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Newsgroups: comp.ai,news.answers,comp.answers
Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!news.kei.com!eff!news.umbc.edu!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!fs7.ece.cmu.edu!honeydew.srv.cs.cmu.edu!crabapple.srv.cs.cmu.edu!mkant
From: mkant+@cs.cmu.edu (Mark Kantrowitz)
Subject: FAQ: Artificial Intelligence Questions & Answers 1/6 [Monthly posting]
Message-ID: <ai_1.faq_755770176@cs.cmu.edu>
Followup-To: poster
Summary: Frequently asked questions about AI
Sender: news@cs.cmu.edu (Usenet News System)
Supersedes: <ai_1.faq_753177985@cs.cmu.edu>
Nntp-Posting-Host: a.gp.cs.cmu.edu
Reply-To: mkant+ai-faq@cs.cmu.edu
Organization: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
Date: Mon, 13 Dec 1993 08:10:10 GMT
Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
Expires: Mon, 24 Jan 1994 08:09:36 GMT
Lines: 1582
Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.ai:19788 news.answers:15726 comp.answers:2978
Archive-name: ai-faq/part1
Last-Modified: Mon Nov 15 15:56:44 1993 by Mark Kantrowitz
Version: 1.14
;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Answers to Questions about Artificial Intelligence *************
;;; ****************************************************************
;;; Written by Mark Kantrowitz
;;; ai_1.faq -- 62971 bytes
If you think of questions that are appropriate for this FAQ, or would
like to improve an answer, please send email to mkant+ai-faq@cs.cmu.edu.
*** Topics Covered:
Part 1:
[1-0] What is the purpose of this newsgroup?
[1-1] AI-related Associations and Journals
[1-2] How do I get a copy of the proceedings to conference <x>?
[1-4] What are the rules for the game of "Life"?
[1-5] What AI competitions exist?
[1-8] Commercial AI products.
[1-9] Glossary of AI terms.
[1-10] What are the top schools in AI?
[1-11] How can I get the email address for Joe or Jill Researcher?
Part 2 (AI-related Newsgroups and Mailing Lists):
List of all known AI-related newsgroups, mailing lists, and
electronic bulletin board systems.
Part 3 (Bibliography):
Bibliography of introductory texts, overviews and references
Addresses and phone numbers for major AI publishers
Part 4 (FTP Resources):
[4-0] General Information about FTP Resources for AI
[4-1] FTP Repositories
[4-2a] FTP and Other Resources: Agents -- Planning
Note: Question [4-2] (FTP and Other Resources) is split across parts 4 and 5.
Part 5 (FTP Resources):
[4-2b] FTP and Other Resources: Qualitative Reasoning -- Theorem Proving
[5-1] AI Bibliographies available by FTP
[5-2] AI Technical Reports available by FTP
[5-3] Where can I get a machine readable dictionary, thesaurus, and
other text corpora?
[5-4] List of Smalltalk implementations.
[5-5] AI-related CD-ROMs
Part 6 (Expert System Shells):
[6-1] Introduction and Acknowledgements
[6-2] Other Sources of Information
[6-3] Free/Cheap Expert System Shells
[6-4] Commercial Expert System Shells
Search for [#] to get to question number # quickly.
*** Recent changes:
;;; 1.13:
;;; 13-OCT-93 mk Corrections to CLIPS entry.
;;; 14-OCT-93 mk Added Rete++ to part 6.
;;; 20-OCT-93 mk Added NATURAL LANGUAGE & LINGUISTIC THEORY to journals.
;;; 28-OCT-93 mk Updated VP-EXPERT entry.
;;; 28-OCT-93 mk Change in SIGGEN mailing list.
;;;
;;; 1.14:
;;; 15-NOV-93 mk Updated FOCL entry in part 6.
;;; 17-NOV-93 mk Added info on GEST to 6-3.
;;; 1-DEC-93 mk Added note that Don Walker passed away to ACL entry.
;;; 1-DEC-93 mk Updated email address for Abtweak, part 4.
;;; 9-DEC-93 mk Updated entry on SIGGEN in part 2.
;;; 9-DEC-93 mk Added entry of Mark Kantrowitz's NLG bibliography
;;; to part 5.
;;; 9-DEC-93 mk Added ftp instructions for Back v5.2 (KR system in the
;;; KL-One family) in part 4.
;;; 9-DEC-93 mk Updated entry on BPS -- the code from Forbus and de Kleer's
;;; book.
*** Introduction:
Certain questions and topics come up frequently in the various network
discussion groups devoted to and related to Artificial Intelligence
(AI). This file/article is an attempt to gather these questions and
their answers into a convenient reference for AI researchers. It is
posted on a monthly basis. The hope is that this will cut down on the
user time and network bandwidth used to post, read and respond to the
same questions over and over, as well as providing education by
answering questions some readers may not even have thought to ask.
The latest version of this file is available via anonymous FTP from CMU:
To obtain the file from CMU, connect by anonymous ftp to any CMU CS
machine (e.g., ftp.cs.cmu.edu [128.2.206.173]), using username
"anonymous" and password "name@host". The files ai_1.faq,
ai_2.faq, ai_3.faq, ai_4.faq, ai_5.faq and ai_6.faq are located in
the directory
/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/pubs/faqs/ai/
[Note: You must cd to this directory in one atomic operation, as
some of the superior directories on the path are protected from
access by anonymous ftp.] If your site runs the Andrew File System,
you can just cp the file directly without bothering with FTP.
The FAQ postings are also archived in the periodic posting archive on
rtfm.mit.edu [18.70.0.209]. Look in the anonymous ftp directory
/pub/usenet/news.answers/ in the subdirectory ai-faq/. If you do not
have anonymous ftp access, you can access the archive by mail server
as well. Send an E-mail message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
with "help" and "index" in the body on separate lines for more
information.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-0] What is the purpose of this newsgroup?
The newsgroup comp.ai exists for general discussion of topics related
to Artificial Intelligence. For example, possible topics can
include (but are not necessarily limited to):
announcements of AI books and products
discussion of AI programs and tools
questions about AI techniques
problems implementing an AI technique
Postings should be of general interest to the AI community. See also
part 2 of the FAQ for a list of other more specialized discussion lists.
Every so often, somebody posts an inflammatory message, such as
Will computers every really think?
AI hasn't done anything worthwhile.
These "religious" issues serve no real purpose other than to waste
bandwidth. If you feel the urge to respond to such a post, please do
so through a private e-mail message, or post redirecting follow-ups to
comp.ai.philosophy.
We've tried to minimize the overlap with the FAQ postings to the
comp.lang.lisp, comp.lang.prolog and comp.ai.neural-nets newsgroups,
so if you don't find what you're looking for here, we suggest you try
the FAQs for those newsgroups. These FAQs should be available by
anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu in subdirectories of /pub/usenet/ or
by sending a mail message to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with subject "help".
The Lisp FAQ is also available by anonymous ftp from the same ftp
location as the AI FAQ and from ftp.think.com:/public/think/lisp/.
