Usenet 1994 January/usenetsourcesnewsgroupsinfomagicjanuary1994.iso/answers/greek-faq/technical

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Newsgroups: soc.culture.greek,soc.answers,news.answers
Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!news.kei.com!eff!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!EU.net!news.forth.gr!news.ntua.gr!nfotis
From: [e-mail] (Nick C. Fotis)
Subject: (21 Dec 93) Soc.Culture.Greek FAQ - Technical Information
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Followup-To: poster
Lines: 1544
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Nick (Nikolaos) Fotis)
Organization: National Technical Univ. of Athens
Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 22:13:26 GMT
Approved: [e-mail]
Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu soc.culture.greek:29465 soc.answers:725 news.answers:16049

Archive-name: greek-faq/technical
Last-modified: 1993/12/21

Soc.Culture.Greek Frequently Asked Questions and Answers
========================================================
(Technical Information)
=======================
Last Change: 26 September 1993

Many FAQs, including this one, are available on the archive site
rtfm.mit.edu [18.70.0.209] in the directory pub/usenet/news.answers.
The name under which a FAQ is archived appears in the Archive-name
line at the top of the article.
This FAQ is archived as greek-faq/technical

There's a mail server on that machine. You send a e-mail message to
[e-mail]  containing the keyword "help" (without
quotes!) in the message body.


Items Changed:
--------------

--------------

Lines which got changed, have the `#' character in front of them.
Added lines are prepended with a `+'
Removed lines are just removed. Use 'diff' to locate these changes.

I have included my comments within braces '[' and ']'.

Nikolaos Fotis

========================================================================

This text is (C)Copyright 1992, 1993 of Nikolaos C. Fotis. You can copy
freely this file, provided you keep this copyright notice intact.

Compiled by Nikolaos (Nick) C. Fotis, e-mail: [e-mail]

Please contact me for updates,corrections, etc.

Disclaimer: that's only a hasty collection of texts and information as I
(or other people) remember it, so this file is worth only what you paid
for it (and even less! ;-) )

========================================================================

First, I wish to thank publicly the following people:

Spiros Triantafyllopoulos <[e-mail]>
P." Iatroudakis           <[e-mail]>
Achilles Voliotis         <[e-mail]>
Yiannis Moschovakis       <[e-mail]>

for their help in making the initial list more clear and complete.

Second, that's only a hasty collection of texts and information as I
(or other people) remember it, so this file is worth only what you paid for it
(and even less! ;-) )

Subjects:
=========

1. What is the Soc.Culture.Greek newsgroup??
        a. Newsgroup charter
        b. Network etiquette.
        c. How does one receive soc.culture.greek without USENET access??
2. What's needed in order to have Greek characters in my computer?
        a. PCs
        b. PCs with MS Windows
        c. Mac
    d. Amiga
    e. Atari
        f. Other
3. Internet/BITNET/UUCP sites in Greece?
    a. InterNet sites
    b. BITNET/EARN sites
    c. UUCP sites
    d. Internet providers
4. What standards exist for inclusion of Greek characters into ASCII text?
5. How do I typeset greek with troff/TeX/WP/... ??
    a. TeX/LaTeX
    b. Other typesetting systems
6. Greek fonts into X Windows
7. Backgammon servers [ New - Moved from cultural part ]

Proposed future subjects:
[ Please send me info to stuff these subjects!! -- nfotis]

[any ideas/info/... ??]

==============

I ask the people to send me stuff in order to make this file more
complete. I'm just a kind of editor, and I cannot know everything.

YOU'll determine if this FAQ is good or not!

======================================================================

1. What is the Soc.Culture.Greek newsgroup??
============================================

a. Newsgroup charter
====================

[ From David Lawrence: ]

soc.culture.greek predates news.groups. The only description that can be
found is:

soc.culture.greek           Newsgroup about Greeks

[ So, we could codify ourselves a 'defacto' charter. Does anyone want to
  submit stuff here? ]


b. Network etiquette
====================
[ Excerpted from Eugene Miya's Draft FAQ in comp.graphics.visualization: ]

We assume you have read news.announce.newusers and that you understand
network informalities.  This group is not moderated, and this is one
experiment in self-moderation (education).

If you have questions, ask you system administrator.  If you are the system
administrator, use MAIL, and ask your net neighbors.

Do not post TESTS here.  Special testing groups exist to acknowledge your
posts.  Test in misc.test, or in your locale: e.g., ba.test, ca.test, na.test,
etc.

Some people believe the charter should be posted.  The name of the group
should sufficiently convey the purpose of this group.

Flame wars: 1) Flame using mail.  Failing that 2) Cut down on the number
of groups in your Newsgroups: line.  3) Use Followup-To: a line with
fewer newsgroups.  Make certain you read all posts before responding, the net
is asynchronous enough as it is: the History of Dumb posts includes such
titles as
"What time is it?"  "The Space Shuttle blew up!" and "California just had an
earthquake."  See your local broadcast news.

Attribution: (Those lines frequently beginning with ">")  MINIMIZE.
Especially: don't post "Me, too" posts after 100 lines of attribution.
Remove especially long sigatures at the bottoms of posts.
Use email.  Show that you are intelligent and net savvy in your postings.
Edit carefully.

[If you feel that the ratio of inflammatory or relevant posts is too high for
 your tastes, go read the manual of your news reader in the section of kill
 files. This way, you can customize your news reader to not bother you with
 messages from certain people, or which contain particular keywords in their
 headers. This way, you can avoid all the headache associated with such posts -
 not a minor thing - nfotis ]

======================================================================

c. How does one receive soc.culture.greek without USENET access??
=================================================================

Send a mail with subject "help post" to [e-mail]
or do a "finger [e-mail]"

======================================================================


2. What's needed in order to have Greek characters in my computer?
==================================================================

a. PCs
======

[ The following information applies for AT-like PCs. For PS/2s, things
 are somewhat different, but I don't know many details -- nfotis ]

For english in GENERAL, you will have either a software or hardware solution:

For Monochrome, Hercules, and CGA your only hope is a Greek Chip Character
Generator. It is usually supplied by the Greek PC vendors. If you buy the
PC elsewhere (i.e. in the US) and bring it to Greece, tough.

For EGA/VGA, there are plenty of user-defined fonts around. In Greece,
your vendor will typically supply with one, or there are free versions.
All it really is is the software version of the Character Chip.

In either case, the Greek Characters take over the high bytes (128+)
of the extended ASCII set the PC uses and replace the funny symbols
umlauts, funny puncuation, etc) with Greek letters. In the first case it
is done in hardware, second in software. Then there is a TSR program loaded
at boot time that switches (i.e. ALT-SHIFT toggles between the two.
This program is also supplied by the vendor.

A third SLOW case for CGA/Herc machines is to use SOFT fonts, i.e. characters
done in graphics mode. Extremely slow but inexpensive. A good Shareware
Greek word processor works that way. Details below.

This way you get to type greek to programs like text editors. When the text
is saved (extended or 8 bit text) you'll see the funny characters that
Greek is represented by.

Same deal with printers, i.e. the PRINTER character chip will have the extended
ascii set to include Greek. So when you print a file using DOS print, it will
come up OK. Alternatively, printers that handle soft (downloadable) fonts,
can download the fonts and then you print as usual.

