Usenet 1994 January/usenetsourcesnewsgroupsinfomagicjanuary1994.iso/sources/misc/volume14/dmake/part12

Text File | 1990-07-26 | 38.6 KB | 1,113 lines

Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc
subject: v14i022: dmake version 3.5 part 12/21
From: [e-mail] (Dennis Vadura)
Sender: [e-mail] (Brandon S. Allbery - comp.sources.misc)

Posting-number: Volume 14, Issue 22
Submitted-by: [e-mail] (Dennis Vadura)
Archive-name: dmake/part12

#!/bin/sh
# this is part 12 of a multipart archive
# do not concatenate these parts, unpack them in order with /bin/sh
# file man/dmake.p continued
#
CurArch=12
if test ! -r s2_seq_.tmp
then echo "Please unpack part 1 first!"
     exit 1; fi
( read Scheck
  if test "$Scheck" != $CurArch
  then echo "Please unpack part $Scheck next!"
       exit 1;
  else exit 0; fi
) < s2_seq_.tmp || exit 1
echo "x - Continuing file man/dmake.p"
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' >> man/dmake.p
X     will be needed to help handle the smaller differences in the
X     two environments.
X
X     NOTE:  Unlike UNIX, MSDOS ddooeess maintain cd requests cross
X     single recipe lines.  This is not portable, and your
X     makefiles will not work the same way if you depend on it.
X     Use the .IF ... .ELSE ... .END conditionals to supply dif-
X     ferent make scripts as necessary.
X
XFFIILLEESS
X     Makefile, makefile, startup.mk (use dmake -V to tell you
X     where the startup file is)
X
XSSEEEE AALLSSOO
X     sh(1), csh(1), touch(1), f77(1), pc(1), cc(1)
X     S.I. Feldman  _M_a_k_e _- _A _P_r_o_g_r_a_m _f_o_r _M_a_i_n_t_a_i_n_i_n_g _C_o_m_p_u_t_e_r _P_r_o_-
X     _g_r_a_m_s
X
XAAUUTTHHOORR
X     Dennis Vadura, CS Dept. University of Waterloo.
X     [e-mail]
X     Many thanks to Carl Seger for his helpful suggestions, and
X     to Trevor John Thompson for his many excellent ideas and
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                             40
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     informative bug reports.
X
XBBUUGGSS
X     Some system commands return non-zero status inappropriately.
X     Use --ii (`-' within the makefile) to overcome the difficulty.
X
X     Some systems do not have easily accessible time stamps for
X     library members (MSDOS, AMIGA, etc) for these ddmmaakkee uses the
X     time stamp of the library instead and prints a warning the
X     first time it does so.  This is almost always ok, except
X     when multiple makefiles update a single library file.  In
X     these instances it is possible to miss an update if one is
X     not careful.
X
X
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XVersion 3.50                    UW                             41
SHAR_EOF
echo "File man/dmake.p is complete"
chmod 0640 man/dmake.p || echo "restore of man/dmake.p fails"
echo "x - extracting man/dmake.nc (Text)"
sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > man/dmake.nc &&
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
XNAME
X     dmake - maintain program groups, or interdependent files
X
XSYNOPSIS
X     dmake [-AeEhiknpqersStTuvVx] [-P#] [macro[+][:]=value] [-f
X     file] [target ...]
X
XDESCRIPTION
X     dmake executes commands found in an external file called a
X     makefile to update one or more target names.  Each target
X     may depend on zero or more prerequisite targets.  If any of
X     the target's prerequisites is newer than the target or if
X     the target itself does not exist, then dmake will attempt to
X     make the target.
X
X     If no -f command line option is present then dmake searches
X     for an existing makefile from the list of prerequisites
X     specified for the special target .MAKEFILES (see the STARTUP
X     section for more details).  If "-" is the name of the file
X     specified to the -f flag then dmake uses standard input as
X     the source of the makefile text.
X
X     Any macro definitions (arguments with embedded "=" signs)
X     that appear on the command line are processed first and
X     supersede definitions for macros of the same name found
X     within the makefile.  It is impossible for definitions found
X     inside the makefile to redefine any macro defined on the
X     command line.
