Usenet 1994 January/usenetsourcesnewsgroupsinfomagicjanuary1994.iso/answers/3b2-faq/part2

Text File | 1993-12-20 | 32KB | 805 lines

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From: [e-mail] (Gregory Gulik)
Subject: AT&T 3B2 Frequently Asked Questions - Part 2/2
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Archive-name: 3b2-faq/part2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 17 What are the pinouts of those phone-like serial connectors?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The connectors 3B2's use are called RJ-45.  They are 8 conductor
telephone like connectors, and lucky for us, are pretty standard.  You
can either buy the cables and connectors from AT&T for an arm and a
leg, or elsewhere.  I don't know about the cables, since I've never
bought them from anyone but AT&T, but I have made my own RS-232
connectors with excellent results.

The following is an excellent description of the RJ-45 port on the 3B2:

From: [e-mail] (Robert N Thomas)

Looking into the 8 pin modular RJ-45 jack you'll see that pin 1 should
be on the right.

    Diagram of what you should see when looking
    at an 8 PIN modular jack connector.

               +----------+
               | 87654321 |
               |          |
               +--+    +--+
                  |    |
                  +----+

Ok, not all 3B2 8 pin modular jack connectors are created "EQUAL".
These beasties are used for running StarLan 1MBit, EPORTS cards,
PORTS cards, as well as for running ETHERNET 10MBits as well.

The pin outs for the two modular jack cables on the back of the
3B2, as well as for the PORTS card should be as follows:

     PIN     Lead           Direction             Explanation
    =====  ==========     =============         ========================
      1     PROT GRD                              Ground
      2     reserved                              Not Connected
      3     TXD0            Out                   Transmit Data
      4     DTR0            Out                   Data Terminal Ready
      5     RXD0            In                    Receive Data
      6     DCD0            In                    Data Carrier Detect
      7     SIG GRD                               Signal Ground
      8     reserved                              Not Connected

The 2 modular jacks on the back of your machine should be labeled
console and contty.  If your talking about a PORTS card, here is
what one looks like:

     Centronics connector
     for Parallel Printer
          |
         \|/
     +------------+     +----+    +----+    +----+   +----+
      \          /      |    |    |    |    |    |   |    |
       \________/       +-__-+    +-__-+    +-__-+   +-__-+

                           ^         ^        ^        ^
                          The above 4 RJ45 connectors are for
                        plugging serial terminals into your 3B2.

The EPORTS card is card that has 8 RJ45 connectors (8 pin modular
jacks) on it.  This card is where you would want to plug a high
speed modem onto your system, because the above connectors DO NOT
SUPPORT HARDWARE FLOW CONTROL.  The PIN OUTS for the EPORTS card
are as follows:

     PIN     Lead           Direction             Explanation
    =====  ==========     =============         ========================
      1     PROT GRD                              Ground
      2     CTS             Out                   Clear to Send
      3     TXD0            Out                   Transmit Data
      4     DTR0            Out                   Data Terminal Ready
      5     RXD0            In                    Receive Data
      6     DCD0            In                    Data Carrier Detect
      7     SIG GRD                               Signal Ground
      8     RTS             In                    Request to send

* NOTES:

CTS & RTS (if you have them).
    Most 3B2 systems need to do the following to enable hardware
    flow control.  Otherwise the 3B2 will ignore RTS & CTS.
    Also see the FAQ item about handing high speed modems on
    EPORTS cards for more detailed information.

    epstty hfc    <-- XON/XOFF flow control must be disabled
              before you do this.  The stty command is
              one way to disable XON/XOFF.  Line
              DISCIPLINES are another way to do this.
              See etc/gettydefs file.

DTR0 notes. {3B2 uses this to signal DISCONNECT}

    When the 3B2 is active on the port  (waiting for someone
    to logon to the port or whatever.), DTR is active.   When
    the 3B2 wishes to DISCONNECT (ie, too many wrong passwords,
    or the user logs off the port), it will lower DTR momentarily.
    If you are trying to get a modem to work, you might want
    the modem to DISCONNECT the user when DTR is dropped..