Information about Prolog may be obtained from two sources: The Prolog
FAQ, which is posted twice a month to the newsgroup comp.lang.prolog
by Jamie Andrews <jamie@cs.sfu.ca>, and the Prolog Resource Guide,
which is posted to the newsgroup comp.lang.prolog once a month, and is
available by anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.cmu.edu [128.2.206.173] in the
directory /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ai-repository/ai/pubs/faqs/
as the files prolog-resource-guide-1.text and prolog-resource-guide-2.text.
The Robotics FAQ is available by anonymous ftp from ftp.cs.cmu.edu
[128.2.206.173] in the directory /user/nivek/robotics-faq as the files
part1 and part2. To obtain a copy by email, send a message to
mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu containing the following lines:
send usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/part1
send usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/part2
On UUCP, it is available at
uunet!/archive/usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/
as the files part1.Z and part2.Z (or by ftp from ftp.uu.net
[137.39.1.9] in /archive/usenet/news.answers/robotics-faq/).
Information about object-oriented programming can be obtained in the
newsgroups comp.object, comp.lang.clos, and comp.lang.smalltalk.
Information about object-oriented databases can be obtained in the
survey compiled by Stewart Clamen, which may be found either in the
comp.object FAQ posting or in byron.sp.cs.cmu.edu:clamen/evolution-summary
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-1] AI-related Associations and Journals
Associations:
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI)
AAAI, 445 Burgess Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
415-328-3123, info@aaai.org, membership@aaai.org
Membership includes AI Magazine:
$40 regular, $20 student, $60 institution (US/Canadian)
$65 regular, $45 student, $85 institution (Foreign)
AAAI has several special interest groups (SIGs), including one
on manufacturing and one on medicine.
ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTING MACHINERY (ACM)
ACM, 1515 Broadway, New York, NY 10036.
Member Services, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.
212-869-7440. Fax 212-944-1318. Email: acmhelp@acmvm.bitnet.
$75 regular, $22 student (includes Communications of the ACM)
$15 ($8 students) extra for SIGART membership (gets Sigart Bulletin;
non-member subscription is $41)
$12 ($7 students) extra for Lisp Pointers.
$15 ($10 students) extra for Computing Surveys
$34 ($29 students) extra for Computing Reviews
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERS (IAKE)
IAKE, 11820 Parklawn Drive, Suite 302, Rockville, MD 20852.
301-948-5390
$65 regular, $30 students.
ASSOCIATION FOR COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS (ACL)
Natural language processing research and applications.
Members receive the journal Computational Linguistics, ISSN 0891-2017.
Regular membership $30 ($20 full-time students not earning a regular
income; $20 for retired), $10 extra for first class/air postage in
North America, $20 elsewhere. For more information write to
Dr. Donald E. Walker (ACL), Bellcore, 445 South Street, MRE 2A379,
Morristown, NJ 07960, USA, call +1-201-829-4312, fax +1-201-829-5981,
or send email to acl@bellcore.com. Institutions must subscribe to
the journal through MIT Press Journals, 55 Hayward Street,
Cambridge, MA 02142, USA, +1-617-253-2889.
[Note: Don Walker passed away on Friday, November 26, 1993. We do
not yet know the new contact person for the ACL.]
INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE)
IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855.
1-800-678-IEEE, 201-981-0060
IEEE membership is $95 regular ($28 students)
For membership in the IEEE Computer Society, add $22 ($13 students).
$20 for IEEE Expert (Intelligent Systems and their Applications)
$12 for Transactions on Neural Networks
$12 for Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
$15 for Transactions on Robotics and Automation
$19 for Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
$24 for Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF APPLIED INTELLIGENCE (ISAI)
Membership is $25 for associate members and $75 for full members.
Full members receive a subscription to the International Journal of
Applied Intelligence (normal institutional rate is $217).
To apply contact Graham Forsyth, secretary, forsyth@fencer.cis.dsto.gov.au.
Or write to ISAI, Department of Computer Science, Southwest Texas
State University, San Marcos, TX 78666-4616, phone 512-245-3409, fax
512-245-3804, or send email to Moonis Ali, president, <ma04@swtexas.bitnet>.
Working groups include CIM -- Learning in Intelligent Manufacturing
Systems, Automatic Failure Diagnostics, Production Management,
Finance, Building Architecture, Scheduling and Planning.
COGNITIVE SCIENCE SOCIETY
Membership: $50 individuals, $25 student. Add $15 overseas postage.
Members receive a copy of the journal Cognitive Science without
additional charge. Write to Alan Lesgold, Secretary/Treasurer,
Cognitive Science Society, LRDC, University of Pittsburgh, 3939
O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, fax 1-412-624-9149, email
al+@pitt.edu.
INTERNATIONAL FUZZY SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION (IFSA)
Membership $180, includes a subscription to the International Journal
of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, ISSN 0165-0114.
Write to Prof. Philippe Smets, University of Brussels, IRIDIA, 50 av.
F. Roosevelt, CP 194/6, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
NORTH AMERICAN FUZZY INFORMATION PROCESSING SOCIETY (NAFIPS)
For more information, contact Thomas H. Whalen, Secretary/Treasurer,
Decision Sciences Department, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303,
404-651-4080, <qmdthw@gsuvm1.gsu.edu>. NAFIPS holds a conference and
a workshop in alternating years.
SOCIETY FOR MACHINES AND MENTALITY
James H. Moor, Treasurer, Society for Machines and Mentality,
Department of Philosophy, Dartmouth College, 6035 Thornton Hall,
Hanover, NH 03755-3592 U.S.A.
603-646-2155. Email: James.H.Moor@Dartmouth.edu
$5 Membership only
$50 Membership with subscription to _Minds and Machines_
CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF INTELLIGENCE (CSCSI)
Members receive a subscription to Canadian Artificial Intelligence.
CSCSI/SCEIO, c/o CIPS, 430 King Street West, Suite 205, Toronto,
Ontario M5V 1L5, CANADA
416-593-4040, fax 416-593-5184
Membership: $40 individuals, $30 students
JAPANESE ASSOCIATION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (JSAI)
OS Bldg. Suite #402
4-7 Tsukudo-cho, Shinjuku-ku
Tokyo 162 Japan
Phone: +81-3-5261-3401
Telfax: +81-3-5261-3402
SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL (SMIA)
Ofelia Cervantes V, Apartado Postal #5, Universidad de las Americas,
Sta. Catarina Martir Puebla 72820, MEXICO
(52-22) 47-0522, (52-22) 47-4319
AUSTRIAN SOCIETY FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ASAI)
Postfach 177, Vienna, A-1014, AUSTRIA
(43) 1 535-32810
INTERNATIONAL NEURAL NETWORK SOCIETY (INNS)
Membership is $55/year for non-students and $45/year for students, and
includes a subscription to "Neural Networks", the official journal of
the society.
INNS Membership, Suite 300, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037
70712.3265@compuserve.com, 202-466-4667, fax 202-466-2888.
