) 12 1 mymakefontmetric
4 FF
(is) 271.428 94.0 T
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( present, but not the proper routing information) ) 280.092 94.0 T
72 108 M -0.367783 0 32 (with route (see the man page) by adding the appropriate entries for the SLIP interface. If ) widthshow
(this works, there is most likely an error in the startup or configuration scripts - check for ) 72.0 122.0 T
(misspellings or other subtile problems!) 72.0 136.0 T
72 164 M -0.205765 0 32 (As the server is already on the Net, your current /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/hostconfig files ) widthshow
72 178 M -0.096008 0 32 (should not need modification. NeXT's have a graphical hierarchical network information ) widthshow
72 192 M -0.326294 0 32 (database known as NetInfo, so on a NeXT the /etc/hosts file doesn't require change. On ) widthshow
72 206 M -0.393433 0 32 (the other hand, it's handy to have the information duplicated in /etc/hosts, and won't inter-) widthshow
72 220 M -0.483536 0 32 (fere with anything as long as NetInfo is running. For other types of machines all I can sug-) widthshow
(gest (at the moment) is to read the documentation for adding network hosts.) 72.0 234.0 T
(Lastly, /etc/ttys needs to be modified to allow dialing in, and to start the login process ) 72.0 262.0 T
(when a connection is established. The tty which is used for the serial port dial-in on a ) 72.0 276.0 T
72 290 M -0.444031 0 32 (NeXT is ttyd[ab] without hardware flow control, and ttydf[ab] with. Use the ttydf[ab] (hard-) widthshow
(ware flow control) entry if at all possible. The line in /etc/ttys which looks like this:) 72.0 304.0 T
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(ttydfb) 72.0 332.0 T
("/usr/etc/getty D9600") 115.2 332.0 T
(unknown off) 311.76 332.0 T
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(should be changed to this:) 72.0 360.0 T
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(ttydfb) 72.0 388.0 T
("/usr/etc/getty D38400") 115.2 388.0 T
(vt100 on) 311.76 388.0 T
3 FF
72 416 M -0.637619 0 32 (This instructs init to start getty with the D38400 speed entry (double check /etc/gettys that ) widthshow
(the appropriate speed entry exists) as a vt100 terminal type when the modem answers, ) 72.0 430.0 T
(and get the login name and start login. The above entry is for hardware flow control on ) 72.0 444.0 T
72 458 M -0.176743 0 32 (serial port b, for port a change the last letter of ttydfb to an `a', for a 030 board or a cable ) widthshow
(not supporting hardware flow control, remove the `f' in ttydfb. ) 72.0 472.0 T
72 500 M -0.425552 0 32 (Other machines have other naming schemes for terminal devices, check the manual and ) widthshow
(enable the proper serial port at the proper speed.) 72.0 514.0 T
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(SUMMARY) 72.0 542.0 T
3 FF
(In essence, setting up a machine (either server or client) entails largely the same ) 97.92 556.0 T
(steps needed to enable any client or server as a network host. IP numbers must be as-) 72.0 570.0 T
72 584 M -0.324921 0 32 (signed, machine names, domain names, and the appropriate files relating to the network ) widthshow
72 598 M -0.53688 0 32 (tools in use at the installation - be it DNS, NIS, or NetInfo - must be modified accordingly. ) widthshow
72 612 M -0.733887 0 32 (In addition, software directly affecting the SLIP interface (as most machines come without ) widthshow
(a configured SLIP interface) must be configured to create and maintain the neccessary ) 72.0 626.0 T
(interface(s), as well as proper configuration of one or more modems.) 72.0 640.0 T