DCD0 notes. {Used to tell 3B2 that the user has DROPPED CARRIER}

    When the DCD is set inactive, the 3B2 will assume that the
    user has either turned off the terminal, or dropped carrier.
    If this occurs, the user is logged off the system, and
    background tasks are aborted.  If DCD is inactive, be
    aware that NONE of the standard AT&T provided utilities
    are capable of sending anything to the device.  There is
    a way to get around this in the more recent releases of
    the 3B2's OS.  See your admin documentation for details.

    Otherwise, in the case of a MODEM, when the user drops
    carrier, you want the modem to "momentarily" lower this
    DCD0 just long enough for the 3B2 to realize that the user
    has dropped carrier.  The modem should then Re-ENABLE DCD0,
    so that the 3B2 will be able to send data to the modem.
    {needed for cu, and outbound UUCP to work correctly in
    older releases of the OS}

    Most semi-decent modems are capable of handling DCD and
    DTR in a 3B2 friendly manner.  I have done this with PEP's,
    USR HST's, and MicroComm 9600 AX modems, without incident.

From: [e-mail] (paul.e.nepermann)

Here are the pinouts for the connectors from the 8 pin modular to
the 25 pin adapters.

    8 pin modular to 25 pin RS232C Terminal/Printer
    8 pin modular to 25 pin RS232C ACU Modem

          |       Terminal/Printer        |    ACU Modem
8 pin side    |    25 pin/male   |    25 pin/female |    25 pin
          |              |              |
1  FG          |    FG    1     |    FG    1     | FG    1
2  CTS (in)   |    RTS    4     |    RTS    4     | CTS    5
3  TXD (out)  |    RXD    3     |    RXD    3     |    TXD    2
4  DTR (out)  |    DCD    8     |    DCD    8     | DTR    20
5  RXD (in)   |    TXD    2     |    RXD    2     | RXD    3
6  DCD (in)   |    DTR    20    |    DTR    20    | DCD    8
          |    DSR    6     |              |
7  SG          |    SG    7     |    SG    7     | SG    7
8  RTS (out)  |    CTS    5     |    CTS    5     | RTS    4

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 18 What is the u3b. newsgroup hierarchy?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Don't worry about it, you're not missing anything.  It's an almost
completely dead hierarchy that used to be about 3B2's and 3B1's.
Discussions about 3B2's have migrated to comp.sys.att, and discussions
about 3B1's have migrated to comp.sys.3b1.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 19 What is the proper way to rebuild the kernel after tuning
        kernel parameters?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# cp /unix /oldunix
# cd /etc/master.d

Edit your kernel parameters

# cd /boot
# mkboot -k KERNEL
# cd /
# sysadm firmware

Once in firmware mode, have the 3B2 boot using /etc/system

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 20 Which GNU packages DON'T run on the 3B2?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Most software from the Free Software Foundation compiles and runs
on 3B2s with little or no modification.  The following are exceptions
and their reasons.  Please prove me wrong, I'd love to have some
of this stuff on my 3B2 as well.

gdb    - GNU Debugger
      No configuration files for WE32K processor.

libg++    - C++ Libraries
      The g++ compiler produces invalid assembler code for one
      of the modules.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 21 How do I put a root and/or swap partition on a SCSI drive
            on a 3B2/300|310|400?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail] (Robert N Thomas)

[This is intended for experienced 3B2 system administrators only.
 You can lose all the data on your system if a mistake is made.
 You should make a full system backup before you try this.  Heck,
 make two just to be sure.  Do this at your own risk!]

Well, I have managed to get a SCSI drive interfaced to my unix system.
I thought that while this is all fresh in my mind, that I would type
this document and make it available to the Net.  I also am keeping a
copy of it to aid me if I need to do this again.  The EMAIL message by
geoff describing the edittbl process was invaluable to me.  But it
still took 30 hours for me to get it to work.  Hopefully the
information here will make it easier for someone else trying to get
this stuff to work.