INNS Membership, P.O. Box 491166, Ft. Washington, MD 20749
INTERNATIONAL STUDENT SOCIETY FOR NEURAL NETWORKS (ISSNNets)
Membership is $5 per year.
ISSNNet, Inc., P.O. Box 15661, Boston, MA 02215
See also comp.org.issnnet.
JAPANESE NEURAL NETWORK SOCIETY (JNNS)
Department of Engineering, Tamagawa University,
6-1-1, Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida City, Tokyo,
194 JAPAN
Phone: +81 427 28 3457
Fax: +81 427 28 3597
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION (AIIA)
c/o Fondazione Ugo Borboni, Roma - Italy
Contact: Oliviero Stock <stock@irst.it>
Tel: +39 6 54803428
Fax: +39 6 54804405
THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW (IAAIL)
Contact: Prof. Carole Hafner, IAAIL, College of Computer Science,
Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Membership: $60 Regular, $35 student (incuding AI and Law Journal)
$25 Reduced (without journal subscription)
ASSOCIATION FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION IN THE AMERICAS (AMTA)
655 Fifteenth Street, NW, Suite 310, Washington, DC 20005
Membership: $40 Associate members, $65 active members, Institutional $200,
Corporate $400. Members receive the MT News International and the
MT Yellow Pages.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SIMULATION OF BEHAVIOR (AISB)
c/o Alison White, School of Cognitive Science, University of Sussex,
Brighton BN1 9QH
Tel: +44-273-678379
email: alisonw@cogs.susx.ac.uk
Publishes the AISB Newsletter.
EVOLUTIONARY PROGRAMMING SOCIETY
9363 Towne Centre Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, Attn: Bill Porto, Treasurer
Membership: $40/year ($10/year for students with id)
Members get a discounted registration at the annual conference.
Newsletters:
The Computists' Communique is a weekly online newsletter for AI/IS/CS
scientists. It covers research and funding news; career, consulting,
and entrepreneurial issues; AI-related job postings and journal calls;
FTPable & other resource leads; market trends; analysis and
discussion. The Communique serves members of Computists
International, a professional mutual-aid society. Membership in
Computists International runs $135 for new professional members, $55
for students and the unemployed. There is a 25% discount for Canada,
Western Europe, the UK, Japan, and Australia; other countries and
territories outside the U.S. get a 50% discount. For more
information, contact Dr. Kenneth I. Laws (laws@ai.sri.com),
415-493-7390, 4064 Sutherland Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94303.
Organizations -- Robotics Related:
For a list of organizations that are robotics related, see the FAQ
posting for comp.robotics, maintained by Kevin Dowling <nivek@cs.cmu.edu>.
Note: Some Journals are listed with the publishing organization above.
Journals -- General:
JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH (JAIR)
JAIR is published by the AI Access Foundation, a nonprofit corporation
devoted to the electronic dissemination of scientific results in AI.
JAIR is a refereed publication, covering all areas of AI, that will be
distributed free of charge over the internet by ftp, electronic mail,
and in the newsgroups comp.ai.jair.announce (announcements and
abstracts of new papers) and comp.ai.jair.papers (papers, code, and other
materials, distinguished by subject line). Both will be moderated,
with discussion occurring in comp.ai. In addition, each complete
volume of JAIR will be published by Morgan Kaufmann. JAIR aims to
have a review turn-around time of about 5 weeks, with electronic
publication occurring immediately after the editor receives the final
version of an accepted article. JAIR will begin accepting submissions
on June 15, 1993. Further information regarding submissions can be
obtained by sending a request to jair@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0824-7935
Basil Blackwell Publishers, Journal Subscription Department,
3 Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, MA 02142 or call 1-800-835-6770.
Blackwell Publishers, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford, OX4 1JF, England.
Individual subscriptions are $85 in North America and $100 in the rest of
the world. Institutional subscriptions are $175 and $190, respectively.
A reduced rate of $40 is available to members of the Canadian
Information Processing Society.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW (Survey and Tutorial Journal)
Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, 617-871-6600, fax 617-871-6528.
PO Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
Email: kluwer@world.std.com
The institutional subscription rate is $130 per volume (4 issues).
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Published 18 times annually. ISSN 0004-3702.
$80 individuals (must be a member of one of the major AI societies).
To order in the US, write to AAAI, AI Journal, 445 Burgess Drive, Menlo
Park, CA 94025-3496, or to Elsevier Science Publishing, 655 Avenue of
the Americas, New York, NY 10017, 212-633-3827. Outside the US,
contact Elsevier Science Publishers, Attn: Ursula van Dijk, PO Box 103,
1000 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands, or call +31-20-5862-608.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (JETAI)
Annual subscription, 1992/3, $163; personal subscription, $82.
To order in the US, write to Taylor and Francis, Inc., 1900 Frost
Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007-1598. Or contact the home office:
Taylor and Francis Ltd, Rankine Road, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK
RG24 0PR (0256) 840366. ISSN 0952-813X
SPANG ROBINSON REPORT ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
Published monthly. ISSN 0885-9957.
Subscriptions: $405 US & Canada, $455 elsewhere.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012,
212-850-6347, fax 212-850-6088.
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
Published quarterly, since 1985.
Freund Publishing House, London
MINDS AND MACHINES
Journal for Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy, and Cognitive Science
ISSN 0924-6495
Subscription information and sample copies available from:
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht,
The Netherlands. In the US, write to Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101
Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061.
COMPUTERS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
I. Plander (ed.)
VEDA Publishing House of the Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Klemenosova 19, 814 30 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Published bimonthly, order from:
Lange & Springer GmbH, Foller Str.2, P.O.B. 10 16 10,
5000 Koln 1, Germany.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AI TOOLS
World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.
1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661
Tel: 1-800-227-7562
ANNALS OF MATHEMATICS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
J.C. Baltzer AG Scientific Publishing Company, Wettsteinplatz 10,
CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland, tel 41-61-691-89-25, fax 41-61-692-42-62.
In the United States, send orders to J. C. Baltzer AG, Scientific
Publishing Company, PO Box 8577, Red Bank, NJ 07701-8577.
Subscriptions: Individuals Sfr. 130.00/$80.00
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MAN-MACHINE STUDIES
Published monthly, since 1969.
Subscriptions (including postage): Individuals 108 pounds UK, US $194;
Institutions 318 pounds UK, US $592. Canadian subscribers should add
GST at current rate of 7%.
Publisher: Academic Press Ltd., 24-28 Oval Road, London, NW1 7DX, UK, phone
71-267-4466, fax 71-482-2293 or 71-485-4752, or email ac2@ib.rl.ac.uk.
Send subscription orders to: Academic Press Ltd., Foots Cray, Sidcup,
Kent DA14 5HP, UK, phone 81-300-3322.
Air freight and mailing in the USA by Publications Expediting, Inc.,
200, Meacham Avenue, Elmont, NY 10003.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIETY
Published quarterly, since 1987.
