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1994-09-26
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The existence of the F-117A had been rumored since it became operational
in 1983, but it was not revealed officially until November 1988. Until then,
these precision attack aircraft were restricted mainly to night flying, in order
to maintain secrecy. Development and manufacture of the F-117As began in
November 1978, and the first test flight took place in June 1981.
Developed by Lockeed in the famous "Skunk Works" in Burbank, the F-117A
Stealth fighter was designed to be as invisible to radar as possible, as well
as difficult to see visually. The skin panels of the arrowhead-shaped air-
frame, with a leading-edge sweep of about 67.5 degrees, are divided into
many small, perfectly flat surfaces, which reflect at a variety of angles all
signals from probing hostile ground or airborne radars. Much of the aircraft's
external surface is made of composite radar-absorbent materials and has a
dull black finish that reflects little light. The engine air intakes and exhaust
nozzles are above the wings and rear fuselage, respectively, to shield them
from radar seekers below.
The F-117As first operational deployment was to Panama in December 1989,
in support of Operation Just Cause. During the Gulf War, more than 40 of the
Stealth fighters undertook 1,270 missions, flying undetected and unmolested
while attacking top-priority targets. According to the Air Force, the F-117As,
hit more than 95 percent of their targets flying at night and at low altitudes
using advanced sensors and precision guided bombs, often called "smart"
bombs.
The armament of the Stealth includes a wide variety of tactical weapons in-
cluding laser guided 2,000 lb. munitions and Maverick or HARM missiles.
There are also provisions for the AIM-9 Sidewinder.
F-117As can be carried on board C-5 Galaxy transports with their wings re-
moved. Two General Electric F404 nonafterburning turbofans give the air-
craft low noise signature and high subsonic performance. Quadruple redun-
dant fly-by-wire flight controls and a state-of-the-art digital avionics suite,
complemented by a specifically developed automated mission planning
system, are key features of the aircraft.