X
X     If no target names are specified on the command line, then
X     dmake uses the first non-special target found in the
X     makefile as the default target.  See the SPECIAL TARGETS
X     section for the list of special targets and their function.
X     dmake is a re-implementation of the UNIX Make utility with
X     significant enhancements.  Makefiles written for most previ-
X     ous versions of make will be handled correctly by dmake.
X     Known differences between dmake and other versions of make
X     are discussed in the COMPATIBILITY section found at the end
X     of this document.
X
XOPTIONS
X     -A   Enable AUGMAKE special inference rule transformations
X          (see the "PERCENT(%) RULES" section), these are set to
X          off by default.
X
X     -e   Read the environment and define all strings of the form
X          'ENV-VAR=evalue' defined within as macros whose name is
X          ENV-VAR, and whose value is 'evalue'.  The environment
X          is processed prior to processing the user specified
X          makefile thereby allowing definitions in the makefile
X          to override definitions in the environment.
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              1
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     -E   Same as -e, except that the environment is processed
X          after the user specified makefile has been processed
X          (thus definitions in the environment override defini-
X          tions in the makefile).  The -e and -E options are
X          mutually exclusive.  If both are given the latter one
X          takes effect.
X
X     -f file
X          Use file as the source for the makefile text.  Only one
X          -f option is allowed.
X
X     -h   Print the command summary for dmake.
X
X     -i   Tells dmake to ignore errors, and continue making other
X          targets.  This is equivalent to the .IGNORE attribute
X          or macro.
X
X     -k   Causes dmake to ignore errors caused by command execu-
X          tion and to make all targets not depending on targets
X          that could not be made. Ordinarily dmake stops after a
X          command returns a non-zero status, specifying -k causes
X          dmake to ignore the error and continue to make as much
X          as possible.
X
X     -n   Causes dmake to print out what it would have executed,
X          but does not actually execute the commands.  A special
X          check is made for the string "$(MAKE)" inside a recipe
X          line, if found, the line is expanded and invoked,
X          thereby enabling recursive makes to give a full
X          description of all that they will do.  The check for
X          "$(MAKE)" is disabled inside group recipes.
X
X     -p   Print out a version of the digested makefile in human
X          readable form.  (useful for debugging, but cannot be
X          re-read by dmake)
X
X     -P#  On systems that support multi-processing cause dmake to
X          use # concurrent child processes to make targets.  See
X          the "MULTI PROCESSING" section for more information.
X
X     -q   Check and see if the target is up to date.  Exits with
X          code 0 if up to date, 1 otherwise.
X
X     -r   Tells dmake not to read the initial startup makefile,
X          see STARTUP section for more details.
X
X     -s   Tells dmake to do all its work silently and not echo
X          the commands it is executing to stdout (also suppresses
X          warnings).  This  is equivalent to the .SILENT attri-
X          bute or macro.
X
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              2
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     -S   Force sequential execution of recipes on architectures
X          which support concurrent makes.  For backward compati-
X          bility with old makefiles that have nasty side-effect
X          prerequisite dependencies.
X
X     -t   Causes dmake to touch the targets and bring them up to
X          date without executing any commands.
X
X     -T   Tells dmake to not perform transitive closure on the
X          inference graph.
X
X     -u   Force an unconditional update.  (ie. do everything that
X          would be done if everything that a target depended on
X          was out of date)
X
X     -v   Verbose flag, when making targets print to stdout what
X          we are going to make and what we think it's timestamp
X          is.
X
X     -V   Print the version of dmake, and values of builtin mac-
X          ros.
X
X     -x   Upon processing the user makefile export all non-
X          internally defined macros to the user's environment.
X          This option together with the -e option allows SYSV
X          AUGMAKE recursive makes to function as expected.
X
XINDEX
X     Here is a list of the sections that follow and a short
X     description of each.  Perhaps you won't have to read the
X     whole man page to find what you need.
X
X     STARTUP            Describes dmake initialization.
X
X     SYNTAX             Describes the syntax of makefile expres-
X                        sions.