A good word processor for Greek (and many other non english languages) is
INTEXT12. It can be found at various US ftp sites (oak.oakland.edu under
editors directory). Accepts the common denominator (herc/cga) and uses soft
fonts. Works OK for things like letters etc though I would not try anything
like a college thesis with it.

Commercial systems:
For more $$$, you can buy NOTA BENE (i believe) which has a very good Greek
mode for $500 or so. Several small vendors advertise Greek WP systems typically
in the back of, say, PC Magazine or Byte. Prices are in the $150-$500 range.
Also, the WordPerfect distributor here has made a Greek version of the software
and the manuals. PCwrite also does works well with Greek letters.


b. PCs with MS Windows
======================

WinGreek (1.7 is the latest version): Greek-Hebrew Fonts/Accenter/Conv CCAT
for Win3. It's shareware and includes:

-Screen Fonts for Hercules, EGA, VGA & 8514
-Printer fonts for 9pin & 24pin Printers, HP LaserJets & Postscript.
-Utilities for Entering Accents (European Languages & Greek) and
      Converting between File Formats (WinGreek <=CCAT).

New in version 1.8: New Greek Font and New Versions of Utilities.

New in version 1.7: Coptic / Greek / Hebrew TrueType Font for Windows 3.1
                    TrueType For All Printers Supported by Windows 3.1.

author: Peter Gentry <[e-mail]>

Several font vendors also supply their own fonts with ATM and TrueType. You can
also use the SYMBOL fonts which looks kind of silly (i.e. troff) but works
if everything else fails.

With the advent of Windows 3.1, the existing problem of printing to
IBM-speaking printers will be eliminated via the downloaded font system.
(The printers here in general know only the old IBM-PC character set, while
the MS Windows had ELOT-928 - you may guess the confusion that arose and
the need for more filters ;-) )

From: Jeff Beneker <[e-mail]>
------------------------------------------

 There's a CLASSICS mailing list, for discussing Greek Classics and Latin.
 From this list I got info about Greek fonts on PCs, etc.

 [To subscribe on the list, send an e-mail message to
         [e-mail]
  with the following line on the body of the message:

 SUBSCRIBE CLASSICS Your_Real_Name
 ]

 [ Be warned: the stuff *is* out of date! I got it last September... - nfotis ]

 >From: [e-mail]

 For those using Windows 3.1, a Classical Greek font is in the works at
 Monotype -- about one month from publication.  From what I'm told, it will
 be a PS font but not TrueType.  I suggested to them that they create also a
 Latin font that would have macrons.  I think thiskwould make a very
 marketable classical package.  In the meantime, how do Windows users solve
 the macron problem?  I'm using the circumflex vowels in the extended
 C as a sort of makeshift solution.  Maybe a few phone calls to
 Monotype would encourage them to help us out.  Call 1-800-MONOTYPE and express
 your ideas to sales manager Steve Kuhlman.


 >From: Oliver Phillips <PHILLIPS%UKANVM.BITNET>

 Yes, you can run Greek on a an IBM compatible provided it and its
 monitor have VGA capabilities, 386 (perhaps 286) or higher.  I
 run Windows 3.1 (3.0 will do), Word for Windows (hereinafter
 WinWord).  With the Pharos search program came packaged the
 WinGreek Greek and Hebrew fonts, with full diacriticals visible
 on the screen--only one Greek font, however, though suiting
 my needs perfectly.  WinGreek will only work with WinWord
 though can be used independently of Pharos.

 Get WinGreek from Peter Gentry at 55 Ambercroft Blvd., Scarborough,
 Ontario, Canada M1W 2z6, [e-mail].  $35.00 Yankee
 dollar, as I recall.   Andrew Fountain distibutes it in the UK, but
 I don't have his address.

 Get Pharos 0.2 (bundled with WinGreek) by anonymous ftp from
 the University of California at Santa Barbara--but I don't
 have the Internet address.  To get it by smail on disk send
 $15.00 to

 Dan Thibodeau
 Department of Classics
 Santa Barbara, CA 93106
 805-893-3556

 For ftp instructions contact him at [e-mail] or
 [e-mail]

 [ WinGreek is mentioned elsewhere ]

c. Mac
======
[ Major correction here ]

From: [e-mail]
------------------------------------------

  I am a Mac user, and I noted an error on your FAQ. It suggests that Greek
  Macs have a special ROM.  This is not the case (as you could've guessed,
  Apple isn't interested in producing 100 versions of 3 different ROMs).
  Foreign-language is implemented through different versions of
  the System, and are really only very minor modifications to
  the System (just changing the menus and dialog boxes). The
  keyboard translations are done through keyboard files, which
  can be added to any system (so any system can be bilingual or
  trilingual, etc., except you would need to mark up the keyboard).
  Anyway, each international version of the system comes with the
  proper keyboard installed, and you can add them as you please,etc.

  All Apple systems up through 7.01 were free; there was a $35 charge
  for 7.1 or if you were upgrading from an older system and wanted
  to have the manuals.   In any case, anyone can still get ANY
  version of System 7.01 for free.  Most international versions
  are available from FTP.APPLE.COM (under software/mac/sys.soft)
  via anonymous FTP.  However, I'm not sure the Greek one is on there.
  In any case, anyone should be able run it, provided they have
  the proper uptodate version.

  In any case, I'd recommend for most people in the US to just
  use "Symbol" if they want to type in Greek every so often. If
  they are in Greece, just copy the system disks and reinstall
  the new system.

-- end

  The MacOS is completely hellenized (menus, messages, etc.) and basic
applications are also hellenized and available with Greek font support
(eg. MS Word). If you have already a machine, and you want to add Greek
support, there are other solutions:


From: John Amanatides <[e-mail]>
-----------------------------------------

1) Linguist's Software has typefaces for a wide variety of world
  languages and gives several options for those interested in Greek.
  First, you can purchase the Greek operating system for the Mac version
  6.0.3 (yes, those menus are now in Greek).  This includes GrTimes and
  GrHelvetica (Type 3) as well as several bit-mapped system fonts.
  Second, if you just want to use Greek on your Mac, they offer GrTimes
  and GrHelvetica in both Type1 and TrueType along with a keyboard driver
  for System 7 (this is the same keyboard layout as the Greek OS; the
  advantages of this is that you can exchange documents with Greek
  Macs).  Finally, they have their own TrueType and Type1 typefaces in
  the LaserGreek package: SumbolGreek, Graeca+Graeca-Oblique,
  SSuperGreek.  These are of particular interest to Greek scholars since
  they include extra dicriticals for ancient/N.T. Greek.  LaserGreek +
  Greek OS is $130, LaserGreek + GrTimes, GrHelvetica, and System 7
  keyboard driver) is $140.

    Linguist's Software
    PO Box 580
    Edmonds, WA 98020-0580
    USA
    [phone]

2) MacCampus of Germany provides Greek and other Eastern European
  typefaces.  The Greek typefaces come in two flavours: those that are
  based on the official Apple Greek keyboard layout (for both Greek OS
  Macs, and others when they have the appropriate keyboard driver) and
  those based on the Symbol font layout.  MacCampus provides a keyboard
  driver so that you can use the former type on non-Greek Macs.
  The typefaces available are:

    Modern Greek (Greek layout):
        GrTimes, GrHelvetica, GrCourier

    Classical Greek (extra diacritics, Symbol layout):
        Agora (serif, like GrTimes), Parmenides (light, sans-serif)

  MacCampus typefaces are distributed by FontShop, which has offices in
  many countries.  The North American address is:

    FontShop 401 Wellington St. West,
    Toronto, Ontario
    Canada M5V 1E8
    [phone]

  Their international address is:

    FontShop Berlin
    Bergmannsr. 102
    D10961 Berlin
    Germany
    [phone]


In general, you press the left-clover and Space keys to toggle
between Greek and English keyboard.