Subscriptions: UK pounds 110 + carriage charges
Springer Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3, D-100 Berlin 33, Germany, phone
30-82071, fax 30-8214091.
JOURNAL OF SYMBOLIC COMPUTATION
Published monthly, since 1985.
Academic Press Ltd., 24-28 Oval Road, London, NW1 7DX, UK.
Subscriptions (includes postage): Individuals UK pounds 111, US $204;
Institutions UK pounds 222, US $408. Subscribers in Canada should add GST
at the current rate of 7%.
Send subscription orders to: Academic Press Ltd., Foots Cray, Sidcup,
Kent DA14 5HP, UK, phone 81-300-3322.
Journals -- Applied AI:
APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0883-9514
Subscriptions: Institutions $228; Individuals $109.
Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 1900 Frost Rd., Suite 101, Bristol, PA
19007-1598, 1-800-821-8312 (215-785-5800), fax 215-785-5515.
(in the UK, write to Taylor & Francis Ltd., Rankine Rd., Baskingstoke,
Hampshire RG24 0PR, UK, call +44-256-840366, or fax +44-256-479438)
APPLIED INTELLIGENCE
The International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks,
and Complex Problem-Solving Technologies
Subscriptions: Institutions $217; Individuals $75.
Editor in Chief: Dr. Moonis Ali, Professor of Computer Science, The
University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN 37388
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 358, Accord Station,
Hingham, MA 02018-0358, <kluwer@world.std.com>.
Journals -- AI and Database Management:
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (JIIS)
INTEGRATING AI AND DATABASE TECHNOLOGIES
Published quarterly. ISSN: 0925-9902
Subscriptions: Individuals, $85; Institutions $193.
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358/Accord Station,
Hingham, MA 02018-0358, 617-871-6600, fax 617-871-6528, e-mail
Kluwer@world.std.com.
Journals -- AI and Education:
JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION
Published quarterly, since 1989.
Subscriptions: $65. Outside the US add $10 Canada/Mexico and $15 all
others for postage. Student and institutional rates available upon request.
Published by the Association for the Advancement of Computing in
Education (AACE), PO Box 2966, Charlottesville, VA 22902, phone
804-973-3987.
Journals -- AI and Law:
ARTICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LAW
Subscriptions: $158, including postage
Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
Journals -- AI and Manufacturing:
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING
Published quarterly, since 1990.
Chapman and Hall, London
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Published quarterly, since 1982.
Published by the Computer and Automated Systems Association of the SME.
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, One SME Drive, PO Box 930,
Dearborn, MI 48121. 313-271-1500
Journals -- AI and Medicine:
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE
Published 6 times annually. ISSN Number 0933-3657.
Subscriptions: $175.
To order in the US, write to Elsevier Science Publishing, 655 Avenue of
the Americas, New York, NY 10017, 212-633-3827. Outside the US,
contact Elsevier Science Publishers, Journal Department, PO Box 211,
1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands, call +31-20-5803-642, or fax
+31-20-5803-598.
Journals -- Automated Reasoning:
JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING
Published 6 times annually. ISSN 0168-7433
Subscriptions: Individuals $131; Institutions $263; AAR members $65.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
AUTOMATED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
The International Journal of Automated Reasoning and Artificial
Intelligence in Software Engineering.
Published quarterly.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
ANNUAL REVIEW IN AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING
Published annually, since 1960.
Supplement of "International tracts in computer science and technology
and their applications".
Published by Pergamon Press, 395 Saw Mill River Road, Elmsford, NY
10523, phone 800-257-5755 (914-592-7700).
Subscriptions: UK pounds 105 or US $200 (approximate). Postage included.
Journals -- Cognitive Science:
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Ablex Publishing Company,
355 Chestnut Street, Norwood, NJ 07648
201-767-8450, fax 201-767-6717
$50 individual, $125 institution.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
Published quarterly, since 1978.
In the UK: Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building,
Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK.
In the US: Cambridge University Press, Journals Department, 40 West
20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211.
BRAIN AND COGNITION
Published quarterly, since 1982.
Academic Press, 11, Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10003
BRAIN AND LANGUAGE
Published bimonthly, since 1974
Academic Press, 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101
Orders: 800-321-5068
Fax: 619-699-6715
COGNITION
Published quarterly, since 1972.
The Hague; Paris:Mouton, subscription orders must be sent to:
Subscriptions: US$670
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam,
phone (31)-20-5803642, fax (31)-20-5803598.
Cognition, Publication Expediting, Inc., 200 Meacham Avenue,
Elmont, NY 11003
COGNITION AND BRAIN THEORY
Published 1980-84, subsequently absorbed into Cognitive Science.
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Published quarterly, since 1970
Academic Press, 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, CA 92101
Orders: 800-321-5068
Fax: 619-699-6715
Journals -- Concurrent Engineering:
CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS (CERA)
Published quarterly.
Official journal of the Concurrent Engineering Institute of the
International Society for Productivity Enhancement (ISPE).
Academic Press Ltd., 24-28 Oval Road, London, NW1 7DX, UK. Call
71-267-4466, fax 71-482-2293 or 71-485-4752, or email ac2@ib.rl.ac.uk.
Relevant to parallel processing, blackboard systems, distributed AI,
and AI in manufacturing.
For information about submissions, write to Biren Prasad, Managing
Editor, CERA Institute, PO Box 250254, West Bloomfield, MI 48325, call
313-492-0551, fax 313-661-8333, or send email to bprasad@cmsa.gmr.com.
Journals -- Engineering:
ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Published 6 times annually.
Subscriptions: Institutions (1992) 235.00 or approx US$425.00; two year
institutional rate (1992/93) 446.50 or approx US$807.50.
North America: Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road,
Tarrytown, NY 10591-55153, USA.
Rest of the World: Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall,
Oxford OX3 0BW, England. Tel: Oxford (0865)794141
ENGINEERING OPTIMISATION
Published quarterly, since 1974.
Gordon and Breach, London
Journals -- Expert Systems:
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0957-4174.
Subscriptions: Institutions L85 ($155), Individuals L45 ($72).
Pergamon Press Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153,
email PPI@pergamon.com, or Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall,
Oxford OX3 0BW, England.
EXPERT SYSTEMS: THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0266-4720.
Subscriptions: L85 ($110)
Learned Information Ltd., Woodside, Hinksey Hill, Oxford OX1 5AU, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)865-730275 Fax: +44 (0)085-736354
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERT SYSTEMS
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0894-9077.
Subscriptions: Institutions $135; Individuals $75. Outside the US add
$10 for surface mail and $20 for airmail.
JAI Press Inc., 55 Old Post Road -- No. 2, PO Box 1678, Greenwich, CT
06836-1678.
Journals -- Genetic Algorithms:
EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION
Published 4 times annually, beginning April/May 1993.