I have a 3B2/400 computer system, with the following required hardware
and software:

1 SCSI Host Adaptor Card.
1 SCSI cable.
1 brand new SCSI disk drive. In this case a Quantum 170 Meg drive.

Software Required.
cd /usr/options
grep -i scsi *
scsi.name:AT&T 3B2 SCSI Host Adapter Utilities Release 1.0
sd01.name:AT&T 3B2 SCSI Disk Controller Utilities Release 3.0

You need the SCSI host adaptor utilities, and disk controller
utilities.  If you don't have the SCSI card, and the software, don't
bother trying it.

Here's what I did.

prtconf  <-- Take down what SCSI addresses you currently have in use.
             Look under SCSI at the ID: number.

Jumper your new hard disk to an unused SCSI ID: number (0-7) (don't
forget about terminating resistors.)

I didn't do this and wasted a few hours because I managed to pick one
of the few "used" address's.  BTW, Address 0 is always used on a 3B2.
SCSI host adaptor takes this address.

Power Down the 3B2.
Connect the new SCSI drive to the 3B2 SCSI bus.
Power the 3B2 on.

With finger on the CTRL-S or printscreen, watch the machine boot. As it
comes up it will say something like:

unknown device "QUANTUM ELS170S         3.5" not configured (*void).
  (TC:0, ID:2)
{Gee, maybe I am installing a Quantum 170 on my 3b2 at address 2 eh??}

Write all this down, and ensure you got it right.  The 3B2 usually
tries to scroll it off right away for you, to be helpful :-}

logon as root.
cd /etc/scsi
./edittbl -l     <-- The idea here is to view how SCSI disk entries are
                     formatted.  I'll show you what I did here to get the
                     QUANTUM 170 up.
./edittbl -i     <-- We want to insert a new entry.
Enter Vendor ID: QUANTUM
            The vendor ID must be padded out to 8 characters.  So add one
            space on the end of quantum to pad it out to 8 characters.
Enter Product ID: ELS170S
            The vendor id entered must be 16 characters.  The "3.5" won't
            fit in 16 characters, hence I simply added 9 spaces onto the
            end until I had 16 characters.
AT&T Device Name: SD01
            SD01 = disk drive
            ST01 = tape drive
TC Driver type: 0x001
Enter Peripheral Device Type: 0x000       <-- Most cases.  1 = tape
                                                           0 = disk
Max lu supported: 0x001       <--- How many logical units, or if you like
                                   subdevices are here.  Usually 1.

The system then asks again what vendor ID again.

Enter Vendor ID: <CTRL-D>    <--- CTRL-D to update and exit.
                                  Interrupt to exit without save

    Next...

cd to /usr/lib/scsi

Next, you want to edit the tc.index file.   Add an entry for your hard
disk similar to the others.  Here's what I did for the Quantum.

QUANTUM ELS180S         3.09
sd00.0

Again, QUANTUM padded to 8 chars, ELS170S.  Must be at least 16 chars
long.  In my case I went "over it".

sysadm reboot     <--- Reboot machine.

Once machine is up,

sysadm single     <--- Go to single user mode.
                       Rumor has it that formatting needs single user mode.

cd /usr/lib/scsi
./format -v /dev/xxxxxx   <-- In my case /dev/rdsk/c1t6d0s6
              <-- c1 = controller #1, t6 = scsi ID number
              <-- d0 = disk 0, and s6 = partition number

sysadm partitioning       <-- to add simple data partitions to the system
              <-- and add them

      or

In my case, since I wanted the SCSI disk to replace my existing boot
disk, you can't use sysadm partitioning.  Instead, you have to do it in
a more manual mode.  I could use a SLOW MFM drive for critical things
like root, swap and /usr, or I could use a nice BRAND NEW SCSI drive
for this, and use the MFM's for other less critical things.