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(c) Modem Configuration) 72.0 668.0 T
3 FF
(Modem configuration can be tricky business - "Hayes compatible" means less and less ) 72.0 696.0 T
(each day :-() 72.0 710.0 T
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(Some things you need to configure the modem for:) 72.0 80.0 T
(8 bits, no parity) 97.92 94.0 T
(RTS (hardware) flow controll, if your server supprts it. Remember to reference the ) 97.92 108.0 T
(proper device file) 97.92 122.0 T
(in /dev to use the hardware flow control! (i.e. /dev/cufa for serial port a instead of ) 97.92 136.0 T
(/dev/cua, etc)) 97.92 150.0 T
(Follow DTR) 97.92 164.0 T
(Generally speaking, you want the modem to pass the data as quickly as possible with a ) 72.0 178.0 T
72 192 M -0.324829 0 32 (minimum of modification - no xon/xoff, no error control, no retraining, etc, because the IP ) widthshow
72 206 M -0.247803 0 32 (protocol takes care of all this anyway. Since there are so many different modems on the ) widthshow
(market, I refer the reader to the modems manual for the actual setup string. If you en-) 72.0 220.0 T
72 234 M -0.041031 0 32 (counter difficulties with the modems (quite probable, I'm afraid), check and doublecheck ) widthshow
(the connection and setup strings. Try using tip or kermit to make a connection. Check ) 72.0 248.0 T
72 262 M -0.732864 0 32 (that /etc/gettytab includes an entry for the proper speed you have configured the modems ) widthshow
(for, and that /etc/ttys refers to the proper device, program and terminal speed. Please ) 72.0 276.0 T
72 290 M -0.01503 0 32 (please please ) widthshow
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149.345917 290 M -0.01503 0 32 (do not) widthshow
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182.690872 290 M -0.01503 0 32 ( enable root login on any device that allows remote calling, you are ) widthshow
(merely inviting trouble. ) 72.0 304.0 T
72 332 M -0.366364 0 32 (Here is a list of configurable modem setup options for a ZyXEL 1496E, as included in the ) widthshow
(TransSys package:) 72.0 346.0 T
(# configure modem with proper parameters ) 99.36 360.0 T
(# S2=128 - turn off escape into command mode) 99.36 374.0 T
(# &K4) 99.36 388.0 T
(- V.42/V.42bis or MNP4/MNP5) 132.048 388.0 T
(# &N0) 99.36 402.0 T
(- auto-negotiate highest possible link rate) 132.708 402.0 T
(# M0) 99.36 416.0 T
(- speaker off) 126.036 416.0 T
(# M1) 99.36 430.0 T
(- speaker on until connect) 126.036 430.0 T
(# V1) 99.36 444.0 T
(- verbose responses) 124.044 444.0 T
(# Q0) 99.36 458.0 T
(- display responses) 125.376 458.0 T
(# X5) 99.36 472.0 T
(# &C1) 99.36 486.0 T
(- CD tracks carrier presence) 132.708 486.0 T
(# &D3) 99.36 500.0 T
(- hang up and reset to profile 0 when DTR dropped) 132.708 500.0 T
(# &H3) 99.36 514.0 T
(- hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control) 132.708 514.0 T
(# &J0) 99.36 528.0 T
(- single phone line RJ11 jack) 130.044 528.0 T
(# &L0) 99.36 542.0 T
(- normal phone line (not leased)) 130.716 542.0 T
(# &M0) 99.36 556.0 T
(- async mode) 134.04 556.0 T
(# &R1) 99.36 570.0 T
(- ignore RTS, assume always on) 132.708 570.0 T
(# &S0) 99.36 584.0 T
(- DSR override, assume always on) 132.048 584.0 T
(# N1) 99.36 598.0 T
(- ring volume) 124.704 598.0 T
(# *Q0) 99.36 612.0 T
(- no response to poor signal quality) 130.044 612.0 T
(So a sample configuration string might look like this: ) 72.0 640.0 T
(AT S2=128 &K4 &N0 M1 V1 Q0 X5 &C1 &D3 &H3 &J0 &L0 &M0 &R1 &S0 N1 *Q0) 72.0 654.0 T
( ) 72.0 682.0 T
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(SlipServer v.0.80, 10.10.93) 229.196 45.333 T
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(d) Advanced Configuration) 72.0 80.0 T
