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1994-09-26
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The General Dynamics F-111 began flight test in 1964, when Defense De-
partment Secretary Robert McNamara conceived the idea that the Air Force
and the Navy could both use a tactical fighter-bomber. By time the prototype
made its debut, the two services had grown so far apart that the aircraft was
not able to meet the requirements of both. In 1968, the Navy dropped out of
the project, and the Air Force ordered 141 F-111As. These were followed by
296 F-111D, E, and F aircraft, all with improved systems.
When the F-111s entered combat in Southeast Asia in 1967, many structual
defects were found. There were also problems with the then, experimental
terrain-following radar. The F-111 was withdrawn and re-introduced in 1972.
It was a changed aircraft and came in so fast and so low that the Viet Cong
called the F-111 "whispering death" because the first sounds that could be
heard from the aircraft were exploding bombs. Having proved itself in the
last year of the United States involvement in Vietnam, the F-111 went on to
become the airplane of choice for the Tactical Air Command unit. The F-111
gradually earned the respect of its aircrew and won the nickname "Aardvark".
Described as the "workhorse" of the Persian Gulf War, the Aardvark flew over
4,000 sorties against armored formations, bridges, aircraft shelters, and wea-
pons production facilities, achieving a mission capable rate of eighty-five
percent. With a Mach 2 speed, the Aardvark is faster than other American
bombers, and when combined with a range exceeding that of American fight-
ers, makes it a unique and valuable airplane. Its bomber-like cock-pit fea-
tures side-by-side seating for the pilot and weapons systems operator. The
F-111 can carry 12 tons of bombs and missiles of various types and in va-
rious combinations. The FB-111 can carry a 16-ton nuclear or conventional
bomb or 13 tons of bombs and four short range attack missiles carried on
pylons located beneath the wings. The wings can be changed in flight from
nearly straight for a slow level cruise to a delta configuration for high-speed
flight.
In addition to its nuclear and conventional bombing capability, the F-111 can
carry up to twelve parachute-retarded rocket-boosted, runway attack bombs
for low-altitude high-speed delivery, and Gator, the United States Air Force's
first air-delivered mine system.