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- /*
- * jquant2.c
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, Thomas G. Lane.
- * This file is part of the Independent JPEG Group's software.
- * For conditions of distribution and use, see the accompanying README file.
- *
- * This file contains 2-pass color quantization (color mapping) routines.
- * These routines are invoked via the methods color_quant_prescan,
- * color_quant_doit, and color_quant_init/term.
- */
-
- #include "jinclude.h"
-
- #ifdef QUANT_2PASS_SUPPORTED
-
-
- /*
- * This module implements the well-known Heckbert paradigm for color
- * quantization. Most of the ideas used here can be traced back to
- * Heckbert's seminal paper
- * Heckbert, Paul. "Color Image Quantization for Frame Buffer Display",
- * Proc. SIGGRAPH '82, Computer Graphics v.16 #3 (July 1982), pp 297-304.
- *
- * In the first pass over the image, we accumulate a histogram showing the
- * usage count of each possible color. (To keep the histogram to a reasonable
- * size, we reduce the precision of the input; typical practice is to retain
- * 5 or 6 bits per color, so that 8 or 4 different input values are counted
- * in the same histogram cell.) Next, the color-selection step begins with a
- * box representing the whole color space, and repeatedly splits the "largest"
- * remaining box until we have as many boxes as desired colors. Then the mean
- * color in each remaining box becomes one of the possible output colors.
- * The second pass over the image maps each input pixel to the closest output
- * color (optionally after applying a Floyd-Steinberg dithering correction).
- * This mapping is logically trivial, but making it go fast enough requires
- * considerable care.
- *
- * Heckbert-style quantizers vary a good deal in their policies for choosing
- * the "largest" box and deciding where to cut it. The particular policies
- * used here have proved out well in experimental comparisons, but better ones
- * may yet be found.
- *
- * The most significant difference between this quantizer and others is that
- * this one is intended to operate in YCbCr colorspace, rather than RGB space
- * as is usually done. Actually we work in scaled YCbCr colorspace, where
- * Y distances are inflated by a factor of 2 relative to Cb or Cr distances.
- * The empirical evidence is that distances in this space correspond to
- * perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space;
- * and working in this space is inexpensive within a JPEG decompressor, since
- * the input data is already in YCbCr form. (We could transform to an even
- * more perceptually linear space such as Lab or Luv, but that is very slow
- * and doesn't yield much better results than scaled YCbCr.)
- */
-
- #define Y_SCALE 2 /* scale Y distances up by this much */
-
- #define MAXNUMCOLORS (MAXJSAMPLE+1) /* maximum size of colormap */
-
-
- /*
- * First we have the histogram data structure and routines for creating it.
- *
- * For work in YCbCr space, it is useful to keep more precision for Y than
- * for Cb or Cr. We recommend keeping 6 bits for Y and 5 bits each for Cb/Cr.
- * If you have plenty of memory and cycles, 6 bits all around gives marginally
- * better results; if you are short of memory, 5 bits all around will save
- * some space but degrade the results.
- * To maintain a fully accurate histogram, we'd need to allocate a "long"
- * (preferably unsigned long) for each cell. In practice this is overkill;
- * we can get by with 16 bits per cell. Few of the cell counts will overflow,
- * and clamping those that do overflow to the maximum value will give close-
- * enough results. This reduces the recommended histogram size from 256Kb
- * to 128Kb, which is a useful savings on PC-class machines.
- * (In the second pass the histogram space is re-used for pixel mapping data;
- * in that capacity, each cell must be able to store zero to the number of
- * desired colors. 16 bits/cell is plenty for that too.)
- * Since the JPEG code is intended to run in small memory model on 80x86
- * machines, we can't just allocate the histogram in one chunk. Instead
- * of a true 3-D array, we use a row of pointers to 2-D arrays. Each
- * pointer corresponds to a Y value (typically 2^6 = 64 pointers) and
- * each 2-D array has 2^5^2 = 1024 or 2^6^2 = 4096 entries. Note that
- * on 80x86 machines, the pointer row is in near memory but the actual
- * arrays are in far memory (same arrangement as we use for image arrays).
- */
-
- #ifndef HIST_Y_BITS /* so you can override from Makefile */
- #define HIST_Y_BITS 6 /* bits of precision in Y histogram */
- #endif
- #ifndef HIST_C_BITS /* so you can override from Makefile */
- #define HIST_C_BITS 5 /* bits of precision in Cb/Cr histogram */
- #endif
-
- #define HIST_Y_ELEMS (1<<HIST_Y_BITS) /* # of elements along histogram axes */
- #define HIST_C_ELEMS (1<<HIST_C_BITS)
-
- /* These are the amounts to shift an input value to get a histogram index.