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(Dynamic IP address allocation) 97.92 94.0 T
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(Dynamically assigning IP addresses is usual at larger installations such as universities ) 72.0 108.0 T
(and commercial service providers, as the SLIP service is open to many users who may ) 72.0 122.0 T
72 136 M -0.726044 0 32 (share a server machine or port on a terminal server. As I haven't done this, I have no idea ) widthshow
72 150 M -0.091324 0 32 (how to set it up. All I can say is "see the manual." If anyone has info on this, I would ap-) widthshow
(preciate hearing from you.) 72.0 164.0 T
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(e) Miscellaneous Configuration) 72.0 206.0 T
4 FF
(Mail) 97.92 220.0 T
5 FF
(For mail to function properly the sendmail.cf file ) 72.0 234.0 T
4 FF
(may) 326.76 234.0 T
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( need to be modified, on the client ) 349.428 234.0 T
(end of things. On the server, as long as the client is registered in the network database ) 72.0 248.0 T
72 262 M -0.596039 0 32 (as a valid client everything should work. I'm no mail guru - find one if you need help. One ) widthshow
(problem that can occur is that some mail will bounce, as the SLIP connection isn't up all ) 72.0 276.0 T
72 290 M -0.679367 0 32 (the time. Mail tries to deliver mail and finds that the destination is down because the SLIP ) widthshow
72 304 M -0.638138 0 32 (link is down/inactive. Most mail programs try for three days before giving up, and the mail ) widthshow
72 318 M -0.805496 0 32 (admin can configure the frequency that mail delivery is attempted. An alternative is to use ) widthshow
72 332 M -0.429474 0 32 (a POP mail client to fetch mail from the mail server. NuPOP on the PC is a relatively con-) widthshow
72 346 M -0.914841 0 32 (venient and stable program to handle mail stored on a remote server. There are also POP ) widthshow
72 360 M -0.781876 0 32 (implementations for other platforms (Eudora(?) for the Mac, plus POP programs for NeXT ) widthshow
72 374 M -0.087357 0 32 (and SUN). If the connection is often up, or used over a leased line, mail should function ) widthshow
(as expected for any client on the network.) 72.0 388.0 T
( ) 72.0 402.0 T
4 FF
(News) 97.92 416.0 T
5 FF
72 430 M -0.346054 0 32 (For clients to be able to read Usenet News, they need to be included in the news servers ) widthshow
72 444 M -0.70874 0 32 (news_clients file. Setup should be just the same for "normal" network clients. It is usually ) widthshow
(much faster for clients to simply use telnet or rlogin to a server and run rn/tin/trn/gnus in ) 72.0 458.0 T
(a terminal window instead of setting up a newsfeed to the SLIP client. Windows based ) 72.0 472.0 T
((i.e. NewsGrazer, I forgot the name of the X windows news reader) newsreaders work, ) 72.0 486.0 T
72 500 M -0.397919 0 32 (but on a slow (9600) link it can take a long time compared to a terminal based approach. ) widthshow
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(V. TROUBLESHOOTING) 72.0 556.0 T
5 FF
(Follows is a list of common problems, their symptoms, and probable causes and solu-) 72.0 570.0 T
(tions.) 72.0 584.0 T
4 FF
(SLIP device not installed) 72.0 612.0 T
5 FF
97.919998 626 M -0.679672 0 32 (Upon booting, you should see boot messages indicating installation and initialization ) widthshow
(of the SLIP interface. If you don't, check /etc/rc.local (or appropriate addition to /etc/rc.-) 72.0 640.0 T
(boot or /etc/rc) for the invocation of the rc.slip script which installs the SLIP interface at ) 72.0 654.0 T