X
X     ATTRIBUTES         Describes the notion of attributes and
X                        how they are used when making targets.
X
X     MACROS             Defining and expanding macros.
X
X     RULES AND TARGETS  How to define targets and their prere-
X                        quisites.
X
X     RECIPES            How to tell dmake how to make a target.
X
X     TEXT DIVERSIONS    How to use text diversions for long argu-
X                        ment lists in recipes.
X
X     SPECIAL TARGETS    Some targets are special.
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              3
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     SPECIAL MACROS     Macros used by dmake to alter the pro-
X                        cessing of the makefile, and those
X                        defined by dmake for the user.
X
X     DYNAMIC PREREQUISITES
X                        Processing of prerequisites which contain
X                        macro expansions in their name.
X
X     BINDING TARGETS    The rules that dmake uses to bind a tar-
X                        get to an existing file in the file sys-
X                        tem.
X
X     PERCENT(%) RULES   Specification of recipes to be used by
X                        the inference algorithm.
X
X     MAKING INFERENCES  The rules that dmake uses when inferring
X                        how to make a target which had no expli-
X                        cit recipe.  This and the previous sec-
X                        tion are really a single section in the
X                        text below.
X
X     MAKING TARGETS     How dmake makes targets other than
X                        libraries.
X
X     MAKING LIBRARIES   How dmake makes libraries.
X
X     MULTI PROCESSING   Discussion of dmake's parallel make
X                        facilities for architectures that support
X                        them.
X
X     CONDITIONALS       Conditional expressions which control the
X                        processing of the makefile.
X
X     EXAMPLES           Some hopefully useful examples.
X
X     COMPATIBILITY      How dmake compares with previous versions
X                        of make.
X
X     LIMITS             Limitations of dmake.
X
X     PORTABILITY        Comments on writing portable makefiles.
X
X     FILES              Files used by dmake.
X
X     SEE ALSO           Other related programs, and man pages.
X
X     AUTHOR             The guy responsible for this thing.
X
X     BUGS               Hope not.
X
X
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              4
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
XSTARTUP
X     When dmake begins execution it first processes the command
X     line and then it processes an initial startup-makefile.
X     This is followed by an attempt to locate and process a user
X     supplied makefile.  The startup file defines the default
X     values of all required control macros and the set of default
X     rules for making inferences.  When searching for the startup
X     makefile, dmake searches the following locations, in order,
X     until a startup file is located:
X
X          1.   The location given as the value of the macro MAK-
X               ESTARTUP defined on the command line.
X
X          2.   The location given as the value of the environment
X               variable MAKESTARTUP defined in the current
X               environment.
X
X          3.   The location given as the value of the macro MAK-
X               ESTARTUP defined internally within dmake.
X
X     The above search is disabled by specifying the -r option on
X     the command line.  An error is issued if a startup makefile
X     cannot be found and the -r option was not specified.  A user
X     may substitute a custom startup file by defining the MAKES-
X     TARTUP environment variable or by redefining the MAKESTARTUP
X     macro on the command line.  To find out where dmake looks
X     for the default startup file, check your environment or
X     issue the command "dmake -V" to determine the builtin value
X     of MAKESTARTUP.
X
X     A similar search is performed to locate a default user
X     makefile when no -f command line option is specified.  The
X     special target .MAKEFILES is internally defined by default.
X     This target's prerequisite list specifies the names of files
X     and the order that dmake will use to search for them when
X     attempting to locate the default makefile.  A typical defin-
X     ition for this target is:
X
X          .MAKEFILES : makefile.mk Makefile makefile
X
X     dmake will first look for makefile.mk and then the others.
X     If a prerequisite cannot be found dmake will try to make it
X     before going on to the next prerequisite.  For example,
X     makefile.mk can be checked out of an RCS file if the proper
X     rules for doing so are defined in the startup file.
X
XSYNTAX
X     This section is a summary of the syntax of makefile state-
X     ments.  The description is given in a style similar to BNF,
X     where { } enclose items that may appear zero or more times,
X     and [ ] enclose items that are optional.  Alternative pro-
X     ductions for a left hand side are indicated by '->', and
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              5
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     newlines are significant.  All symbols in bold type are text
X     or names representing text supplied by the user.