  The 'left-clover' key  is known in the Mac community as 'Command'
key. The trick should also work with the right Command-key on the Apple
Extended Keyboard. What happens when you do this is that you toggle the
'Keyboard' cdev (control device) from english to the local language. This
resides in the System Folder, and in theory you could rotate between more
than two keyboard mappings--e.g., greek, english, german and spanish. With
system 7 there is the inherent capability to include all available
'Keyboard' resources in a menu on the right side of the menu-bar of the
Finder, so that one could change the current setting easily. This has not
yet been fully implemented. If and when it does it will not affect the
individual application resources, in other words applications that are not
hellenized will not automatically become so.


d. Amiga
=========

Amiga: there was a half-hearted attempt to implement Greek character sets
in the upper 128 positions. I don't know the current status of affairs in
this matter.

There are ELOT-928 and IBM-437 fonts floating around here. We hope that
CBM will have official Greek character support. I use currently an
8-bit clean version of 'vi' editor (elvis) with one of these fonts.

[ A netter offered his additions : ]
The Amiga always supported different fonts. I always write my greek letters
in a symbol font. But there are programs that support Adobe fonts and import
fonts from the MAC and IBM line of computers.
On top of that it is very easy to edit your own font.
Using most terminal programs is a question of selecting a menu entry and
you can get a diffrent font display on screen. Amiga also supports LaTex,
Postcript.
Also on a final note the latest version of the operating system (2.1?) you
can select the language you want and the Menu entries occur in the language
you wish (Translated not just change of fonts), easy script files can be
written and a click of a function key and you can swap between fonts.
So in general all Word processors, text editors, in fact all software
supports Greek ....

e. Atari:
=========
[ From: [e-mail] (Johannis Likos) ]

[ For further details about Greek on Atari or about
  'Human Aided Machine Translation' (computerized translation
  of documents [ASCII text files] from/to Greek to/from other
  European languages), contact him at the address:

  Johannis Likos
  Rusthollarintie 13 F 46
  FIN-00910 Helsinki
  Finland  ]

A. Keyboard Layout
------------------

 GREEK20B.ACC
 Accessory made by Gizis & Statharas for all
 Ataris with TOS 1.4 and can be purchased from the
 'Atari Club' in Athina/Pireas or from 'Soft Support' in
 Thessaloniki.
 This Accessory emulates somehow Greek typewriter by using
 SHIFT, ALTERNATE and CONTROL keys in various combinations
 in order to switch between Latin and Greek characters.
 Additionally accented (tonoumena) and/or umlauted (dialytika)
 small and capital characters are supported.
 It is not recommended for MultiTOS and/or Falcon030.
 Use only G+Plus as GDOS driver.

 FSWITCH 2.0
 Accessory distributed by 'The ST Club' in UK is
 made for Ataris with TOS 1.4 and it supports even oriental
 Keyboards (writing from right to left).
 It is very useful for companies in Greece and Cyprus, which
 are making business with the Arab world in North Africa and
 in Middle East.
 The Greek keyboard file for FSWITCH 2.0 you can get either
 from me ([e-mail]) or you edit it yourself.
 By using key combinations (ALT, SHIFT, etc.) can be switched
 between Greek, Latin and Arab (also Persian and Hebrew).
 It is not recommended for MultiTOS and/or Falcon030.

 HARLEKIN 3.0
 Accessory distributed by 'Maxon GmbH' in Germany
 and the latest release is made for all TOS versions.
 So far it uses only UNSHIFTED, SHIFTED and CAPS LOCK and
 therefore it doesn't conflict with MultiTOS and/or AES 4.0
 and many various keyboard modules can be re-loaded.
 The Greek keyboard module for HARLEKIN 3.0 you can get
 either from me ([e-mail]) or you edit it yourself.

B. Screen Fonts
---------------

 GREEK20B.ACC
 Accessory made by Gizis & Statharas for all
 Ataris with TOS 1.4 and can be purchased from the
 'Atari Club' in Athina/Pireas or from 'Soft Support' in
 Thessaloniki.
 This Accessory includes 6x6 icon fonts 8x8 screen fonts
 for ST colour (color) resolutions and 8x16 screen fonts
 for ST monochrome resolution with 8-bit Greek IBM characters.
 It is not recommended for MultiTOS and/or Falcon030.
 Use only G+Plus as GDOS driver.

 FSWITCH 2.0
 Accessory distributed by 'The ST Club' in UK is
 made for Ataris with TOS 1.4 preferrably in monochrome mode.
 The Greek screen font files for FSWITCH 2.0 you can get
 either from me ([e-mail]) or you edit them yourself.
 It is not recommended for MultiTOS and/or Falcon030.

 HARLEKIN 3.0
 Accessory distributed by 'Maxon GmbH' in Germany
 and the latest release is made for all TOS versions.
 The Greek screen fonts module for HARLEKIN 3.0 you can get
 either from me ([e-mail]) or you edit it yourself.

 MultiTOS 1.0
 (MiNT & Multitasking AES 4.x) can use alternative
 Greek screen fonts in GDOS format by defining the AE_FONTID
 in the GEM.CNF file.

 SIGNUM 3.0
 Application, distributed by 'Application Systems
 Heidelberg GmbH' in Germany contains an application-specific
 Classic Greek (APXAIA) font set for Theology students.

 CALAMUS N/S/SL
 Greek (PKS) Editor window (8x16 pixel).
 For further details, please, contact me ([e-mail]).

C. Printer Fonts (HP-DeskJet/LaserJet/PaintJet, SLM-406/605/804)
----------------

 Diablo630 bitmapped GDOS fonts for Greek 8-bit ASCII text
 only for Atari laser printers with DMA port, such as SLM804.

 FontGDOS
 bitmapped GDOS fonts for Greek GEM-Metafile output.

 G+Plus
 is the only FontGDOS compatible driver, which works
 propperly with GREEK20B.ACC, because FontGDOS, SpeedoGDOS
 or AMCGDOS with GREEK20B.ACC will cause boot problems.

 SIGNUM 3.0
 Application, distributed by 'Application Systems
 Heidelberg GmbH' in Germany, contains an application-specific
 Classic Greek (polytonic) font upto 300/360 dpi in a special
 font library collection (maybe PD or shareware?!).

 CALAMUS N/S/SL
 has more than five application-specific
 Greek (monotonic) font families with upto 2540 dpi output
 resolution on phototypesetters (Linotronic, etc.).
 I have some self-made, if you need then contact me
 ([e-mail]).

 PageStream 2.2
 uses Adobe Type 1 font technology and all you
 need are the AFM and BFM files for the 7-bit Symbol font set
 with math symbols and Greek characters in Times/Roman style.

 SpeedoGDOS
 uses Bitstream FaceLift font technology and all
 you need is the SPD file for the 7-bit Symbol font set with
 math symbols and Greek characters in Swiss/Helvetica style.
 It is so far the best Scalable Font Technology on Atari
 comparable to TrueType on Windows.
 Any text size in a GEM-Metafile can be displayed on screen
 or printed on paper.