100 pages per issue, 7x10. ISSN 1063-6550
Editor-in-chief: Kenneth De Jong
Subscription Rates: Individuals $45 ($63.13 Canada, $59 elsewhere),
Institutions $120.00 ($143.38 Canada, $134.00 elsewhere), and
Students/Retired $30.00 ($47.08 Canada, $44.00 elsewhere).
MIT Press Journals, 55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1399,
617-253-2889, fax 617-258-6779, E-mail hiscox@mitvma.mit.edu.
Journals -- Logic Programming:
JOURNAL OF LOGIC PROGRAMMING
Published bimonthly, since 1984.
Society rate available through Elsevier for members of the Association
of Logic Programming.
Subscriptions: Institutions $486 (outside US add $48 p&h).
Elsevier Science Publishing (direct orders to Cindy Williams) 655
Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, phone 212-633-3815, fax
212-633-3820 or Elsevier Science Publishing PO Box 211, Amsterdam,
1000 AE, The Netherlands, phone 020-580-3641, fax 020-580-3769.
NEW GENERATION COMPUTING
Published quarterly, since 1983.
Published in Japan in English by Ohmsha Ltd., 3-1 Kanda Nishiki-cho,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 Japan, phone 03-3233-0641.
Subscriptions:
Japan: yen 28,000 including carriage charges.
Springer Verlag Tokyo, 37-3, Hongo 3-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113,
phone 03-3812-0331, fax 03-3812-0719.
North America: US $242 including carriage charges.
Springer Verlag New York Inc., Service Center Secaucus,
44, Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094, phone 212-460-1500.
All other countries: DM 338 plus carriage charges. Airmail delivery
on request only. Springer Verlag, Journal Fulfillment Department,
Heidelberger Platz 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Germany, phone 30-82071
Journals -- Machine Learning:
MACHINE LEARNING
Published 8 times annually. ISSN 0885-6125
Subscriptions: Institutions $301; Individuals $140. (AAAI Individual
Members $88)
Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
Journals -- NLP/Speech/MT:
COMPUTER SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0885-2308.
Subscriptions: Institutions $152, Individuals $70.
Academic Press Ltd., 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1, England.
MACHINE TRANSLATION
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0922-6567.
Subscriptions: Institutions $141 plus $16 postage; Individuals $55
(members of ACL $46).
Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
SPEECH TECHNOLOGY
Published quarterly, since 1981.
Media Dimensions, New York, NY, USA
NATURAL LANGUAGE & LINGUISTIC THEORY (NALA)
Published quarterly. ISSN 0167-806X
Subscriptions: Individual $59,-/Dfl.156,-; Institutional $200,-/Dfl.383,-
including p&h. Kluwer Academic Publishers
USA: Order Dept, Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358. Phone
(617) 871-6600; Fax (617) 871-6528; E-mail: Kluwer@world.std.com
Other: P.O.Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Phone (31) 78
524400; Fax (31) 78 183273; Telex: kadc nl; E-mail: vanderLinden@wkap.nl
Journals -- Neural Nets/Connectionism:
CONNECTION SCIENCE
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0954-0091.
Subscriptions: Individual $82, Institution $184, Institution (UK) 74 pounds
Carfax Publishing Company, PO Box 25, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3UE, UK.
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL NETWORKS RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS
Published quarterly. ISSN 0954-9889.
Learned Information Ltd., Woodside, Hinksey Hill, Oxford OX1 5AU, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)865-730275 Fax: +44 (0)085-736354
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEURAL SYSTEMS (IJNS)
Published quarterly. ISSN 0129-0657
Information processing in natural and artificial neural systems.
Subscriptions: Individual $42, Institution $88 (plus $9-$17 for postage)
USA: World Scientific Publishing Co., 687 Hartwell Street, Teaneck, NJ
07666, 201-837-8858; Eurpoe: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte.
Ltd., 73 Lynton Mead, Totteridge, London N20-8DH, England, (01)
4462461; Other: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Farrer
Road, P.O. Box 128, Singapore 9128, 2786188.
NEURAL COMPUTING AND APPLICATIONS
Published quarterly.
Official journal of the Neural Computing Applications Forum.
Subscriptions: #120 per annum. (Free to NCAF members.)
Springer Verlag, Service Center Secaucus, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094
Tel: 201-348-4033
Springer-Verlag, Springer House, 8 Alexandra Road, LONDON SW19 7JZ
Tel: ..44/0 81 947 1280 Fax: 0 81 947 1274
Spqringer-Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3, D-1000 BERLIN, Germany
Tel: (0)30 8207-1
NEURAL COMPUTATION
Published quarterly since 1989. ISSN 0899-7667.
MIT Press Journals, 55 Hayward Street Cambridge, MA 02142-9949, 617-253-2889
Subscriptions: Individual $45, Institution $90, Students $35. Add
$9 for foreign subscriptions.
NEURAL NETWORKS
Published 6 times annually. ISSN 0893-6080.
Official journal of the International Neural Network Society.
Subscriptions: $380
Pergamon Press, Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, UK.
Pergamon Press, Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153.
IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
Published bimonthly, since 1985, by the IEEE Control Systems Society.
(Often has articles about NNs and fuzzy systems.)
JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL SYSTEMS (JANS)
The Bellwood Research Center, 17 Briston Private, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada, K1G 5R5
Journals -- Object-oriented Programming:
OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0969-9767.
Subscriptions: Institutions US$210/120 pounds EC/130 pounds RoW
Individuals US$93/50 pounds EC/50 pounds RoW
USA/Canada: Journals Promotion Dept., Chapman & Hall, 29 West 35th
Street, New York, NY 20001-2299, USA, 212-244-3336, fax 212-244-3426,
E-mail 71201.1651@compuserve.com.
EC/RoW: Journals Promotions Dept., Chapman & Hall, 2-6 Boundary Row,
London SE1 8HN, UK, +44 (0)71-865-0066, fax +44 (0)71-522-9623, E-mail
journal@chall.mhs.compuserve.com.
JOURNAL OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
9 issues/year, since 1988.
SIGS Publications Inc., 588 Broadway, Suite 604, New York, NY 10012,
phone 212-274-0640. Order service number: 1-800-783-4903
Subscriptions: $59 individuals, $153 institutions. (Add $40 postage
for foreign orders).
Journals -- Pattern Recognition:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PATTERN RECOGNITION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Annual subscription, 1992/3, $340; individual subscription, $138. Add
$34 for airmail. Published 5 times a year by World Scientific
Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Farrer Road, PO Box 128, Singapore 9128.
(In the US, write to World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., River Edge,
NJ 07661; in Europe to World Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Totteridge,
London N20 8DH, England.)
PATTERN RECOGNITION
Journal of the Pattern Recognition Society. Members receive the
journal free of charge as part of their membership in the Society.
Institutions may subscribe for $845.
Pergamon Press, Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW, UK.
Pergamon Press, Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153.
PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS
Published 12 times annually. ISSN 0167-8655.
Official publication of the International Association for Pattern
Recognition. Subscriptions: $462 Institutions.