- * For a combination 8/12 bit implementation, would need variables here...
- */
-
- #define Y_SHIFT (BITS_IN_JSAMPLE-HIST_Y_BITS)
- #define C_SHIFT (BITS_IN_JSAMPLE-HIST_C_BITS)
-
-
- typedef UINT16 histcell; /* histogram cell; MUST be an unsigned type */
-
- typedef histcell FAR * histptr; /* for pointers to histogram cells */
-
- typedef histcell hist1d[HIST_C_ELEMS]; /* typedefs for the array */
- typedef hist1d FAR * hist2d; /* type for the Y-level pointers */
- typedef hist2d * hist3d; /* type for top-level pointer */
-
- static hist3d histogram; /* pointer to the histogram */
-
-
- /*
- * Prescan some rows of pixels.
- * In this module the prescan simply updates the histogram, which has been
- * initialized to zeroes by color_quant_init.
- * Note: workspace is probably not useful for this routine, but it is passed
- * anyway to allow some code sharing within the pipeline controller.
- */
-
- METHODDEF void
- color_quant_prescan (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, int num_rows,
- JSAMPIMAGE image_data, JSAMPARRAY workspace)
- {
- register JSAMPROW ptr0, ptr1, ptr2;
- register histptr histp;
- register int c0, c1, c2;
- int row;
- long col;
- long width = cinfo->image_width;
-
- for (row = 0; row < num_rows; row++) {
- ptr0 = image_data[0][row];
- ptr1 = image_data[1][row];
- ptr2 = image_data[2][row];
- for (col = width; col > 0; col--) {
- /* get pixel value and index into the histogram */
- c0 = GETJSAMPLE(*ptr0++) >> Y_SHIFT;
- c1 = GETJSAMPLE(*ptr1++) >> C_SHIFT;
- c2 = GETJSAMPLE(*ptr2++) >> C_SHIFT;
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1][c2];
- /* increment, check for overflow and undo increment if so. */
- /* We assume unsigned representation here! */
- if (++(*histp) == 0)
- (*histp)--;
- }
- }
- }
-
-
- /*
- * Now we have the really interesting routines: selection of a colormap
- * given the completed histogram.
- * These routines work with a list of "boxes", each representing a rectangular
- * subset of the input color space (to histogram precision).
- */
-
- typedef struct {
- /* The bounds of the box (inclusive); expressed as histogram indexes */
- int c0min, c0max;
- int c1min, c1max;
- int c2min, c2max;
- /* The number of nonzero histogram cells within this box */
- long colorcount;
- } box;
- typedef box * boxptr;
-
- static boxptr boxlist; /* array with room for desired # of boxes */
- static int numboxes; /* number of boxes currently in boxlist */
-
- static JSAMPARRAY my_colormap; /* the finished colormap (in YCbCr space) */
-
-
- LOCAL boxptr
- find_biggest_color_pop (void)
- /* Find the splittable box with the largest color population */
- /* Returns NULL if no splittable boxes remain */
- {
- register boxptr boxp;
- register int i;
- register long max = 0;
- boxptr which = NULL;
-
- for (i = 0, boxp = boxlist; i < numboxes; i++, boxp++) {
- if (boxp->colorcount > max) {
- if (boxp->c0max > boxp->c0min || boxp->c1max > boxp->c1min ||
- boxp->c2max > boxp->c2min) {
- which = boxp;
- max = boxp->colorcount;
- }
- }
- }
- return which;
- }
-
-
- LOCAL boxptr
- find_biggest_volume (void)
- /* Find the splittable box with the largest (scaled) volume */
- /* Returns NULL if no splittable boxes remain */
- {
- register boxptr boxp;
- register int i;
- register INT32 max = 0;
- register INT32 norm, c0,c1,c2;
- boxptr which = NULL;
-
- /* We use 2-norm rather than real volume here.
- * Some care is needed since the differences are expressed in
- * histogram-cell units; if HIST_Y_BITS != HIST_C_BITS, we have to
- * adjust the scaling to get the proper scaled-YCbCr-space distance.
- * This code won't work right if HIST_Y_BITS < HIST_C_BITS,
- * but that shouldn't ever be true.
- * Note norm > 0 iff box is splittable, so need not check separately.