 MultiTeX 5.1
 on Atari is using only the standard Greek
 characters as math symbols but not as plain text.
 The problem of accents, spirits, hyphenation and other
 Greek language-specific topics are still unsolved.
 So, if someone has any solution for modern Greek (monotonic)
 or even ancient Greek (polytonic) on other platforms, please,
 contact me ([e-mail]), to find out how much work is
 to be done for porting it to Atari's TeX environment.

D. Font Editors
---------------

 FontKitPlus 3.4
 distributed by 'The ST Club' in UK, offers
 the possibility to edit screen fonts and printer fonts.
 It contains many features, such as re-scaling of bitmapped
 fonts for other output devices.
 The resulting screen fonts can be used either with FSWITCH
 or with MultiTOS or with other GDOS conform applications.

 METAFONT
 for Atari's TeX (MultiTeX 5.1)

 SIGNUM 3.0
 Application, distributed by 'Application Systems
 Heidelberg GmbH' in Germany, contains an application-specific
 font editor in order to design your own bitmapped font style
 for screen and printer devices.

 DMC
 TypeArt/FontEdit and Didot Accessory for creating
 application-specific scalable fonts for CALAMUS N/S/SL.

[ Attention:
  Some of the above mentioned products concerning Greek and Atari
  are either commercial or authorware or shareware or public
  domain or protected by other copyright or copyleft agreements. ]


f. Other
========

[ Other machines?? Anyone who knows more here?? -- nfotis ]

======================================================================

3. Internet/BITNET/UUCP University sites in Greece?
===================================================

General Notes (Mail gateways):
------------------------------

If you don't know how to access eg. a machine in BITNET while
you're on the InterNet, call your sysadmins for help.
I summarize here the most often asked question:

Q: I want to contact a person in , eg. GRPATVX1 in BITNET. How do I send
        mail to user@GRPATVX1 ?

A1: If your site has a smart configuration, it's enough to add the .BITNET
    domain name in the receiver's addres, ie. [e-mail]

(failing that:)
A2: Send the mail via a BITNET-InterNet gateway site, eg. via rice.edu as:
        [e-mail]
  Another good guess is a BITNET site close to the national BITNET gateway, eg.
        [e-mail] (via the Greek Inet gateway)

Similarly for registered Greek UUCP sites, use:

        [e-mail]

I want to stress that this is a usual *kludge* (ie. de facto usage). Don't
expect a BITNET site to use exactly these conventions. Use FAX/Phone to make an
initial contact with the sysadmins or the person you want to contact.

a. InterNet sites
=================

(Use your nameservers to find actual IP numbers! These change every day..)

From: [e-mail] (Georgios Petrides)
--------------------------------

Officially registered Second Level domains under gr

Academic domains:
----------------
Univ. of Thessaloniki
auth.gr         345600  IN      NS      aliakmon.cperi.forth.gr (139.91.114.4)

Democretion University of Thrace
duth.gr         345600  IN      NS      minos.cc.uch.gr         (147.52.80.1)

National Technical Univ. of Athens
ntua.gr         86400   IN      NS      theseas.ntua.gr         (147.102.1.1)

Univ. of Crete
uch.gr          345600  IN      NS      cyprus.csd.uch.gr       (147.52.16.1)
ucr.gr          345600  IN      NS      minos.cc.uch.gr         (147.52.80.1)

Computer Technology Institute (Patras)
cti.gr          172800  IN      NS      leon.cti.gr             (150.140.2.3)

Technica Ekpedeutika Idrymata
tei.gr          172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr    (139.91.1.1)

Technical Univ of Chania
tuc.gr          86400   IN      NS      omalos.ced.tuc.gr       (147.27.1.1)

Research Center/ Technology Parks' domains:
------------------------------------------
forth.gr        345600  IN      NS      terpsi.csi.forth.gr     (139.91.1.17)
techpath.gr     172800  IN      NS      aliakmon.cperi.forth.gr (139.91.114.4)

Network organization domains:
-----------------------------
ariadne-t.gr    172800  IN      NS      isosun.ariadne-t.gr     (143.233.1.1)
y-net.gr        172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr    (139.91.1.1)

Company networks:
----------------
ambit.gr        172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr    (139.91.1.1)
eetaa.gr        86400   IN      PTR     0.177.107.192.in-addr.arpa
elsypnet.gr     172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr
intracom.gr     172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr
intranet.gr     86400   IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.GR
knossos.gr      172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr

Amateur networks:
----------------
fdnet.gr        172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr
fidonet.gr      172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr
intlnet.gr      172800  IN      NS      ariadne.csi.forth.gr


University of Cyprus
--------------------
jupiter.cca.ucy.cy   345594 IN       A       193.92.92.33


Greek Anonymous FTP sites
-------------------------
pythia.csi.forth.gr (139.91.1.1)  Institute of Comp. Science,FORTH (Heraklion)
(NOTE: pythia is the new name for ariadne!)
ftp.csd.uch.gr      (147.52.16.2)  University Of Crete    (Heraklion)
jupiter.cca.ucy.cy  (193.92.92.33) University Of Cyprus   (Lefkosia)
leon.cti.gr         (150.140.2.3)  Computer Technology Institute (Patras)
leon.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr  (143.233.2.1) NRCPS Demokritos (Athens)

login : anonymous
passwd: e-mail address

Greek Gopher servers:
---------------------
Type    gopher <host>  to connect to:

pythia.csi.forth.gr (139.91.1.1) -- Institute of Comp. Science  (Heraklion)
gopher.csd.uch.gr (147.52.16.2)  -- University Of Crete, C.S. dept. (Heraklion)
leon.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr  (143.233.2.1) -- NRCPS Demokritos (Athens)

(There's also an X11 interface, called xgopher)

Info from Stelios Sartzetakis ([e-mail]>:

>I'm the network manager of the Internet gateway to Greece
>here in Heraklio-Crete at FORTH (see documentation at anon
>ftp ariadne.csi.forth.gr under ~ftp/FORTH/ICS/PROFILE)
>
>The Internet connected sites in Greece is mainly academic
>and R&D departments of some companies.
>
>There is a fidonet gateway machine in Thessaloniki, which is
>connected to us (more info [e-mail])
>
>more info from the managers of the various domains under .gr
>([e-mail] for example for the National Technical
>Univ of Athens etc.)

There's also an X.25 network called network ARIADNE. The network is based
at NRC Demokritos, and they are gatewayed to the InterNet via the machine
leon.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr [143.233.2.1]. NTUA has also a connection to this
network via PADs.
In the machine isosun.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr [143.233.1.1] there's also an
account "pythia" (no passwd), which runs a BBS-like information system
about the ARIADNE network.

b. BITNET/EARN sites
====================

I have found an article from [e-mail] (Karl Schmuck [Bib])
last November, which described the results of a search in the
bitearn-database at [e-mail].
I have edited it somewhat, but I left (I hope) all the necessary information
inside. Note that some of these machines have also InterNet addresses
(at least for mail)

/* here's his query */
> sel * in bitearn where country contains gr
--> Database BITEARN, 12 hits.