To become a bit more familiar with how your disks are setup, you can
try the below in safety.  prtvtoc only displays the current settings.

prtvtoc /dev/dsk/c1d0s6   <-- Display partitions on my BOOTABLE CD WREN
                              70 Meg MFM hard disk. A standard one for most
                              3B2 systems.
prtvtoc /dev/dsk/c1d1s6   <-- This displays the second partition settings for
                              the second MFM hard disk on a 3B2.

If the above does not work, you may cat /etc/fstab and this will show
you most of your disks.  You could also check /etc/system for your
root partitions name.

In my case, I decided to store these configurations in /etc/vtoc, since
it makes sense to know what's in your partition tables.  The manuals
made mention of this vtoc directory.  When I got there, this was an
empty directory so I decided to populate it.

cd /etc/vtoc
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c1d0s6 > c1d0s6.vtoc
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c1d1s6 > c1d1s6.vtoc

Since we want to add partitions to the newly added SCSI disk, what I
did is.   Remember to select the correct device id for the disk your
adding.

fmthard /dev/rdsk/c1t6d0s6

This will install an unparitioned vtoc (volume table of contents, or
partition table if you prefer).  This gave me some badly needed
information about how many sectors are usable on the disk.

I then would recommend:

cd /etc/vtoc
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c1t6d0s6 > c1t6d0s6.vtoc

Funny thing about prtvtoc.  It's output can be read by the partitioning
program to re-create your partitions!!!  Nice touch don't you think.

I then went and edited this file's partition tables entries such that I
would have 20 Meg root, 140 Meg /usr and 8 Megs of swap.

Here is what it looked like when I finished for my Quantum drive:

* /dev/rdsk/c1t6d0s6 partition map
*
* Dimensions:
*     512 bytes/sector
*      63 sectors/track
*       4 tracks/cylinder
*     252 sectors/cylinder
*    1325 cylinders
*    1323 accessible cylinders
*
* Flags:
*   1: unmountable
*  10: read-only
*
*                          First     Sector    Last
* Partition  Tag  Flags    Sector     Count    Sector  Mount Directory
       0      2    00        100     40986     41085
       1      3    01      41086     16384     57469
       2      4    00      57470    275926    333395
       6      0    01          0    333396    333395
       7      0    01          0       100        99


Partition 0 is a root file system.  Starting at sector 100, going to
sector 41085, making a total of 41085 - 100 + 1 = 40986 sectors.

Partition 1 is my swap partition.  I started this one at sector num
41086 to 57469, making a total of 57469 - 41086 +1 = 16384 sectors, or
8 Meg of swap (16384 * 512 bytes/sector = 8Meg).  I also positioned
this as close to the center of the drive as possible, to try and make
it more accessible.  I want speedy access to this area.  Putting it at
the beginning of the drives, means that when the 3B2 has to read a
swapped process, its got to seek to the beginning of the drive.  I save
myself a bit of seek time.

Partition 2 is my /usr file system.

Partition 6 defines the total length of the drive.

Partition 7 defines the BOOT area of the drive.  I selected the
beginning of the drive.  I suspect you could move it anywhere, but for
me the beginning is good enough.

The TAGS also seem to define the type of partition, hence you should
follow the TAG & FLAG examples shown above.  If your just adding a data
disk, let sysadm partition do the dirty work for you.

One observation is fmthard does not format a hard disk. I think a name
like makevtoc would be a bit better choice of a name.  Oh well, who
said unix makes sense anyway!!!

Ok, now that the file is all edited just right, time to partition the
disk:

fmthard -s /etc/c1t6d0s6.vtoc /dev/rdsk/c1t6d0s6

I would recommend doing a prtvtoc to ensure that you got everything
right.  prtvtoc will declare if you had any problems.  EG: unused
sectors and such.

Now that the disk is partitioned, it's time to make it a bootable
disk.  I tried to get newboot to work and couldn't.  So I went and used
dd to get the job done:

dd if=/dev/dsk/c1d0s7 of=/dev/dsk/c1t6d0s7

And POOF!  Instant boot disk.