Elsevier Science Publishing, 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY
10017, 212-633-3827. Outside the US, contact Elsevier Science
Publishers, Attn: Ursula van Dijk, PO Box 103, 1000 AC Amsterdam, The
Netherlands, or call +31-20-5862-608.
Journals -- Reasoning Under Uncertainty:
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPROXIMATE REASONING
The treatment of Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
Published 8 times a year. ISSN 0888-613X.
Subscriptions: Institutions $282; included with NAFIPS membership
(see NAFIPS entry above).
North-Holland, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 655 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10010
Journals -- Robotics:
INDUSTRIAL ROBOT
ISSN 0143-991X
Published quarterly. $145/year
MCB University Press Limited, 62 Toller Lane, Bradford, West
Yorkshire, England BD8 9BY, (44) 274-499821, fax (44) 274-547143. In
the US, write to MCB University Press Limited, PO Box 10812,
Birmingham, AL 35201-0812, 1-800-633-4931 (1-205-995-1567), fax
1-205-995-1588.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0826-8185
Subscriptions: $165 US or 313.50 SFr. ($12 US or 22.80 SFr postage and
handling). A special rate is available to members of IASTED.
Write to ACTA Press, PO Box 354, CH-8053, Zurich, Switzerland or ACTA
Press, PO Box 2481, Anaheim, CA 92814.
IASTED is the International Association of Science and Technology for
Development. Individual memberships are $60 US or $120 SFr and
corporate memberships $100 US or $200.00 SFr. Members receive a
complimentary subscription to the journal of their choice; the annual
cost of additional journals for members is $20US/$40SFr per journal.
Write to IASTED, PO Box 25, Station G, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3A
2G1, or IASTED, PO Box 354, CH-8053, Zurich, Switzerland.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS RESEARCH
MIT Press, 28 Carleton Street, Cambridge, MA 02142
Subscriptions: $50/year to individuals
JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
Three issues per volume, $58.50 per volume (individual)
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht,
The Netherlands. In the US write to Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358,
Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
ROBOTICS TODAY
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, One SME Drive, PO Box 930,
Dearborn, MI 48121. 313-271-1500
ROBOTICS WORLD
Published quarterly.
Communication Channels, 6255 Barfield Road, Atlanta, GA 30328
404-256-9800
A magazine of flexible automation for the end-user.
They also publish the Robotics World Directory for $49.95
ROBOT (Japanese)
Industrial Robots and Application Systems
Published bimonthly.
Japan Industrial Robot Association (JIRA)
Kikai-Shinko Building, 3-5-8, Shiba-Kohen, Mina To-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo (03) 3434-2919, fax (03) 3578-1404
ROBOTICA
International Journal of Information, Education and Research
in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence.
Published quarterly, US $179/year.
Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road,
Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK. In the US write to Cambridge University Press,
Journals Department, 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211.
ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS
8 issues/year, since 1988.
Subscriptions: Dfl. 766 including postage/handling (surface delivery)
Published by Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V. Journals Department,
P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
ROBOTICS AND C.I.M.
Published quarterly, since 1984.
Pergamon Press, NY
ROBOTICS AGE
Published 1979-1985, now defunct.
Replaced by Robotics Engineering (monthly since 1986).
Journals -- User Modeling:
USER MODELING AND USER-ADAPTED INTERACTION
4 issues per annum, ISSN 0924-1868,
$153.50 p.a. ($50 for individuals)
Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht,
The Netherlands.
Journals -- Virtual Reality:
PRESENCE
Subscriptions: $50 individual, $120 institutions, $40 students/retired
(higher rates for Canada and overseas)
MIT Press Journals
55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1399
617-253-2889, fax 617-258-6779
hiscox@mitvma.mit.edu
Journals -- Vision:
MACHINE VISION AND APPLICATIONS
Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0932-8092.
Subscriptions: Institutions $106 (plus $11 p&h); Individuals $54 (incl p&h).
Springer-Verlag New York Inc., Journal Fulfillment Services, 44 Hartz
Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094, 1-800-SPRINGER.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
Published 6 times annually. ISSN 0920-5691.
Subscriptions: Institutions $229; Individuals $115. Add $8 for airmail.
Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, or Kluwer Academic Publishers, PO Box 358, Accord
Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358.
COMPUTER VISION, GRAPHICS AND IMAGE PROCESSING
Published monthly, 1983-1990, now defunct.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-2] How do I get a copy of the proceedings to conference <x>?
First, ask your librarian for help. If your local library doesn't have it,
they may be able to get it on interlibrary loan.
If you want to buy your own copy, first check with the organization that
ran the conference. See the answer to question [1-1] for a list of many of
the AI organizations that sponsor conferences.
If they can't help you, contact the Institute for Scientific Information
(ISI), and look up the proceedings in their Index to Scientific and
Technical Proceedings (ISTP volumes). You can contact the ISI at
Institute for Scientific Information, Inc.
3501 Market Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Phone: 215-386-0100
Fax: 215-386-6362
Another source for proceedings author and subject indexes is:
Directory of Published Proceedings.
Series SEMT: Science/Engineering/Medicine/Technology.
Published monthly with annual cumulations by InterDok, Harrison, NY.
ISSN 0012-3293.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-4] What are the rules for the game of "Life"?
Cellular Automata, of which Life is an example, were suggested by
Stanislaw Ulam in the 1940s, and first formalized by von Neumann.
Conway's "Game of Life" was popularized in Martin Gardner's
mathematical games column in the October 1970 and February 1971 issues
of Scientific American. (Shorter notes on life are alse given in the
column in each month from October 1970 to April 1971, and well as
November 1971, January 1972, and December 1972.) There's also quite a
bit on the game in "The Recursive Universe", by William Poundstone,
Oxford University Press, 1987, 252 pages.
The rules for the game of life are quite simple. The game board is a
rectangular cell array, with each cell either empty or filled. At each
tick of the clock, we generate the next generation by the following rules:
if a cell is empty, fill it if 3 of its neighbors are filled
(otherwise leave it empty)
if a cell is filled, it
dies of loneliness if it has 1 or fewer neighbors
continues to live if it has 2 or 3 neighbors
dies of overcrowding if it has more than 3 neighbors
Neighbors include the cells on the diagonals. Some implementations use
a torus-based array (edges joined top-to-bottom and left-to-right) for
computing neighbors.
For example, a row of 3 filled cells will become a column of 3 filled
cells in the next generation. The R pentomino is an interesting
pattern:
xx
xx
x
Try it with other patterns of 5 cells initially occupied. If you
record the ages of cells, and map the ages to colors, you can get a
variety of beautiful images.
When implementing Life, be sure to maintain separate arrays for the
old and new generation. Updating the array in place will not work
correctly.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-5] What AI competitions exist?
The Loebner Prize, based on a fund of over $100,000 established by New
York businessman Hugh G. Loebner, is awarded annually for the computer
program that best emulates natural human behavior. During the
contest, a panel of independent judges attempts to determine whether
the responses on a computer terminal are being produced by a computer
or a person, along the lines of the Turing Test. The designers of the
best program each year win a cash award and a medal. If a program
passes the test in all its particulars, then the entire fund will be
paid to the program's designer and the fund abolished. For further
information about the Loebner Prize, write Dr. Robert Epstein,
Executive Director, Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, 11
Waterhouse Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, or call 617-491-9020.