X
X
X
X          Makefile -> { Statement }
X
X          Statement -> Macro-Definition
X                    -> Conditional
X                    -> Rule-Definition
X                    -> Attribute-Definition
X
X          Macro-Definition -> MACRO = LINE
X                           -> MACRO := LINE
X                           -> MACRO += LINE
X                           -> MACRO +:= LINE
X
X          Conditional ->  .IF expression
X                             Makefile
X                          [ .ELSE
X                             Makefile ]
X                          .END
X
X          expression -> LINE
X                     -> STRING == LINE
X                     -> STRING != LINE
X
X
X          Rule-Definition ->  target-definition
X                                 [ recipe ]
X
X          target-definition -> targets [attrs] op { PREREQUISITE } [; rcp-line]
X
X          targets -> target { targets }
X                  -> "target" { targets }
X
X          target -> special-target
X                 -> TARGET
X
X          attrs -> attribute { attrs }
X                -> "attribute" { attrs }
X
X          op -> : { modifier }
X
X          modifier -> :
X                   -> ^
X                   -> !
X                   -> -
X
X          recipe -> { TAB rcp-line }
X                 -> [@][-] [
X                       { LINE }
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              6
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X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X                    ]
X
X          rcp-line -> [@][-] LINE
X
X
X          Attribute-Definition -> attrs : targets
X
X
X          attribute -> .EPILOG
X                    -> .IGNORE
X                    -> .LIBRARY
X                    -> .NOINFER
X                    -> .PRECIOUS
X                    -> .PROLOG
X                    -> .SETDIR=path
X                    -> .SILENT
X                    -> .SEQUENTIAL
X                    -> .SYMBOL
X                    -> .UPDATEALL
X
X          special-target -> .ERROR
X                         -> .EXPORT
X                         -> .GROUPEPILOG
X                         -> .GROUPPROLOG
X                         -> .IMPORT
X                         -> .INCLUDE
X                         -> .INCLUDEDIRS
X                         -> .MAKEFILES
X                         -> .REMOVE
X                         -> .SOURCE
X                         -> .SOURCE.suffix
X                         -> .suffix1.suffix2
X
X
X     Where, TAB represents a <tab> character, STRING represents
X     an arbitrary sequence of characters, and LINE represents a
X     possibly empty sequence of characters terminated by a non-
X     escaped (not immediately preceded by a backslash '\') new-
X     line character.  MACRO, PREREQUISITE, and TARGET each
X     represent a string of characters not including space or tab
X     which respectively form the name of a macro, prerequisite or
X     target.  The name may itself be a macro expansion expres-
X     sion.  A LINE can be continued over several physical lines
X     by terminating it with a single backslash character.  Com-
X     ments are initiated by the pound '#' character and extend to
X     the end of line.  All comment text is discarded, a '#' may
X     be placed into the makefile text by escaping it with '\'
X     (ie. \# translates to # when it is parsed).  A group of con-
X     tinued lines may be commented out by placing a single # at
X     the start of the first line of the group.  A continued line
X     may not span more than one makefile.
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              7
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X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     white space is defined to be any combination of <space>,
X     <tab>, and the sequence \<nl> when \<nl> is used to ter-
X     minate a LINE.  When processing macro definition lines, any
X     amount of white space is allowed on either side of the macro
X     operator (=, :=, += or +:=), and white space is stripped
X     from both before and after the macro value string.  The
X     sequence \<nl> is treated as white space during recipe
X     expansion and is deleted from the final recipe string.  You
X     must escape the \<nl> with a \ in order to get a \<nl> at
X     the end of a recipe line.  The \<nl> sequence is always
X     deleted from macro values.