Next, we must use mkfs to create the file systems.  Again, the
/etc/vtoc directory contains most of the answers.  In this case the
number of sectors for each mountable partition.

mkfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s0 40986:5120 10 126 -b 1024   <-- makes root file sys

 40986 = total number of sectors.
  5120 = total number of inodes (total number of files you can create)
    10 = gap. Floppy this should be 1, on my box 10.  It's in the
     manuals.  Your system may be somewhat different for gap.
     Since I have a 3B2/400 at 10MHz, 10 is good.
   126 = Blocks per track.  In the prtvtoc output it says 252 sectors
     per cylinder.  Since each sector is 512 bytes, and my block
     size is 1024.  You get 512/1024 * 252 to get 126 blocks per
     cylinder.
  1024 = I want a 1K/block file system.  I sure could use 2K file
         system software.

I got 5120 from a df -lt command.  The current configuration AT&T
provided for my root file system.  Seems good enough for me.

mkfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s2 275926:40000 10 126 -b 1024  <-- makes my /usr file sys

I kinda trumped up my inodes here.  It's always good to have enough
Inodes, and a dam pain when you run out.  I wanted to ensure I had
enough.  Adding more later means the destruction of all files on the
file system and a restore from tape to recover.

mkfs to partition 1 (the swap area) is not very useful. Also mkfs to
partition 6 in also not a smart idea.

Next it is time to label the file system.  This is a job for the
labelit command.

labelit /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s0 /
labelit /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s2 /usr

mount each newly created file system(s).   For me, I did the following:

cd /
mkdir user
mkdir root
mount /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s0 /root
mount /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s2 /user

OK, now that we have our file systems online, it's time to copy the
files over to this new file system.  Here's what I did:

cd /
find . -mount -print | cpio -pvdlm /root

This copies all files on ONLY THE ROOT {/} FILE SYSTEM to the /root
file system.

cd /usr
find . -print | cpio -pvdlm /user

Copies all files on /usr as well as any other file systems below /usr
to the /user file system.  You could use the -mount option to limit
this.  In my case there are no other file systems, so who cares :-}.

OK, now all needed files are now on my SCSI drive. Only problem is I
can't boot off the scsi's / file system.

cd /root/etc
vi system

While you edit this file, you'll find a section all commented out.
The default looks like:

* System device specifications
*
* NOTE:  With VTOC, specifications are not required.
*      following is an example of what should go here
*
*    ROOTDEV: /dev/idsk00
*    PIPEDEV: /dev/idsk00
*    SWAPDEV: /dev/swap 0 3528

I changed my /root/etc/system files entries to look like:

* System device specifications
*
* NOTE:  With VTOC, specifications are not required.
*      following is an example of what should go here
*
ROOTDEV: /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s0
PIPEDEV: /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s0
SWAPDEV: /dev/dsk/c1t6d0s1 0 16384

I ran into a terrible problem, and could not get the SCSI drive to
boot.  The system would start booting off the SCSI, and then switch
midstream to the MFM drives on me.   This was horrible, and I could not
find anything in the docs to help.  Editing the /etc/system was the
only way I could get it to work.  If there is a better way, I would
appreciate hearing about it.

Since the SCSI is the new root file system, you'll have to ensure that
all mount point directories are re-created on your file system
replacements.  All file system mountpoints will be nonexistent on your
new file systems.

mkdir /usr

Now you need to select which file systems you want mounted at boot
time.

cd /etc
vi fstab

In my case, the default file looked like:

/dev/dsk/c1d1s2 /usr
/dev/dsk/c1d0s8 /usr2

I changed it to:

/dev/dsk/c1t6d0s2 /usr
/dev/dsk/c1d0s8 /usr2

And remember to ensure the mount directories DO exist.

sysadm firmware

MCP is usually the Password for most dos based systems.

For the boot file name, type in /etc/system

For the load device, select SCSI

For the subdevice, select the SCSI disk.

The system will produce a warning about the devices.  I don't know if I
did all the correctly, but it seems to work.  I tried to find the
answer to my boot disk problem in the docs, but failed.  I assume the
warnings are caused by the 3B2's OS assuming the existence of only MFM
drives.