The BEAM Robot Olympics is a robot exhibition/competition started in
1991. For more information about the competition, write to BEAM Robot
Olympics, c/o: Mark W. Tilden, MFCF, University of Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada, N2L-3G1, 519-885-1211 x2454, mwtilden@watmath.uwaterloo.ca.
The Gordon Bell Prize competition recognizes outstanding achievements
in the application of parallel processing to practical scientific and
engineering problems. Entries are considered in performance,
price/performance, compiler parallelization and speedup categories,
and a total of $3,000 will be awarded. The prizes are sponsored by
Gordon Bell, a former National Science Foundation division director
who is now an independent consultant. Contestants should send a
three- or four-page executive summary to 1993 Gordon Bell Prize,
c/o Marilyn Potes, IEEE Computer Society, 10662 Los Vaqueros Cir.,
PO Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 90720-1264, before May 31, 1993.
AAAI has an annual robot building competition. The anonymous FTP site
for the contest is/was aeneas.mit.edu in pub/ACS/6.270/AAAI. This site
has the manual and the rules. To be added to the rbl-94@ai.mit.edu
mailing list for discussing the AAAI robot building contest, send mail
to rbl-94-request@ai.mit.edu. See also the 6.270 robot building guide
in part 3 of this FAQ.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-8] Commercial AI products.
Commercial Expert System Shells are listed in [6-2].
See the Robotics FAQ for information on Robotics manufacturers.
Stiquito is a small (3cm H x 7cm W x 6cm L), simple (32 parts) and
inexpensive (< $30) nitinol-propelled hexapod robot developed at the
Indiana University (Bloomington) Robotics Laboratory. Its legs are
propelled by nitnol actuator wires. Each leg has one degree of freedom.
The robot walks up to 10 centimeters per minute and can carry a 9-volt
cell, a MOSIS "tiny chip" and power transistors to drive the nitinol
actuator wires. Nitinol wire (aka BioMetal, Flexinol), is a nickel-titanium
alloy which exerts useful force as it is heated by passing a current
through it. IUCS Technical Report 363a describes Stiquito's construction
and is available by anonymous ftp from cs.indiana.edu:/pub/stiquito
(129.79.254.191) as are many other related files. The tech report is also
available by US mail for $5 (checks or money orders should be made payable
to "Indiana University") from Computer Science Department, Attn: TR 363a
215, Lindley Hall, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405. A kit
containing all the materials needed to construct a simple version of
Stiquito and its controller is available for an extra $10 from the above
address (use attn line "Stiquito Kit"). To receive a video showing the
assembly of Stiquito, include an additional $10 and add "Video" to the
"Attn:" line. Anyone may build and use Stiquitos in any quantity for
educational or research purposes, but Indiana University reserves all
rights to commercial applications. Questions about Stiquito should be sent
to Prof. Jonathan W. Mills <stiquito@cs.indiana.edu>. To join the Stiquito
mailing list run by Jon Blow of UC/Berkeley, send mail to
stiquito-request@xcf.berkeley.edu.
Togai InfraLogic, Inc. (TIL) is a supplier of fuzzy logic and fuzzy
expert system software and hardware. For more information, write to
Togai InfraLogic, Inc., 5 Vanderbilt, Irvine, CA 92718, call +1 714
975 8522, fax +1 714 975 8524, or send email to info@til.com or
til!info. TIL also supports an email-server that can be reached at
fuzzy-server@til.com or til!fuzzy-server. Send an email message that
contains just the word "help" in either the subject line or the
message body for more information. A list of products can be obtained
by sending a message that contains only the line "send products.txt"
to the email-server. For an index of the contents of the server, send
a message with the line "send index".
The following is from Risks Digest 13.83 -- I have no idea what the software
does, but Colby did head up the PARRY project:
FEELING HELPLESS ABOUT DEPRESSION? Overcoming Depression 2.0 provides
computer based cognitive therapy for depression with therapeutic
dialogue in everyday language. Created by Kenneth Mark Colby, M.D.,
Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioural Sciences, Emeritus, UCLA.
Personal Version ($199), Professional version ($499). Malibu
Artificial Intelligence Works, 25307 Malibu Rd, CA 90265.
1-800-497-6889.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-9] Glossary of AI terms.
This is the start of a simple glossary of short definitions for AI terminology.
Strong AI:
Claim that computers can be made to actually think, just like human
beings do. More precisely, the claim that there exists a class of
computer programs, such that any implementation of such a program is
really thinking.
Weak AI:
Claim that computers are important tools in the modeling and
simulation of human activity.
Case-based Reasoning:
Technique whereby "cases" similar to the current problem are
retrieved and their "solutions" modified to work on the current
problem.
Nonlinear Planning:
A planning paradigm which does not enforce a total (linear)
ordering on the components of a plan.
Admissibility:
An admissible search algorithm is one that is guaranteed to
find an optimal path from the start node to a goal node, if
one exists. In A* search, an admissible heuristic is one that never
overestimates the distance remaining from the current node to
the goal.
Fuzzy Logic:
In Fuzzy Logic, truth values are real values in the closed
interval [0..1]. The definitions of the boolean operators are
extended to fit this continuous domain. By avoiding discrete
truth-values, Fuzzy Logic avoids some of the problems inherent in
either-or judgments and yields natural interpretations of utterances
like "very hot". Fuzzy Logic has applications in control theory.
Verification:
The process of confirming that an implemented model works as intended.
Validation:
The process of confirming that one's model uses measureable inputs
and produces output that can be used to make decisions about the
real world.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: [1-10] What are the top schools in AI?
The answer to this question is not intended to be a ranking and should
not be interpreted as such. There are several major problems with
ratings like the Gourman Report and the US News and World Report. Such
rankings are often unsubstantiated and anecdotal, their accuracy is
questionable, and they do not focus on the subfields of an area. When
selecting a graduate school, students should look for schools which
not only have excellent programs in their general area of research
but also at least one faculty member whose research interests mesh
well with the student's. Accordingly, we've broken down this list
according to topic, and sorted the schools within each topic in
ALPHABETICAL ORDER.
For a school to be added to a topic area, there should at least two
faculty actively conducting research in that area and the school
should have a "good" reputation in that area. Exceptions are made for
schools which only have one faculty member in the area, but that
professor is a "leader" of the area, or for fields where the total
number of people working in the area is small in the first place. The
general idea behind these criteria is to ensure that a school has
enough activity in the area that a student who considers one of these
schools won't be disappointed if one of the faculty in that area is on
sabbatical or isn't taking students.
The best way for students to discover which schools are good in a
field is to ask professors (and graduate students) in their
undergraduate school for suggestions on where to apply. Reading the
research journals in the field is another good method (see question
[1-1]).