- */
-
- for (i = 0, boxp = boxlist; i < numboxes; i++, boxp++) {
- c0 = (boxp->c0max - boxp->c0min) * Y_SCALE;
- c1 = (boxp->c1max - boxp->c1min) << (HIST_Y_BITS-HIST_C_BITS);
- c2 = (boxp->c2max - boxp->c2min) << (HIST_Y_BITS-HIST_C_BITS);
- norm = c0*c0 + c1*c1 + c2*c2;
- if (norm > max) {
- which = boxp;
- max = norm;
- }
- }
- return which;
- }
-
-
- LOCAL void
- update_box (boxptr boxp)
- /* Shrink the min/max bounds of a box to enclose only nonzero elements, */
- /* and recompute its population */
- {
- histptr histp;
- int c0,c1,c2;
- int c0min,c0max,c1min,c1max,c2min,c2max;
- long ccount;
-
- c0min = boxp->c0min; c0max = boxp->c0max;
- c1min = boxp->c1min; c1max = boxp->c1max;
- c2min = boxp->c2min; c2max = boxp->c2max;
-
- if (c0max > c0min)
- for (c0 = c0min; c0 <= c0max; c0++)
- for (c1 = c1min; c1 <= c1max; c1++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1][c2min];
- for (c2 = c2min; c2 <= c2max; c2++)
- if (*histp++ != 0) {
- boxp->c0min = c0min = c0;
- goto have_c0min;
- }
- }
- have_c0min:
- if (c0max > c0min)
- for (c0 = c0max; c0 >= c0min; c0--)
- for (c1 = c1min; c1 <= c1max; c1++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1][c2min];
- for (c2 = c2min; c2 <= c2max; c2++)
- if (*histp++ != 0) {
- boxp->c0max = c0max = c0;
- goto have_c0max;
- }
- }
- have_c0max:
- if (c1max > c1min)
- for (c1 = c1min; c1 <= c1max; c1++)
- for (c0 = c0min; c0 <= c0max; c0++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1][c2min];
- for (c2 = c2min; c2 <= c2max; c2++)
- if (*histp++ != 0) {
- boxp->c1min = c1min = c1;
- goto have_c1min;
- }
- }
- have_c1min:
- if (c1max > c1min)
- for (c1 = c1max; c1 >= c1min; c1--)
- for (c0 = c0min; c0 <= c0max; c0++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1][c2min];
- for (c2 = c2min; c2 <= c2max; c2++)
- if (*histp++ != 0) {
- boxp->c1max = c1max = c1;
- goto have_c1max;
- }
- }
- have_c1max:
- if (c2max > c2min)
- for (c2 = c2min; c2 <= c2max; c2++)
- for (c0 = c0min; c0 <= c0max; c0++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1min][c2];
- for (c1 = c1min; c1 <= c1max; c1++, histp += HIST_C_ELEMS)
- if (*histp != 0) {
- boxp->c2min = c2min = c2;
- goto have_c2min;
- }
- }
- have_c2min:
- if (c2max > c2min)
- for (c2 = c2max; c2 >= c2min; c2--)
- for (c0 = c0min; c0 <= c0max; c0++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1min][c2];
- for (c1 = c1min; c1 <= c1max; c1++, histp += HIST_C_ELEMS)
- if (*histp != 0) {
- boxp->c2max = c2max = c2;
- goto have_c2max;
- }
- }
- have_c2max:
-
- /* Now scan remaining volume of box and compute population */
- ccount = 0;
- for (c0 = c0min; c0 <= c0max; c0++)
- for (c1 = c1min; c1 <= c1max; c1++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1][c2min];
- for (c2 = c2min; c2 <= c2max; c2++, histp++)
- if (*histp != 0) {
- ccount++;
- }
- }
- boxp->colorcount = ccount;
- }
-
-
- LOCAL void
- median_cut (int desired_colors)
- /* Repeatedly select and split the largest box until we have enough boxes */
- {
- int n,lb;
- int c0,c1,c2,cmax;
- register boxptr b1,b2;
-
- while (numboxes < desired_colors) {
- /* Select box to split */
- /* Current algorithm: by population for first half, then by volume */
- if (numboxes*2 <= desired_colors) {
- b1 = find_biggest_color_pop();
- } else {
- b1 = find_biggest_volume();
- }
- if (b1 == NULL) /* no splittable boxes left! */
- break;
- b2 = &boxlist[numboxes]; /* where new box will go */
- /* Copy the color bounds to the new box. */
- b2->c0max = b1->c0max; b2->c1max = b1->c1max; b2->c2max = b1->c2max;
- b2->c0min = b1->c0min; b2->c1min = b1->c1min; b2->c2min = b1->c2min;
- /* Choose which axis to split the box on.