X
X     When processing target definition lines, the recipe for a
X     target must, in general, follow the first definition of the
X     target (See the RULES AND TARGETS section for an exception),
X     and the recipe may not span across multiple makefiles.  Any
X     targets and prerequisites found on a target definition line
X     are taken to be white space separated tokens.  The rule
X     operator (op in SYNTAX section) is also considered to be a
X     token but does not require white space to precede or follow
X     it.  Since the rule operator begins with a `:', traditional
X     versions of make do not allow the `:' character to form a
X     valid target name.  dmake allows `:' to be present in
X     target/prerequisite names as long as the entire
X     target/prerequisite name is quoted.  For example:
X
X          a:fred : test
X
X     would be parsed as TARGET = a, PREREQUISITES are fred, :,
X     and test, which is not what was intended.  To fix this you
X     must write:
X
X          "a:fred" : test
X
X     Which will be parsed as expected.  See the EXAMPLES section
X     for how to apply this to a list of targets.
X
XATTRIBUTES
X     dmake defines several target attributes.  Attributes may be
X     assigned to a single target, a group of targets, or to all
X     targets in the makefile.  Attributes are used to modify
X     dmake actions during target update.  The recognized attri-
X     butes are:
X
X
X     .EPILOG     Insert shell epilog code when executing a group
X                 recipe associated with any target having this
X                 attribute set.
X
X     .IGNORE     Ignore an error when trying to make any target
X                 with this attribute set.
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                              8
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XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     .LIBRARY    Target is a library.
X
X     .NOINFER    Any target with this attribute set will not be
X                 subjected to transitive closure if it is
X                 inferred as a prerequisite of a target whose
X                 recipe and prerequisites are being inferred.
X                 (i.e. the inference search will not use any
X                 prerequisite with this attribute set, as a tar-
X                 get)
X
X     .PRECIOUS   Do not remove this target under any cir-
X                 cumstances.  Set by default for any targets
X                 whose corresponding files exist in the file sys-
X                 tem prior to the execution of dmake.
X
X     .PROLOG     Insert shell prolog code when executing a group
X                 recipe associated with any target having this
X                 attribute set.
X
X     .SEQUENTIAL Force a sequential make of the associated
X                 target's prerequisites.
X
X     .SETDIR     Change current working directory to specified
X                 directory when making associated target.  The
X                 syntax of this attribute is different from the
X                 others.  You must specify the directory at the
X                 time the attribute is specified.  To do this
X                 simply give .SETDIR=path as the attribute.  path
X                 is expanded and the result is used as the value
X                 of the directory to change to.  If path is sur-
X                 rounded by single quotes then path is not
X                 expanded, and is used literally as the directory
X                 name.  If the path contains any `:' characters
X                 then the entire attribute string must be quoted
X                 using ".  If a target having this attribute set
X                 also has the .IGNORE attribute set then if the
X                 change to the specified directory fails it will
X                 be ignored, and no error message will be issued.
X
X     .SILENT     Do not echo the recipe lines when making any
X                 target with this attribute set, and do not issue
X                 any warnings.
X
X     .SYMBOL     Target is a library member and is an entry point
X                 into a module in the library.  This attribute is
X                 used only when searching a library for a target.
X                 Targets of the form lib((entry)) have this
X                 attribute set automatically.
X
X     .UPDATEALL  Indicates that all the targets listed in this
X                 rule are updated by the execution of the accom-
X                 panying recipe.  A common example is the
X
X
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X
X                 production of the y.tab.c and y.tab.h files by
X                 yacc when it is run on a grammar.  Specifying
X                 .UPDATEALL in such a rule prevents the running
X                 of yacc twice, once for the y.tab.c file and
X                 once for the y.tab.h file.
X
X
X     All attributes are user setable and may be used in one of
X     two forms (except .UPDATEALL, use of this attribute in a
X     rule of the first form is illegal)
X
X          ATTRIBUTE_LIST : targets
X
X     assigns the attributes specified by ATTRIBUTE_LIST to each
X     target in targets or
X
X          targets ATTRIBUTE_LIST : ...
X
X     assigns the attributes specified by ATTRIBUTE_LIST to each
X     target in targets. In the first form if targets is empty
X     (ie. a NULL list), then the list of attributes will apply to
X     all targets in the makefile (this is equivalent to the com-
X     mon Make construct of ".IGNORE :" but has been modified to
X     the notion of an attribute instead of a special target).