A list of email addresses for CS departments is posted once a month to
the newsgroup soc.college.gradinfo.
The Association for Computational Linguistics publishes a directory of
graduate programs in Computational Linguistics ($15 for members, $30
for others). Contact Donald E. Walker (ACL), Bellcore, 445 South Street
MRE 2A379, Morristown, NJ 07960, +1-201-829-4312, acl@bellcore.com
for more information.
NOTE THAT THIS LIST IS PRELIMINARY AND BY NO MEANS COMPLETE.
Please feel free to suggest schools that are particularly strong in
any of these areas, or to suggest new areas to be listed.
Schools with excellent programs in most fields:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
MIT
Stanford
Georgia Tech
Imperial College
Indiana
Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University (ILS)
Maryland
Rutgers
SUNY/Buffalo
Sussex University
Toronto
UCLA
UC/Berkeley
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Michigan
Univ. of Pittsburgh
Univ. of Rochester
Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
Yale
AI and Manufacturing:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) -- CIMDS
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Toronto
AI and Medicine:
MIT
Stanford
Univ. of Pittsburgh
AI and Legal Reasoning:
Imperial College
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Artificial Life:
Santa Fe Institute (SFI)
UCLA
Univ. of Delaware
MIT (Brooks' mobots)
Automated Deduction/Theorem Proving:
Imperial College
Stanford
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Oregon
Univ. of Texas/Austin
Case-Based Reasoning/Analogical Reasoning:
Chicago
Georgia Tech
Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University (ILS)
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Pittsburgh
Cognitive Modelling:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Georgia Tech
Indiana
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Michigan
Cognitive Science:
Brown University
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Georgia Tech
Indiana University/Bloomington
Johns Hopkins
MIT
Princeton
Rutgers
SUNY/Buffalo
Stanford
UC/Berkeley
UC/San Diego
Univ. of Colorado/Boulder
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Minnesota
Univ. of Pennsylvania
Univ. of Rochester
Connectionism/Neural Networks:
Boston University, Cognitive and Neural Systems Department (ART networks)
Brown University
CalTech
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Indiana
MIT
Ohio State Univ.
Stanford
Syracuse University
Texas A&M
Toronto
UC/Berkeley
UC/Irvine
UC/San Diego
UCLA
UNC/Chapel Hill
Univ. of Colorado/Boulder
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Helsinki
Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Pennsylvania
Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
Decision Theory and AI:
Berkeley
MIT
Stanford
Univ. of Michigan
Univ. of Washington
Distributed AI:
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Michigan
Emotion:
Carnegie Mellon University
Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University (ILS)
Fuzzy Logic:
Berkeley
Genetic Algorithms:
George Mason Univ.
Indiana
Stanford (Koza)
UC San Diego
UCLA
Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
Univ. of Michigan
Integrated AI Architectures:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Stanford
Univ. of Michigan
Intelligent Tutoring, AI & Education:
Carnegie Mellon University (Cognitive Science Department)
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University (ILS)
Univ. of Pittsburgh
Knowledge Representation:
Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University (ILS)
Stanford
SUNY/Buffalo
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Oregon
Logic Programming and Logic-based AI:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Imperial College
Stanford
UCLA
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Melbourne
Univ. of Illinois/Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)
Univ. of Oregon
Univ. of Pennsylvania
Machine Discovery:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Machine Learning:
Brown University
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
George Mason
Georgia Tech
Johns Hopkins
MIT
UCI
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Michigan
Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
Natural Language Processing (NLU, NLG, Parsing, NLI, Speech):
Brown
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Columbia
Georgia Tech
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University (ILS)
ISI
Indiana
MIT
Penn
Stanford
SUNY/Buffalo
Toronto
UCLA
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Pittsburgh
Univ. of Rochester
Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
Waterloo (stylistics, MT, discourse)
Nonmonotonic Reasoning:
Imperial College
Stanford
UCLA
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Oregon
Toronto
Philosophy of AI:
Berkeley
MIT
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Planning:
Brown University
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Imperial College
MIT
Stanford
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Oregon
Univ. of Pittsburgh
Univ. of Rochester
Univ. of Washington/Seattle
Waterloo
Production Systems/Expert Systems:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)
Stanford
Qualitative Physics and Model Based Reasoning:
Northwestern ILS (Forbus)
Univ. of Oregon
Univ. of Texas
Univ. of Washington
Reasoning Under Uncertainty (Probabilistic Reasoning, Approximate
Reasoning, etc.):
Brown University
George Mason
Oregon State University
Stanford
UCLA
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Rochester
University of South Carolina
Robotics:
Bristol Polytechnic, UK
Brown
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Georgia Tech
Harvard
Hull University, UK
MIT
Naval Postgraduate School
New York University (NYU) Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
North Carolina State Univerisity/Raleigh (NCSU)
Oxford
Purdue
Reading University, UK
Rennsalear Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
Salford University, UK
Stanford
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
UC/Berkeley
Univ. of Alberta
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Kansas
Univ. of Kentucky
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Michigan
Univ. of Paris INRIA
Univ. of Pennsylvania
Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
Univ. of Utah
Univ. of Wisconsin
Yale
Search:
UCLA
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Oregon
Temporal Reasoning:
Imperial College
Virtual Reality:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Cal Arts
Columbia
Florida Institute of Technology
MIT Media Lab
Naval Postgraduate School
Naval Research Lab
RPI
Stanford
Syracuse
Toronto
UIUC
Univ. of Alberta, Banff
Univ. of Central Florida
Univ. of Geneva
Univ. of North Carolina/Chapel Hill (UNC)
Univ. of Tokyo
Univ. of Virginia (UVA)
Univ. of Washington/Seattle -- HIT Lab
Vision:
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)
Columbia
Johns Hopkins
MIT
SUNY/Buffalo
UCLA
Univ. of Edinburgh
Univ. of Maryland/College Park
Univ. of Massachusetts/Amherst
Univ. of Rochester
Univ. of Southern California & USC/Information Sciences Institute
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Subject: [1-11] How can I get the email address for Joe or Jill Researcher?
The AAAI membership directory is updated annually and contains
addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses for many members of AAAI
and other AI societies. Contact info@aaai.org for information on
getting a copy of the directory (you should get a free copy if you are
a member of one of the listed societies).
See also the Email Address FAQ posting to the newsgroups soc.college
and soc.net-people.
The Artificial Intelligence and Molecular Biology Researchers database
contains names, institutions, addresses, phone, fax, email,
research interests and other related information about more than 200
researchers worldwide. The database is available via anonymous ftp from the
host lhc.nlm.nih.gov in the directory /pub/aimb-db. There are computer- and
human- readable versions available. Get the README file for more
information or send email to Larry Hunter, <hunter@nlm.nih.gov>.
E-mail addresses for members of the Linguistics Society of America
(LSA) are available by anonymous ftp as
linguistics.archive.umich.edu:linguistics/LSA.email.list
or by sending a message to listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu with
"get lsa lst linguist" in the message body.
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;;; *EOF*