If the machine boots, and your df -lt reports a SCSI root file system,
and a SCSI /usr, then it worked.

Next you'll have to use sysadm autold to select the SCSI boot device.

Hope this helps, and may be kept available to help someone else get
SCSI disks on their 3B2 as well.

Cheers....
                    ---- Robb ----

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 22 How do I take a crash dump?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail] (Jeff Hakner)

The procedure is given in the SAG, but anyway:
    After the system panics and gives you the SYSTEM FAILURE...
    message, type the firmware password.  You'll need 6 formatted
    floppies.  For program name, type sysdump.  This is a firmware
    program, so it won't ask for a device.

    Insert the first floppy, hit c, as per directions on screen.
    Continue for the remaining floppies.  This process takes ~15
    minutes.

        After the dump is complete, (remove the floppy and) boot unix.

    When the system is up, find a filesystem with at least 4MB
    free.  Run ldsysdump filename, where filename is the name of
    the image file which will be created.  Once again, feed it the
    6 disks (in sequence) as prompted.

    When this is done, filename will contain the core image of the
    crashed system.  To analyze, use crash filename.

        (Of course, if you don't know how to use crash.....)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 23 Why do I get "Host is unreachable" when trying to connect
            to a host on the Internet?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

From: [e-mail] (Wes Morgan)

Q: Why can I connect to some sites with telnet or ftp, but not others?
   Why do I get "Connection timed out" and "Host is unreachable" errors?
   What is the "TTL problem"? How can I fix it?

A: Some (or all!) of these problems can often be traced to one
   particular kernel parameter -- IP_TTL.

   For those unfamiliar with TCP/IP standards, TTL stands for "time
   to live." Each TCP/IP packet has a finite lifetime, measured in
   "hops."  Normally, each router or brouter along the transmission
   path is considered one hop.  When the packet is first sent, it's
   time-to-live is set to the value of IP_TTL; as the packet travels
   through each router/brouter, this counter is decremented by one.
   If a packet's TTL is exhausted before it reaches its destination,
   an error message is returned and the packet is killed.  This is
   often what actually happens behind those "Connection timed out"
   and "Host is unreachable" error messages.

   [ Readers in search of more detailed information about TTL and other  ]
   [ IP packet characteristics should read RFC 791, "Internet Protocol," ]
   [ which is available from many anonymous FTP sites.  Ask archie about ]
   [ "rfc791.txt"                                                        ]

   By default, WIN/TCP sets IP_TTL to 15 (0x0f); while this may be
   more than adequate for local networking, it is often far too
   small for systems participating in the larger Internet.  (I
   have, however, seen a *local* network that had enough routers
   to deplete the default TTL on exclusively local traffic --
   sheesh!)

   Those who wish to modify the IP_TTL parameter will find it in:
    /etc/conf/pack.d/ip/space.c  (WIN/TCP for System V/386)
    /etc/master.d/ip             (WIN/TCP for 3b2 SVR3.2)
   Follow the normal procedures for modifying tunable parameters.
   REMEMBER -- ALWAYS MAKE A BACKUP COPY OF THE OLD KERNEL!

Q: I've been told to set IP_TTL to its maximum value, 255 (0xFF).
   Is a high TTL undesirable?

   For normal operation, it's no big deal; it will cause your
   packets to bounce around locally a bit more than necessary, but
   that's a local decision.

   However, the impact of a high TTL can be far more significant
   in long-range networking.  During periods of network flakiness
   (which seem to be happening at an ever-increasing rate), a high
   TTL can cause the packet to bounce around *far* more than
   necessary.  For instance, suppose that router A thinks that a
   router B should handle traffic for machine C; it will forward
   packets to router B, decrementing the TTL of each packet.  If
   router B is confused, it might think that router A is supposed
   to handle traffic for machine C and fire the packet right back
   to router A.  With a high TTL, you'll generate endless loops
   between these two routers; this, in turn, will slow down everyone
   else's traffic. [and, in some uncommon cases, crash the router;
   I did that once....8( ]

   While I certainly agree that it's "someone else's job" to make
   sure that these situations don't occur, I think that we have an
   obligation to minimize our impact on those folks that provide
   our long-range connectivity.