X     Not all of the attributes have global meaning.  In particu-
X     lar, .LIBRARY, .SYMBOL, and .UPDATEALL have no assigned glo-
X     bal meaning.
X
X     Any attribute may be used with any target, even with the
X     special targets.  Some combinations are useless (e.g.
X     .INCLUDE .PRECIOUS: ... ), while others are useful (e.g.
X     .INCLUDE .IGNORE : "file.mk" will not complain if file.mk
X     cannot be found using the include file search rules, see the
X     section on SPECIAL TARGETS for a description of .INCLUDE).
X     If a specified attribute will not be used with the special
X     target a warning is issued and the attribute is ignored.
X
XMACROS
X     dmake supports four types of macro assignment.  The first
X     and most familiar is the usual assignment:
X
X          MACRO = LINE
X
X     which causes LINE to be assigned without expansion, as the
X     value of MACRO.  The second form:
X
X          MACRO := LINE
X
X     is new and indicates that LINE should be expanded prior to
X     being assigned as the value of MACRO.  Future expansions of
X     MACRO do not have the value expanded since it was expanded
X     when the macro was defined.  The third form of macro
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                             10
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X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     assignment allows macro values to grow:
X
X          MACRO += LINE
X
X     adds the value of LINE to the previous value of MACRO
X     separating the two by a single space (LINE is not expanded).
X     The final form:
X
X          MACRO +:= LINE
X
X     is similar to +=, with the difference that the value of LINE
X     is expanded before being added to the previous value of
X     MACRO.
X
X     When dmake defines a non-environment macro it strips leading
X     and trailing white space from the macro value.  Macros
X     imported from the environment via either the .IMPORT special
X     target (see the SPECIAL TARGETS section), or the -e, or -E
X     flags are an exception to this rule.  Their values are
X     always taken literally and white space is never stripped.
X     In addition, macros defined using the .IMPORT special target
X     do not have their values expanded when they are used within
X     a makefile.  In contrast, environment macros that are
X     imported due to the specification of the -e or -E flags are
X     subject to expansion when used.
X
X     To specify a macro expansion enclose the name in () or {}
X     and precede it with a dollar sign $.  Thus $(TEST)
X     represents an expansion of the macro variable named TEST.
X     If TEST is defined then $(TEST) is replaced by its expanded
X     value.  If TEST is not defined then $(TEST) expands to the
X     NULL string (this is equivalent to defining a macro as
X     'TEST=' ).  A short form may be used for single character
X     named macros.  In this case the parentheses are optional,
X     and $(I) is equivalent to $I.  Macro expansion is recursive,
X     hence if the value string contains an expression represent-
X     ing a macro expansion, the expansion is performed.  Circular
X     macro expansions are detected and cause an error to be
X     issued.
X
X     When defining a macro the given macro name is first expanded
X     before being used to define the macro.  Thus it is possible
X     to define macros whose names depend on values of other mac-
X     ros.  For example, suppose
X
X          CWD = $(PWD:b)
X
X     is defined, then the value of $(CWD) is the name of the
X     current directory.  This can be used to define macros
X     specific to this directory, for example:
X
X          _$(CWD).prt = list of files to print...
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                             11
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     The actual name of the defined macro is a function of the
X     current directory.  A construct such as this is useful when
X     processing a hierarchy of directories using .SETDIR attri-
X     buted targets and a collection of small distributed makefile
X     stubs.
X
X     Macro variables may be defined within the makefile, on the
X     command line, or imported from the environment.
X
X     dmake supports several non-standard macro expansions: The
X     first is of the form:
X
X          $(macro_name:modifier_list:modifier_list:...)
X
X     where modifier_list is chosen from the set { D or d, F or f,
X     B or b, S or s, T or t } and
X
X          d - directory portion of all path names
X          f - file (including suffix) portion of path names
X          b - file (not including suffix) portion of path names
X          s - simple pattern substitution
X          t - tokenization.
X
X     Thus if we have the example:
X
X          test = d1/d2/d3/a.out f.out d1/k.out
X
X     The following macro expansions produce the values on the
X     right of '-->' after expansion.