Node: ARIADNE
Internet: ariadne.csi.forth.gr
Nodedesc: FORTH-Computer Science Institute
P_dakosmid: Damianos Kosmidis;Damian@ariadne;+30 81 229302,229368
P_dkosmidi: Damianos Kosmidis;Damian@ariadne;+30 81 221171,229368
P_ssartzet: Stelios Sartzetakis;STELIOS@ARIADNE;+30 81 229302,221171
Netop: p_dakosmid
Useradm: p_ssartzet
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Node: GRATHDEM
A_member: Computer Center;153 10 Agia Paraskeuei Attikis;Athens Greece
Admin: p_akostopo
Dir: p_aarvilia
Nodedesc: EKEFE-Demokritos
P_aarvilia: ALEXIS ARVILIAS;AMBER@GRATHDEM
P_akostopo: A. Kostopoulos;KOSTOP@GRATHDEM

Node: GRATHUN1
A_member: University of Athens,;Computer Center,  Building T.Y.P.A;University Campus;Ilissia, Athens, Greece
Admin: p_sgrathun
Dir: p_svanakar
Nodedesc: University of Athens
P_sgrathun: STAVROS GRATHUN1;STAVROS@GRATHUN1;[phone]
P_svanakar: Stavros Vanakaris;STAVROS@GRATHUN1;[phone]
P_00000001: STAVROS;STAVROS@GRATHUN1
P_00000004: INSTALL;INSTALL@GRATHUN1
Netop: p_00000004

Node: GRCRUN11
Nodedesc: University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
P_operator: Operator;OPERATOR@GRCRUN11;[phone] ext.26
P_ptzortza: P. Tzortzakis;POSTMAST@GRCRUN11;[phone]
P_00000001: POSTMAST;POSTMAST@GRCRUN11
Netop: p_operator
Useradm: p_ptzortza

Node: GRCRVAX1
A_member: University of Crete;Ampelokipi;Heraklion, Crete;Greece
Admin: p_jfragiad
Dir: p_jfragiad
Nodedesc: University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
P_jfragiad: J. Fragiadakis;JFRAGIAD@GRCRVAX1;[phone]
Netop: p_operator
Internet: minos.cc.uch.gr

Node: GREARN
A_member: Research Center of Crete;P.O. Box 527;Heraklion, Crete;Greece
Admin: p_ptzortza
Dir: p_sorphano
Internet: grearn.csi.forth.gr
Nodedesc: Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas
P_operator: Operator;OPERATOR@GREARN;[phone] ext.26
P_ptzortza: P. Tzortzakis;PANTELIS@GREARN;[phone]
P_sorphano: S. Orphanoudakis;ORPHICS@GREARN;[phone]
P_00000001: POSTMAST;POSTMAST@GREARN
Netop: p_operator

Node: GRGBOX
Internet: grgbox.csi.forth.gr
Nodedesc: FORTH-Computer Science Institute
P_00000001: Pantelis Tzortzakis pantelis;Pantelis Tzortzakis [e-mail]
P_00000002: Pantelis Tzortzakis   Pantelis;Pantelis Tzortzakis   [e-mail] [phone]
Techinfo: p_00000001
Useradm: p_00000001 p_00000002
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Node: GRIMBB
Nodedesc: Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
P_00000001: SYSTEM;SYSTEM@GRIMBB
Useradm: p_00000001
Internet: Nefelh.cc.uch.gr

Node: GRIOANUN
A_member: University Campus;Dourouti;GR 45110 Ioannina; GREECE
Admin: p_paslanis
Dir: p_sdanielo
Member: UNiversity of Ioannina
P_paslanis: Panos J. Aslanis;UOIC02@GRIOANUN;30-651-91298
P_sdanielo: Stylianos Danielopoulos;E270A01@GRIOANUN;30-651-91807
P_00000003: CDCE;CDCE@GRIOANUN
Netop: p_00000003

Node: GRPATEI
Nodedesc: Technological Institute  of Patra
Phone: [phone]
P_1: Marios Xatziprokopiou;manager@grpatei;[phone]
Site: Technological Education Institute of Patra
A_site: TEI Patras;Koukouli Patra;Greece
Dir: P_1
Admin: P_1
Techinfo: P_1
Useradm: P_2
P_2: ;postmast@grpatei
P_mxatzipr: Marios Xatziprokopiou;manager@grpatei;[phone]
P_mzatzipr: Marios Xatziprokopiou;manager@grpatei;[phone]
P_postmast: ;postmast@grpatei

Node: GRPATVX1
A_member: P.O. BOX 1122, 26110 Patras, Greece
Admin: p_kkaranas
Dir: p_thadzila
Member: University of Patras
Nodedesc: Computer Technology Institute, Univ. of Patras, GREECE
P_kkaranas: Kostas Karanasios;NETMGR@GRPATVX1;[phone]
P_ngrpatvx: NETMGR GRPATVX1;NETMGR@GRPATVX1;[phone]
P_thadzila: Prof. Thanasis  Hadzilacos;THH@GRPATVX1;[phone]
Netop: p_ngrpatvx

Node: GRTHEUN1
Internet: ossa.ccf.auth.gr (155.207.1.2)
A_member: Aristotelion University;Computer Center;Thessaloniki Greece
Admin: p_mgrtheun
Dir: p_pargyrak
Nodedesc: University of Thessaloniki
P_mgrtheun: MAINT GRTHEUN1;MAINT@GRTHEUN1;[phone]
P_pargyrak: Panos Argyrakis;CACZ11@GRTHEUN1
P_00000003: OPERATOR;OPERATOR@GRTHEUN1
Netop: p_00000003

c. UUCP sites
=============

[ I found a map of UUCP sites in Greece in rtfm.mit.edu:
/pub/usenet/comp.mail.maps. Here follows an edited listing:
(I removed obviously out of date entries, because the last update was
at 19 Feb '91 -- you can route mail to any of these sites through ariadne) ]

ariadne:
(IP gateway also): ariadne.uucp = ARIADNE.BITNET
Check above for details about ariadne (in the IP nodes list).

aello:
Dimitris Hatzopoulos, [e-mail], [phone],
121 Tsimiski Street, GR-546 21  Thessaloniki, Greece
FidoNet nodes 2:410/1 2:410/0 2:41/0 - Network Host system for Greece.
This is a FidoNet <-> UUCP/Internet gateway site serving the FidoNet
nodes of Greece.  (FidoNet Region 41 - Network 410)

algo:
Algosystems sa
Dimitris Verikios, [e-mail], [phone], 9345858, x9352873,
Sygrou 183, Athens, Greece 17121.
Systems Integrators specialized in UNIX and Networks
SCO, EXCELAN, CABLETRON, DYNATECH and TATUNG distributor.