   I've found that setting IP_TTL to 64 (0x40) meets all our needs
   AND minimizes our impact on flaky networks.  Please consider
   your needs when configuring; don't just set things to the maximum
   possible.  After all, it's called "performance tuning," not
   "crank it up, man!"

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: 24 How do I boost the speed of my 3B2/310 or /400?
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    Modifying a 3B2/310 or /400 to increase CPU clock speed above 10MHz

By: Jeff Hakner, Cooper Union  NYC
Draft 1.1, 13JUL1993

3B2/310 and /400 systems were delivered with a maximum CPU clock
rate of 10 MHz.  AT&T, at some point, released a chipset consisting
of CPU, MMU, MAU and oscillator which ran at 14MHz.  That chipset
does not seem to be widely available any longer.  Congruent
Technologies, a big 3B2 VAR, is known to have a large number of
the chips, but their asking price (as of late 1992) was $1000 !!!
Considering that an entire V2 motherboard is going for $50 these
days, that seems outrageous.

I heard from several sources that one could simply replace the
oscillator and run the 10MHz chips up to about 14MHz, depending on
the vintage of the motherboard and memory cards.  The oscillator,
a WE32102 in AT&T parlance, is made be McCoy.  It is not a typical
TTL clock oscillator which is housed in a 14-pin DIP and costs
about $5.  This is because the 3B2 CPU requires a bi-phase clock.
McCoy said they had the faster parts, but they wanted $200!!  I
set out to do it myself.

Someone got me the pinout of the WE32102, and I noticed two unused
pins.  I put the thing on the bench, hooked it up to a scope, and
experimented.  It turns out that the WE32102 will accept and
*external* clock at double frequency.  This clock source overrides
the internal x2 oscillator which is inside the WE32102 can.
Therefore, one can easily (and cheaply!) vary the CPU clock speed
by attaching the appropriate TTL clock oscillator, about $5.

The WE32102 is a 16-pin DIP.  It is a wide DIP, not the narrow type
normally found in a 16 count.  The pinout is:

     8: GND
    16: VCC
     3: Internal oscillator enable
     5: External frequency source (x2) input
    10: Clock, phase 1
    12: Clock, phase 2 (90 degree delay)
    14: x2 output

To perform the mod, all you need to do is:
    1) Make sure pin 3 is not connected to the motherboard,
       which provides a pull-up resistor.  Apply ground to pin
       3.  I recommend bending pin 3 off to the side so that
       it doesn't enter the socket, then wire-wrapping a wire
       from pin 8 to pin 3 to ground out the enable.  You must
       ground pin 3; it floats high.  Be careful not to allow
       pin 3 to touch the case of the WE32102.

    2) Apply the x2 clock source to pin 5.  I recommend using
       one of the easily-available TTL clock oscillators.  They
       come in a 14-pin DIP: 14=Vcc, 7=Gnd, 9=Output.  Widely
       available, e.g. from JDR or DigiKey.

    3) Get power to the above-mentioned TTL clock osc.  I
       recommend borrowing the power from pins 16 and 8 of the
       WE32102.  I did this and left the TTL osc. flipped on
       its back, resting on top of the WE32102, secured with
       electrical tape (ah, electrical tape, the wonders it
       provides...)

For example, a 25MHz clock source will run the system at 12.5MHz.
That's the only speed I've tried, and it seems to work fine.  Your
mileage may vary.  In particular, this mod will not work with really
old motherboards or memory cards, I'm told.

Early 3B2/300s and /310s ran at 8.2 MHz.  These systems probably
won't get much above 10 MHz.  Very recent 3B2/400s and /310s (is
that an oxymoron?) have 14MHz CPU/MMU/MAU chipsets installed.
These systems may be able to go to 16MHz, but I don't know if the
rest of the motherboard will handle it!

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