X
X          $(test:d)            --> d1/d2/d3/ d1/
X          $(test:b)            --> a f k
X          $(test:f)            --> a.out f.out k.out
X          ${test:db}           --> d1/d2/d3/a f d1/k
X          ${test:s/out/in/:f}  --> a.in f.in k.in
X          $(test:f:t"+")       --> a.out+f.out+k.out
X
X     If a token ends in a string composed from the value of the
X     macro DIRBRKSTR (ie. ends in a directory separator string,
X     e.g. '/' in UNIX) and you use the :d modifier then the
X     expansion returns the directory name less the final direc-
X     tory separator string.  Thus successive pairs of :d modif-
X     iers each remove a level of directory in the token string.
X
X     The tokenization modifier takes all white space separated
X     tokens from the macro value and separates them by the quoted
X     separator string.  The separator string may contain the fol-
X     lowing escape codes \a => <bel>, \b => <backspace>, \f =>
X     <formfeed>, \n => <nl>, \r => <cr>, \t => <tab>, \v =>
X     <vertical tab>, \" => ", and \xxx => <xxx> where xxx is the
X     octal representation of a character.  Thus the expansion:
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                             12
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X          $(test:f:t"+\n")
X
X     gives:
X
X          a.out+
X          f.out+
X          k.out
X
X     The second non-standard form of macro expansion allows for
X     recursive macros.  It is possible to specify a $(macro_name)
X     or ${macro_name} expansion where macro_name contains more $(
X     ... ) or ${ ... } macro expansions itself.
X
X     For example $(CC$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER)) will first expand
X     CC$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER) to get a result and use that result
X     as the name of the macro to expand.  This is useful for
X     writing a makefile for more than one target environment.  As
X     an example consider the following hypothetical case. Suppose
X     that _HOST and _COMPILER are imported from the environment
X     and are set to represent the host machine type and the host
X     compiler respectively.
X
X          CFLAGS_VAX_CC = -c -O    # _HOST == "_VAX", _COMPILER == "_CC"
X          CFLAGS_PC_MSC = -c -ML   # _HOST == "_PC",  _COMPILER == "_MSC"
X
X          # redefine CFLAGS macro as:
X
X          CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS$(_HOST)$(_COMPILER))
X
X     This causes CFLAGS to take on a value that corresponds to
X     the environment in which the make is being invoked.
X
X     The final non-standard macro expansion is of the form:
X
X          string1{token_list}string2
X
X     where string1, string2 and token_list are expanded.  After
X     expansion, string1 is prepended to each token found in
X     token_list and string2 is appended to each resulting token
X     from the previous prepend.  string1 and string2 are not del-
X     imited by white space whereas the tokens in token_list are.
X     A null token in the token list is specified using "".  Thus
X     using another example we have:
X
X          test/{f1 f2}.o            --> test/f1.o test/f2.o
X          test/ {f1 f2}.o           --> test/ f1.o f2.o
X          test/{f1 f2} .o           --> test/f1 test/f2 .o
X          test/{ f1  "f2" "" }.o    --> test/f1.o test/f2.o
X                                    test/.o
X
X          and
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                             13
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X          test/{ d1 d2 }/{ f1 f2 }.o --> test/d1/f1.o
X                                         test/d1/f2.o
X                                         test/d2/f1.o
X                                         test/d2/f2.o
X
X     See the SPECIAL MACROS section for a description of the spe-
X     cial macros that dmake defines and understands.
X
XRULES AND TARGETS
X     A makefile contains a series of entries that specify depen-
X     dencies.  Such entries are called target/prerequisite or
X     rule definitions.  Each rule definition is optionally fol-
X     lowed by a set of lines that provide a recipe for updating
X     any targets defined by the rule.  Whenever dmake attempts to
X     bring a target up to date and an explicit recipe is provided
X     with a rule defining the target, that recipe is used to
X     update the target.  A rule definition begins with a line
X     having the following syntax:
X
X          <targets> [<attributes>] <ruleop> [<prerequisites>] [;<recipe>]
X
X     targets is a non-empty list of targets.  If the target is a
X     special target (see SPECIAL TARGETS section below) then it
X     must appear alone on the rule line.  For example:
X
X          .IMPORT .ERROR : ...