cmsu:
National Technical University of Athens
George Vlontakis, [e-mail], [phone],
Pathsivn 42, Athens, GREECE

ctc:
Computer Technologies Company (ctc)
Sakis Psonis, Melanippi Chryssoulaki, [e-mail], [phone], x6570676,
452, Mesogion Avenue, 153 42 - Athens, GREECE

dias:
Computer Technology Institute (cti)
Kostas Karanasios, [e-mail], [phone], x991909,
P.O. Box 1122, 261 10 Patras, Greece
dias.uucp == GRPATVX1.BITNET; CTI's Network Mail Gateway to EARN
Connected via GREARN; Help : [e-mail]

eetaa:
Hellenic Agency for Development & Local Government sa
[e-mail], [phone],
Solonos 10, 10672, Athens, Greece

elsyp:
Hellenic Information Systems sa
Savvidis S. Dimitrios, Matzarakis Dimitrios, [e-mail],
[phone], 6820017, x6811555, Kifisias 16, Marousi, Athens 151 25, Greece

epstech:
Epsion Software
Akis Fytas, [e-mail], [phone], 9427719,
377 Syngrou Avenue, P. Faliro, GR-17564, Athens, Greece
Software House specialized in XENIX/UNIX applications

ermhs:
Computer Technology Institute (cti)
(read dias' entry above)
CTI's Network Mail Gateway to EUnet; Help : [e-mail]

evelyn:
BetaTech Engineering Associates
Sotiris Vassilopoulos, [e-mail], [phone], x9953378,
Al. Ikonomou 4, 167 77 - Helleniko, Greece

gget:
General Secretariat of Research & Technology
Dimitrios Papaioannou, Marinos Skolarikos, [e-mail], [e-mail]
[ mrtath does not exist anymore ]
[phone], 14-18 Mesogeion Avenue, Athens 115 10, GREECE

intra:
Intrasoft sa, Res & Dev Department
Vassilis Kolias, [e-mail], [phone], 7701692(int.50), x7782444,
2 Messogion Str., Athens Tower, 11527 Athens, Greece

sirius:
Technical University of Crete, Lab of Dynamic Systems and Simulation
Vangelis Voudourakis, [e-mail], [phone],
Ag. Markou st., Chania, Crete, Greece 73132

statik:
Ntua, Institute of Structural Analysis and Aseismic Research
Vlasis Koumousis, Panos Georgiou, [e-mail], [phone], x7784603,
Heroon Polytecneiou, Zografou, Athens, 157 73, GREECE

sungr:
Atko sa
Tasos Pikounis, Kostas Matrozos, [e-mail], [e-mail],
[phone], 7784967, x7798849, 74 Mesogeion Ave., Athens 153 42, GREECE

vergina:
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Thessaloniki
Dimitris Mitrakos, Michael Strintzis, [e-mail], [phone] 219783,
Thessaloniki 54006, Greece
Greek Academic Research Network ARIADNEt address (X.25) 1310010003

omalos:
Technical University of Crete, Chania
Manolis Fragonikolakis, [e-mail], [phone],
Ag. Markou st., Chania, Crete, Greece 73132

xanthi:
Democritus University of Thrace
Christos Chamzas, [e-mail], [phone],
Xanthi, Greece GR 67100

cteam:
COMPTUTER TEAM sa
VALI LALIOTI, [e-mail], [phone], 535312, 546547, FAX 544844
Karatasou 7, THessaloniki, Greece 546 26
Systems Integrators specialized in AIX and Networks (NOVELL)
Development of Software aplications in AIX, DOS, NOVELL
IBM PS/2, NOVELL, RISC 6000, INTERMEC distributor

lesbos:
Panayiotis Papachiou, [e-mail] [e-mail], [phone]
G. Kortesi 73, Kallithea, Mytilene, Greece 81100

ach:
Apple Center Heraklio
Maria Troullinou, [e-mail], [phone],
Crysostomou 26, Heraklion, Crete, Greece 71110

ambit:
Ambit Ltd
John Kozatsas, [e-mail], [phone]
5, Polemistwn str. GR-164 52 Argyroupolis, Athens


d. Internet providers
=====================
[ Only one at this point. I hope to see more! ]

There's an X.25 network called network ARIADNE. The network is based
at NRC Demokritos, and they are gatewayed to the InterNet via the machine
leon.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr [143.233.2.1].

In the machine isosun.nrcps.ariadne-t.gr [143.233.1.1] there's also an
account "pythia" (no passwd), which runs a BBS-like information system
about the ARIADNE network.

The ariadne-t.gr people run a 12-line dial-up service also, which provides
e-mail and ftp/telnet (USENET planned in the future). Here are the data:
(Current fee is 5,900 Drs. / 3 months, last I heard, and they charge
 for disk space above 500Kbytes - up to 2 MBytes quota is available )

CONTACTS WITH ARIADNE'S ADMINISTRATION
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Telephone : [phone]
            [phone]
            [phone]

Fax       : [phone]

Address   : N.R.C.P.S. Demokritos Ag.Paraskevi (ARIADNE Network)
                       15310
                       Athens
                       Greece

E-mail   : * BITNET   : POSTMAST@GRATHDEM , AMBER@GRATHDEM
           * INTERNET : [e-mail]
           * X.400    : S=postmaster;OU=isosun;O=ariadne-t;PRMD=ariadne-t;C=gr;^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* Dr. A.Arvillias (Network Administrator)
  ---------------------------------------
   Telephone : [phone]
   Fax       : [phone]
   E-mail (Internet) : [e-mail]

* Dr. G.Korovesis (Technical Net. Administrator)
  ----------------------------------------------
   Telephone : [phone]
   Fax       : [phone]
   E-mail (Internet) : [e-mail]
          (X.400)    : S=corovesis;OU=isosun;O=ariadne-t;PRMD=ariadne-t;C=gr

* P.Telonis (Internet Support)
  -----------------------------
   Telephone : [phone]
   E-mail (Internet) : [e-mail]

* V.Georgiou (User Support)
  -------------------------
   Telephone : [phone]
   E-mail (Internet) : [e-mail]

* T.Drigas (Network Operational Manager)
  --------------------------------------
   Telephone : [phone]
   E-mail (Internet) : [e-mail]

DATABASE           IXI ADDRESS
--------           -----------

ECHO               2043703004
EUROCOM            204372500002


======================================================================


4. What standards exist for inclusion of Greek characters into ASCII text?
==========================================================================

NOTE: The greek typewriter character set is (assuming you follow the
Greek alphabet):

     a b g d e z h u i k l m n j o p r s t y f x c v

and `w' (lower-case only) is final sigma.

Also there are accents and diaeresis marks in Greek. Your keyboard driver
should provide for those special characters.
[I don't know if it's a standard (I think so, I never saw a mention)]

For 7-bit transmission: there's an ELOT standard, but we don't bother with it,
since we use always 8-bit ASCII (at least between us).

For 8-bit characters, there are various standards:
[ "The nice thing about standards is that there are so many to
   choose from..", Andrew Tanenmbaum  >:-> ]

ELOT-928
--------
It was assigned an ISO number(ISO8859-7), so its an
international and official standard.
Here in NTUA, we use it in our Unix machines (because it didn't
interfere with 'vi' metacharacters, as I was told ;-) )
Notice that this standard concerns ONLY the storage of 8-bit text files,
ie. it doesn't bother with keyboard mapping, etc. Besides the character
encodings, it provides also an escape sequence when you're switching
to/from it.

IBM 437
-------
The de-facto standard: IBM PC character set [ 437 ]. The dealers
settled early enough on a standard 8-bit ASCII set for both Greek and
English letters.
Unfortunately, they didn't standardize on the combination of keys that
was necessary to activate the TSR programs, etc. It's a simple matter to
make a program that converts between the ELOT-928 and this format and
vice versa (in fact, we use such a program to transfer Greek files
between UNIX and PCs).

IBM PS/2 [ Which codepage??]
--------
When IBM introduced PS/2s, there was a provision for Greek letters in
their character sets. Unfortunately, in their infinite wisdom, they decided
to make it incompatible with the existing standards, either the de-facto
IBM or the ELOT-928. So the term IBM-compatible took a new meaning
(sarcasm indended). In any case, I suppose there are converters between
these character sets.