72 668 M -0.819809 0 32 (boot time. One easy way to check if the SLIP interface is installed and enabled is to check ) widthshow
(the current configured interfaces with netstat, i.e.:) 72.0 682.0 T
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(SlipServer v.0.80, 10.10.93) 229.196 45.333 T
(10) 515.0 755.333 T
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(myhost% ) 72.0 94.0 T
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(netstat -i) 129.6 94.0 T
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(Name) 72.0 108.0 T
(Mtu) 117.0 108.0 T
(Network) 153.0 108.0 T
(Address) 234.0 108.0 T
(Ipkts) 306.0 108.0 T
(Ierrs) 351.0 108.0 T
(Opkts) 396.0 108.0 T
(Oerrs) 450.0 108.0 T
(Coll) 504.0 108.0 T
(en0) 72.0 122.0 T
(1500) 117.0 122.0 T
(next-defaul) 153.0 122.0 T
(slp-gw) 234.0 122.0 T
(37) 306.0 122.0 T
(0) 351.0 122.0 T
(37) 396.0 122.0 T
(0) 450.0 122.0 T
(0) 504.0 122.0 T
(lo0) 72.0 136.0 T
(1536) 117.0 136.0 T
(loopback) 153.0 136.0 T
(localhost) 234.0 136.0 T
(7155) 306.0 136.0 T
(0) 351.0 136.0 T
(7155) 396.0 136.0 T
(0) 450.0 136.0 T
(0) 504.0 136.0 T
(slip0) 72.0 150.0 T
(1006) 117.0 150.0 T
(127.42.100) 153.0 150.0 T
(127.42.100) 234.0 150.0 T
(24176) 306.0 150.0 T
(153) 351.0 150.0 T
(23831) 396.0 150.0 T
(0) 450.0 150.0 T
(0) 504.0 150.0 T
(slip1) 72.0 164.0 T
(1006) 117.0 164.0 T
(none) 153.0 164.0 T
(none) 234.0 164.0 T
(0) 306.0 164.0 T
(0) 351.0 164.0 T
(0) 396.0 164.0 T
(0) 450.0 164.0 T
(0) 504.0 164.0 T
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(none) 153.0 178.0 T
(none) 234.0 178.0 T
(37) 306.0 178.0 T
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(37) 396.0 178.0 T
(0) 450.0 178.0 T
(0) 504.0 178.0 T
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(ifconfig slip0) 129.6 248.0 T
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(slip0: flags=11<UP,POINTOPOINT>) 72.0 262.0 T
( inet 127.42.100.1 --> 127.42.100.3 netmask ffffff00 ) 72.0 276.0 T
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(Routing tables not installed/correct) 72.0 304.0 T
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97.919998 318 M -0.986771 0 32 (Is the proper/appropriate routing information in the routing tables? Again, use netstat ) widthshow
(to confirm that the SLIP interface is active and is routed properly: ) 72.0 332.0 T
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(myhost% ) 72.0 360.0 T
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(netstat -r) 129.6 360.0 T
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(Routing tables) 72.0 374.0 T
72 388 M -0.960098 0 32 (Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface) widthshow
(localhost localhost UH 3 1323 lo0) 72.0 402.0 T
(127.42.100.1 localhost UH 0 0 lo0) 72.0 416.0 T
(127.42.100.3 127.42.100.1 UG 0 23871 slip0) 72.0 430.0 T
(+ all of the usual ethernet (interface en0) entries...) 72.0 444.0 T
(myhost% ) 72.0 472.0 T
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(netstat -rn) 129.6 472.0 T
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(Routing tables) 72.0 486.0 T
72 500 M -0.960098 0 32 (Destination Gateway Flags Refs Use Interface) widthshow
(127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 3 1323 lo0) 72.0 514.0 T
(127.42.100.3 127.0.0.1 UH 0 0 lo0) 72.0 528.0 T
(default 127.42.100.1 UG 0 23856 slip0) 72.0 542.0 T
(+ all of the usual ethernet (interface en0) entries...) 72.0 556.0 T
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72 584 M -0.198792 0 32 (If you don't have entries for a SLIP interface, check your configuration files - for the Tran-) widthshow
(Sys package this means /usr/dialupip/config/rc.slip, config.slip and /etc/rc.local. Watch ) 72.0 598.0 T