X
X     is not allowed since both .IMPORT and .ERROR are special
X     targets.  Special targets are not used in the construction
X     of the dependency graph and will not be made.
X
X     attributes is a possibly empty list of attributes.  Any
X     attribute defined in the ATTRIBUTES section above may be
X     specified.  All attributes will be applied to the list of
X     named targets in the rule definition.  No other targets will
X     be affected.
X
X
X     NOTE:   As stated earlier, if both the target list and
X             prerequisite list are empty but the attributes list
X             is not, then the specified attributes affect all
X             targets in the makefile.
X
X
X     ruleop is a separator which is used to identify the targets
X     from the prerequisites.  Optionally it also provides a
X     facility for modifying the way in which dmake handles the
X     making of the associated targets.  In its simplest form the
X     operator is a single ':', and need not be separated by white
X     space from its neighboring tokens.  It may additionally be
X     followed by any of the modifiers { !, ^, -, : }, where:
X
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                             14
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X     !    says execute the recipe for the associated targets once
X          for each out of date prerequisite.  Ordinarily the
X          recipe is executed once for all out of date prere-
X          quisites at the same time.
X
X     ^    says to insert the specified prerequisites, if any,
X          before any other prerequisites already associated with
X          the specified targets.  In general, it is not useful to
X          specify ^ with an empty list of prerequisites.
X
X     -    says to clear the previous list of prerequisites before
X          adding the new prerequisites.  Thus,
X
X               .SUFFIXES :
X               .SUFFIXES : .a .b
X
X          can be replaced by
X
X               .SUFFIXES :- .a .b
X
X          however the old form still works as expected.  NOTE:
X          .SUFFIXES is ignored by dmake it is used here simply as
X          an example.
X
X     :    When the rule operator is not modified by a second ':'
X          only one set of rules may be specified for making a
X          target.  Multiple definitions may be used to add to the
X          list of prerequisites that a target depends on.  How-
X          ever, if a target is multiply defined only one defini-
X          tion may specify a recipe for making the target.
X
X          When a target's rule operator is modified by a second
X          ':' (:: for example) then this definition may not be
X          the only definition with a recipe for the target.
X          There may be other :: target definition lines that
X          specify a different set of prerequisites with a dif-
X          ferent recipe for updating the target. Any such target
X          is made if any of the definitions find it to be out of
X          date with respect to the related prerequisites and uses
X          the corresponding recipe to update the target.
X
X          In the following simple example, each rule has a `::'
X          ruleop.  In such an operator we call the first `:' the
X          operator, and the second `:' the modifier.
X
X          a.o :: a.c b.h
X             first recipe for making a.o
X
X          a.o :: a.y b.h
X             second recipe for making a.o
X
X          If a.o is found to be out of date with respect to a.c
X
X
X
XVersion 3.50                    UW                             15
X
X
X
X
XDMAKE(p)               Unsupported Software               DMAKE(p)
X
X
X
X          then the first recipe is used to make a.o.  If it is
X          found out of date with respect to a.y then the second
X          recipe is used.  If a.o is out of date with respect to
X          b.h then both recipes are invoked to make a.o.  In the
X          last case the order of invocation corresponds to the
X          order in which the rule definitions appear in the
X          makefile.
X
X     Targets defined using a single `:' operator with a recipe
X     may be redefined again with a new recipe by using a `:'
X     operator with a `:' modifier.  This is equivalent to a tar-
X     get having been initially defined with a rule using a `:'
X     modifier.  Once a target is defined using a `:' modifier it
X     may not be defined again with a recipe using only the `:'
X     operator with no `:' modifier.  In both cases the use of a
X     `:' modifier creates a new list of prerequisites and makes
SHAR_EOF
echo "End of part 12"
echo "File man/dmake.nc is continued in part 13"
echo "13" > s2_seq_.tmp
exit 0