Mac:
----
YAS (Yet Another Standard). The programmer who wants to use Greek
letters in his program, faces a strange character set (as told by others).
As a user, because you're buying from one source, there's no big trouble.
There's at least one converter between all these formats (Chameleon), but
I don't have recent news here.
Note: Apple had 2 different versions of the Greek alphabet implemented, so
be sure to get the latest ROM revisions if you want to run a hellenized
application.

Atari:
------
 [ From: [e-mail] (Johannis Likos) ]

 Some solutions described above are either Greek IBM graphic
 character set compatible or YAUS (Yet Another Undocumented
 Standard).
 For this matter I have programmed my own conversion tools for
 known chaotic standards.

 Is anyone working on the Greek Unicode (2-Byte Character Code)?

[ Others?? ]

======================================================================

5. How do I write greek with troff/TeX/WP/... ??
================================================

a. TeX/LaTeX
============

From: Dimitrios FILIPPOU <[e-mail]>

TYPESETTING GREEK DOCUMENTS BY TeX/LaTeX:
=========================================

The following paragraphs contain some information of how to typeset
Greek with TeX (and the most favourite macro package: LaTeX).  The
information which is presented here is by-no-means complete.  It is
also possible that some TeX-nicians or TeX-istorians will find
errors.  In any case, the following text provides some information on

    (i) complete Greek TeX/LaTeX packages,

   (ii) Greek fonts for TeX (this is mainly for the few ones who like
        to play with METAFONT), and

  (iii) where one may seek help in case he has problems to typeset
        Greek with TeX (or LaTeX).


(1) "FREE" GREEK TeX PACKAGES:

There are two "free" ("free" means available by anonymous "ftp") TeX
packages for typesetting Greek by TeX/LaTeX.  These are:

  (i) Yiannis Moschovakis' (UCLA, Los Angeles, USA) "greektex"
      (ver. 2.0?), and

 (ii) Kostis Dryllerakis' (Imperial College, London, UK) "GreekTeX"
      (ver. 3.1).

[The names of these packages are identical.  We play with small and
capital letters -- "greektex" vs. "GreekTeX" -- in order to
distinguish the one from the other.]

   Both these packages include a number of 8-bit fonts (regular --
i.e., the Greek equivalent of "roman" --, slanted, typewriter, etc.)
and macros for typesetting Greek with either plain TeX or LaTeX.
Being accompanied by "filters" for character translation, they can be
used under UNIX or DOS to typeset modern/ancient, uni-/multi-accent
Greek.

   However, each of these packages was originally created under
different oper. system and hence, Moschovakis' package is more
friendly to use on a DOS machine (it allows the user to type in Greek
or Latin directly), while Dryllerakis' package is more convenient for
UNIX running machines (at some UNIX running machines you may not be
able to edit a document with Greek characters encoded at ASCII > 127).
Perhaps, Dryllerakis' "GreekTeX" would be also the best choice for
someone who wants to typeset Greek text by TeX on a Mac machine.

   Moschovakis' fonts include the basic Latin characters at their
original posistions (ASCII below 127).  Contrary to this, Dryllerakis'
fonts do not include any Latin characters, but only Greek ones. For
that reason, people who want to avoid duplicating the font files in
their disks, they should go for Dryllerakis' package.  We would
recommend Moschovakis' package to those who want to typeset entirely
(or almost entirely) Greek texts by TeX on their DOS machine.
Dryllerakis' package seems to be the best choice for those who want to
typeset Latin texts with not much of Greek (editing something for
Greek output may be a nightmare with Dryllerakis' "GreekTeX", unless
you can make use of "filters").  It is also possible that Dryllerakis'
package is more compatible with the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS),
the soon(?)-to-come-out LaTeX ver. 3.0 and the new generation of DC
fonts (which have already started replacing the CM fonts of D. Knuth
in European sites).

 [ Added by Kostas Dryllerakis: ]

 In order to accomodate all greek accents, breathings, letters and their
 combinations a full 256 greek font is needed.  The use of filters to
 transform from one character set to the other helps keep the tex fonts
 away from any machibe dependency. With the correct filter you can use it
 on any font encoding scheme and therefore on any machine without changing
 the fonts themselves. For the GreekTeX package an experimental version that
 works under NFSS does exist, but I will wait until the release of the
 new LaTeX in order to release it.

   Moschovakis' "greektex" is available by "ftp" from:

    math.ucla.edu (128.97.4.254);
      dir: pub/moschovakis/greektex

    ftp.uni-stuttgart.de (129.69.1.12);
      dir: soft/tex/languages/greek/moschovakis

    TeX.ac.uk (134.151.40.18);
      dir: TEX-ARCHIVE.LANGS.GREEK.MOSCHOVAKIS
      ATTENTION: some *.EXE, or *.COM files have not been archived at
                 this site!

and Dryllerakis' "GreekTeX" is available by "ftp" from:

    laotzu.doc.ic.ac.uk (146.169.2.9);
      dir: public/tex

    ftp.tex.ac.uk (134.151.44.19);
      dir: pub/archive/fonts/greek/kd

    sol.cs.ruu.nl (131.211.80.17);
      dir: pub/TEX/FONTS
      file: kdgreek3.1.tar.Z

    (No North American "ftp" site has been found to have archived this
    package.)

   It's also certain that, at the University of Patras and the
University of Crete in Greece, there have been created and installed
some other Greek TeX packages.  Unfortunately, these "very Greek" TeX
packages can not be traced as they do not exist at any "ftp" site.


(2) "FREE" GREEK FONTS FOR TeX:

The first family of Greek fonts for TeX was created sometime in the
mid-80s (when TeX's version was still below 3.0) by Sylvio Levy
(Princeton University, New Jersey, USA).  This was a 7-bit font family
of the Didot kind (Didot is a famous Parisian firm of printers which
developed originally the Greek regular font used today extensively by
Greek printers) and included "regular" (that is the Didot equivalent
of the roman type for Latin alphabets; in Greek they are known as
"apla"), slanted, bold, and typewriter fonts.  The METAFONT source
code of these fonts is still available by "ftp" from

     princeton.edu (128.112.128.1);
       dir: pub

     ymir.claremont.edu (134.173.4.23);
       dir: TEX.BABEL.GREEK.LEVY

(don't rush to grab them though -- read below!)

   Yannis Haralambous (Villeneuve d'Ascq, France) subsequently created
his own Didot family of Greek fonts which looks the same as Levy's
one, but uses an 8-bit coding scheme.  It contains five typefaces:
Didot "regular", slanted, bold, typewriter, "italics" (the "italics" are
kind of pseudo-italics based on the math Greek character set of the
TeX Computer Modern) and small-caps.  Within the small-caps of
Haralambous, you will find some extra characters such as digamma,
sampi, qoppa, etc., which are useful in writting Greek numerals.  The
METAFONT sources are available by "ftp" from

    ymir.claremont.edu (134.173.4.23);
      dir: TEX.BABEL.GREEK.YANNIS

(again: don't rush to grab them -- read below!)