(the console at boottime, you should see the rc.local script being executed, which starts ) 72.0 612.0 T
(the rc.slip script going. It echoes each interface configured and invokes ifconfig, route, ) 72.0 626.0 T
(and duioctl to configure the interface according to the configuration information in con-) 72.0 640.0 T
72 654 M -0.015427 0 32 (fig.slip. If you have accidentaly configured identical addresses for local and remote (not ) widthshow
(hard to do :-), it will ) 72.0 668.0 T
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(remove) 176.7 668.0 T
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( the routing information for that interface.) 216.708 668.0 T
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(SlipServer v.0.80, 10.10.93) 229.196 45.333 T
(11) 515.0 755.333 T
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(Modem setup wrong) 72.0 80.0 T
4 (Helvetica) 12 1 mymakefontmetric
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97.919998 94 M -0.854416 0 32 (The modem should answer on the first ring, and establish a connection at the highest ) widthshow
72 108 M -0.68161 0 32 (supported speed without fallback, error correction, etc. If you are having troubles with the ) widthshow
72 122 M -0.198029 0 32 (modem after it answers, check by logging in as a regular user (i.e. don't use SLIP autodi-) widthshow
72 136 M -0.199341 0 32 (aling, but dial in from another machine and attempt to log in). If you get garbage instead ) widthshow
72 150 M -0.258957 0 32 (of a login string, it could be a speed problem. Ensure on both ends that the modems are ) widthshow
(set up identically for speed, parity, etc. If you don't get any prompt, or if the modem ) 72.0 164.0 T
72 178 M -0.075043 0 32 (doesn't answer despite setting the auto answer bit, check your cables. Can you use the ) widthshow
(modem to dial out? Try exchanging with other cables that you know work.) 72.0 192.0 T
5 (Helvetica-Bold) 12 1 mymakefontmetric
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(VI. FUTURE ADDITIONS) 72.0 248.0 T
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(Other (vendor specific) server configurations (SUN, Hewlett Packard, etc).) 72.0 276.0 T
(Cisco configuration for SLIP and PPP.) 72.0 290.0 T
(Removal of the sarcasic comments relative to non-NeXT platforms.) 72.0 304.0 T
(Editing to improve readability and language useage.) 72.0 318.0 T
5 FF
(VII. OTHER RESOURCES) 72.0 374.0 T
4 FF
(Usenet News: comp.dcom.modems) 72.0 402.0 T
(Usenet News: comp.protocol.ppp) 72.0 416.0 T
(Usenet News: comp.sys.next.sysadmin/hardware/programmer) 72.0 430.0 T
(Landwehr, J. (1992). ) 72.0 458.0 T
3 FF
(Transparent Remote Network Connectivity: Internet Protocol Over ) 185.388 458.0 T
(Serial Lines) 72.0 472.0 T
4 FF
(.) 134.688 472.0 T
(Available via anon ftp to: ftp.acns.nwu.edu) 72.0 486.0 T
(Rempe, Glenn D. (1993). ) 72.0 500.0 T
3 FF
(Connecting to the Internet) 209.388 500.0 T
4 FF
(.) 347.472 500.0 T
(Available via:) 72.0 514.0 T
(RFCs) 72.0 542.0 T
(Available via anon ftp to: nic.ddn.mil) 72.0 556.0 T
(Available via electronic mailing service: service@nic.ddn.mil ) 72.0 570.0 T
5 FF
(VIII. NETWORKING PROGRAMS) 72.0 612.0 T
4 FF
(KA9Q ) 72.0 640.0 T
( ) 177.84 640.0 T
((MS-DOS)) 189.0 640.0 T
(anon ftp: ucsd.edu) 342.0 640.0 T
(Merit PPP collection ) 72.0 654.0 T
((PPP for various platforms)) 189.0 654.0 T
(anon ftp: merit.edu) 342.0 654.0 T
(Morning Star PPP) 72.0 668.0 T
((PPP for various platforms)) 189.0 668.0 T
(e-mail: marketing@morningstar.com) 342.0 668.0 T
(Ohio PPP collection) 72.0 682.0 T
((PPP for various platforms)) 189.0 682.0 T
(anon ftp: archive.cis.ohio-state.edu) 342.0 682.0 T
(Marble Teleconnect) 72.0 696.0 T
((SLIP for NeXT)) 189.0 696.0 T
(?) 342.0 696.0 T
(TransSys Dialup-IP) 72.0 710.0 T
((SLIP/CSLIP for NeXT)) 189.0 710.0 T
(anon ftp: sonata.cc.purdue.edu) 342.0 710.0 T
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(1993 Thor Legvold) 275.808 754.667 T
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0 360 27 27 522 751.5 AF
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72 36 468 10 NF
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(SlipServer v.0.80, 10.10.93) 229.196 45.333 T
(12) 515.0 755.333 T
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(IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS) 72.0 94.0 T
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72 108 M -0.280029 0 32 (Thanks to the following for providing invaluable help in the form of private e-mail, Usenet ) widthshow
(News, FAQ files, and various articles and papers (see the Other Resources section):) 72.0 122.0 T
(Kjell Rune Abbedissen) 72.0 150.0 T
(<abbedissen@edb.uib.no>) 234.0 150.0 T
(Pierce Cantrell ) 72.0 164.0 T
(<pierce@cantrell.tamu.edu>) 234.0 164.0 T
(Karl Denninger) 72.0 178.0 T
(<karl@ddsw1.mcs.com>) 234.0 178.0 T
(Dwight Everhart) 72.0 192.0 T
(<biff@biff.jpunix.com> ) 234.0 192.0 T
(Mark L. Fausett ) 72.0 206.0 T
(<mfausett@LOCUTUS.BBN.COM>) 234.0 206.0 T
(Jeff Hallgren ) 72.0 220.0 T
(<jhall@tahiti.umhc.umn.edu>) 234.0 220.0 T
(Alan Hinds ) 72.0 234.0 T
(<U32472%UICVM.bitnet@livid.uib.no>) 234.0 234.0 T
(Pete Holsberg) 72.0 248.0 T
(<pjh@mccc.edu>) 234.0 248.0 T
(Kenneth H277stland) 72.0 262.0 T
(<hostland@edb.uib.no>) 234.0 262.0 T
(Hans Morten Kind) 72.0 276.0 T
(<kind@edb.uib.no>) 234.0 276.0 T
(Edwin Kremer) 72.0 290.0 T
(<Edwin.Kremer@NOC.cs.ruu.nl>) 234.0 290.0 T
(Caroline Lambert) 72.0 304.0 T
(<caroline@stp.Stanford.EDU>) 234.0 304.0 T
(John Landwehr) 72.0 318.0 T
(<jland@nwu.edu>) 234.0 318.0 T
(Markus Lankeit) 72.0 332.0 T
(<markus@u.washington.edu>) 234.0 332.0 T
(James S MacKinnon) 72.0 346.0 T
(<jmack@skye.Phys.UAlberta.Ca>) 234.0 346.0 T
(Louis A. Mamakos) 72.0 360.0 T
(<louie@transsys.com>) 234.0 360.0 T
(Dr. Andreas Mueller ) 72.0 374.0 T
(<afm@mathi.uni-heidelberg.de>) 234.0 374.0 T
(Glenn D.Rempe) 72.0 388.0 T
(<glenn@iridium.digex.net>) 234.0 388.0 T
(Walter Roberson) 72.0 402.0 T
(<roberson@hamer.ibd.nrc.ca>) 234.0 402.0 T
(Bob Sutterfield) 72.0 416.0 T
(<bob@MorningStar.Com>) 234.0 416.0 T
72 430 M -0.641693 0 32 ( ) widthshow
78.030304 430 M -0.641693 0 32 (...and certainly others whom have asked not to be mentioned or I have lost their address ) widthshow
((sorry!).) 72.0 444.0 T
(All copyrights and trademarks are property of the respective companies (NeXT, SUN, ) 72.0 472.0 T
72 486 M -0.236053 0 32 (IBM, etc...) named. Inclusion of a specific product or manufacturer is coincidental and in ) widthshow
(no way represents an endorsement of said product.) 72.0 500.0 T
72 528 M -0.244247 0 32 (And in case anyone wonders, no - I am not a computer science major ;-). I am a student ) widthshow
72 542 M -0.304504 0 32 (in the graduate programme of psychology at the University of Bergen, Norway. I may be ) widthshow
(contacted at the following address:) 72.0 556.0 T
(Thor Legvold) 72.0 584.0 T
(NorNeXT User Group) 72.0 598.0 T
(Postboks 749) 72.0 612.0 T
(5001 Bergen) 72.0 626.0 T
(Tlf/Fax:+47 55 90 21 66) 72.0 640.0 T
(email:) 72.0 654.0 T
(Legvold@edb.uib.no (all mail accepted)) 119.52 654.0 T
(edmtl@fiol.uib.no (NeXTmail accepted)) 119.52 668.0 T
(thor@sushi.uib.no (fan mail accepted)) 119.52 682.0 T
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--
Thor Legvold | This is the strangest life
NorNeXT User Group leader | I've ever known...
University of Bergen | - Jim Morrison, The Doors