   In the time between Levy's and Haralambous' works, Brian Hamilton
Kelly (Royal Military College of Science, Swindon, UK) also presented
a family of Greek fonts.  Apparently these fonts ("roman", "italic",
bold and typewriter) were created out of the Greek characters of
TeX's Computer Modern math fonts.  As their author says, these fonts
won't work for multi-accent modern/ancient Greek; they'll do the job
only for the uni-accent modern Greek.  In any case, their METAFONT
sources are available by "ftp" from

   ymir.claremont.edu (134.173.4.23);
     dir: TEX.BABEL.GREEK.HAMILTON_KELLY

   Yiannis Moschovakis and Kostis Dryllerakis picked up the fonts
and the "kind-of-primitive" TeX macros of Levy and Haralambous and
created their Greek TeX packages.  In fact, Moschovakis in his latest
version of "greektex" has included Greek sans-serif fonts.  Moreover,
Moschovakis has created his own "experimental italics" (kind of
"more-slanted-than-slanted" letters) which are quite different from
the ones included in Dryllerakis' "GreekTeX" (Dryllerakis' italics are
the same as Haralambous' ones).  FOR THOSE WHO HAVE ALREADY PICKED UP,
OR THEY ARE GOING TO PICK UP ONE OF THESE TWO GREEK TeX PACKAGES,
THERE'S NO NEED TO BOTHER WITH THE ORIGINAL FONTS OF LEVY, HARALAMBOUS
OR HAMILTON KELLY.



(3) OTHER COMMERCIAL GREEK FONTS FOR TeX:

SCHOLAR TeX (tm) [registered trademark of Yannis Haralambous] includes
fonts for modern Greek, ancient classical Greek, ancient epigraphical
Greek and ("in the near future", according to the author) Byzantine
Greek.  It also includes fonts for a number of other non-Latin
alphabets: Arabic, old Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Malay, Armenian, etc.

    Its price is:  US$200 for individuals; US$100 additional for
METAFONT (MF) sources; and US$500 for institutions (includes MF
sources).  For orders or more information, you can contact:

                        Yannis Haralambous
                        101/11 rue Breughel,
                        59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq,
                        France

                e-mail: [e-mail]
                fax:    [phone]

(You must specify to the author of SCHOLAR TeX, what is the oper.
system where you intend to use his product.)

   Finally, C. Mylonas and R. Whitney have created Greek fonts for TeX
of the Times-Elsevier style, which is very different to the Didot
style.  Their work, which has been published in the TUGboat (vol. 13,
no. 1, pp. 39-49), looks as being the most complete one ever done on
Greek characters (360 characters in total!)  Nonetheless, these fonts
are not (yet?) available for distribution or sale.



(4) CONTACTING THE GREEK TeX COMMUNITY:

Most of the fonts, macros, and packages that were described in the
previous paragraphs have been created by people who have showed much
enthusiasm on typesetting Greek by TeX, but without any intention of
making money out of this story.  Their work is available to public for
free, but it can not be guaranteed that it is error-free or that
everything will be OK under any "TeX-ing circumstances".

   If you are facing problems with using/typesetting Greek with TeX,
or if you have new ideas about this subject, you may join the ELLHNIKA
list.  To do this, just send an e-mail message to

            [e-mail]

This message must contain only one line in its body:

            SUBSCRIBE ELLHNIKA <your 1st name> <your last name>

The list has currently about 75 subscribers with Yannis Haralambous
being the list owner.  Once you are a subscriber to this list, you may
send your questions/problems/ideas to

            [e-mail]

Ultimately, you may also post your problem/request/whatever to the
relevant newsgroup of USENET, namely "comp.text.tex".

NOTE:  A slightly bigger version of the above document can be found at
"ftp.tex.ac.uk" (134.151.44.19) at the directory: "help/greek.faq".


-------------------
Posted for 1st time:  Feb.   6, 1993
Revised (abridged):   May    2, 1993
Revised (abridged):   May    8, 1993



b. Other typesetting systems
============================

If you don't have any way to find Greek fonts, use the Symbol font.
It works, albeit as a last resort.

Troff: We have a set of plain Greek (ie. no italics, no boldfaces, etc.)
To be more specific, a program here reads ELOT-928 text, and, when it
encounters a Greek character, it spits out a set of Troff commands.
Obviously, it's a hack, but It works. I would like to see a more general
solution, though.
NOTE: There's an effort here to make a better (and documented) solution
for Unix and X11 or vt220's. You'll read an announcement when its in
a distributable state.

WordPerfect: Even before there existed a Greek dealer, WP had support for
Greek letters in its 3-byte format. I don't know more details, but you'll
get best results if you get one of these Word Processing packages from
Greece.

======================================================================

6. Greek fonts into X Windows
==============================

From: [e-mail] (Philip Dye)
Newsgroups: comp.graphics,brown.graphics
Subject: Re: Is there a way to get Greek fonts into ``idraw''?

---
>Does anyone know how Greek characters can be brought into idraw?
>I am trying to draw figures for a paper and am frustrated by
>the lack of support for using Greek letters in the figures in
>the program idraw.
>       -Alan Arehart
>        [e-mail]

Idraw (like all x applications) uses the 'X Logical Font Description' for
specification of screen fonts.  Using this specification one includes enough
information for the X server to locate a font.  To get a list of the
available fonts from a given server use the 'xlsfont' command.  So to
determine a specification for the Adobe Symbol one might use the following:

  % xlsfonts | grep -i symbol

  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-61-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--11-80-100-100-p-61-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--12-120-75-75-p-74-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--14-100-100-100-p-85-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--14-140-75-75-p-85-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--17-120-100-100-p-95-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--18-180-75-75-p-107-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--20-140-100-100-p-107-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--24-240-75-75-p-142-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--25-180-100-100-p-142-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--34-240-100-100-p-191-adobe-fontspecific
  -adobe-symbol-medium-r-normal--8-80-75-75-p-51-adobe-fontspecific

Each of the above specifies a specific X11 screen font.  As much of the
information is common, a simpler specification will still result in precise
match.  For example, '*-symbol-medium-*-240-*' uniquely identifies a font.
If the given pattern does not uniquely identify a font, the first available
font, as listed by the xlsfonts program, is used.

In addition, idraw requires that one specify a postscript font and point
size to associate with the screen font.

Adding the following to your X11 defaults (or resources) will enable for
symbol font items in idraw.

idraw*font12:         *-symbol-medium-r-*-100-*      Symbol             10
idraw*font13:         *-symbol-medium-r-*-120-*      Symbol             12
idraw*font14:         *-symbol-medium-r-*-140-*      Symbol             14
idraw*font15:         *-symbol-medium-r-*-240-*      Symbol             24

From: [e-mail] (Dionisios N. Pnevmatikatos)
-----------------------------------

You can get the fonts and a xterm resources file from
bashan.cs.wisc.edu using anonymous ftp.

The relevant files are in the /pub/hellenes/X11.greek directory and are called:

Gterm.rsrc and greekXfonts.shar


=======================================================================


7. Backgammon servers
======================

From: [e-mail] (James Dimos Dimarogonas)
-------------------------

  -Backgammon Servers
   telnet ouzo.rog.rwth-aachen.de [134.130.130.46] 4321
   telnet solana.mps.ohio-state.edu [128.146.37.78] 3200

    offers: Play Backgammon! (Login: guest)

======================================================================

End of Technical Part of the FAQ
--
Nick (Nikolaos) Fotis         National Technical Univ. of Athens, Greece
HOME: 16 Esperidon St.,       InterNet : [e-mail]
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