- * Current algorithm: longest scaled axis.
- * See notes in find_biggest_volume about scaling...
- */
- c0 = (b1->c0max - b1->c0min) * Y_SCALE;
- c1 = (b1->c1max - b1->c1min) << (HIST_Y_BITS-HIST_C_BITS);
- c2 = (b1->c2max - b1->c2min) << (HIST_Y_BITS-HIST_C_BITS);
- cmax = c0; n = 0;
- if (c1 > cmax) { cmax = c1; n = 1; }
- if (c2 > cmax) { n = 2; }
- /* Choose split point along selected axis, and update box bounds.
- * Current algorithm: split at halfway point.
- * (Since the box has been shrunk to minimum volume,
- * any split will produce two nonempty subboxes.)
- * Note that lb value is max for lower box, so must be < old max.
- */
- switch (n) {
- case 0:
- lb = (b1->c0max + b1->c0min) / 2;
- b1->c0max = lb;
- b2->c0min = lb+1;
- break;
- case 1:
- lb = (b1->c1max + b1->c1min) / 2;
- b1->c1max = lb;
- b2->c1min = lb+1;
- break;
- case 2:
- lb = (b1->c2max + b1->c2min) / 2;
- b1->c2max = lb;
- b2->c2min = lb+1;
- break;
- }
- /* Update stats for boxes */
- update_box(b1);
- update_box(b2);
- numboxes++;
- }
- }
-
-
- LOCAL void
- compute_color (boxptr boxp, int icolor)
- /* Compute representative color for a box, put it in my_colormap[icolor] */
- {
- /* Current algorithm: mean weighted by pixels (not colors) */
- /* Note it is important to get the rounding correct! */
- histptr histp;
- int c0,c1,c2;
- int c0min,c0max,c1min,c1max,c2min,c2max;
- long count;
- long total = 0;
- long c0total = 0;
- long c1total = 0;
- long c2total = 0;
-
- c0min = boxp->c0min; c0max = boxp->c0max;
- c1min = boxp->c1min; c1max = boxp->c1max;
- c2min = boxp->c2min; c2max = boxp->c2max;
-
- for (c0 = c0min; c0 <= c0max; c0++)
- for (c1 = c1min; c1 <= c1max; c1++) {
- histp = & histogram[c0][c1][c2min];
- for (c2 = c2min; c2 <= c2max; c2++) {
- if ((count = *histp++) != 0) {
- total += count;
- c0total += ((c0 << Y_SHIFT) + ((1<<Y_SHIFT)>>1)) * count;
- c1total += ((c1 << C_SHIFT) + ((1<<C_SHIFT)>>1)) * count;
- c2total += ((c2 << C_SHIFT) + ((1<<C_SHIFT)>>1)) * count;
- }
- }
- }
-
- my_colormap[0][icolor] = (JSAMPLE) ((c0total + (total>>1)) / total);
- my_colormap[1][icolor] = (JSAMPLE) ((c1total + (total>>1)) / total);
- my_colormap[2][icolor] = (JSAMPLE) ((c2total + (total>>1)) / total);
- }
-
-
- LOCAL void
- remap_colormap (decompress_info_ptr cinfo)
- /* Remap the internal colormap to the output colorspace */
- {
- /* This requires a little trickery since color_convert expects to
- * deal with 3-D arrays (a 2-D sample array for each component).
- * We must promote the colormaps into one-row 3-D arrays.
- */
- short ci;
- JSAMPARRAY input_hack[3];
- JSAMPARRAY output_hack[10]; /* assume no more than 10 output components */
-
- for (ci = 0; ci < 3; ci++)
- input_hack[ci] = &(my_colormap[ci]);
- for (ci = 0; ci < cinfo->color_out_comps; ci++)
- output_hack[ci] = &(cinfo->colormap[ci]);
-
- (*cinfo->methods->color_convert) (cinfo, 1,
- (long) cinfo->actual_number_of_colors,
- input_hack, output_hack);
- }
-
-
- LOCAL void
- select_colors (decompress_info_ptr cinfo)
- /* Master routine for color selection */
- {
- int desired = cinfo->desired_number_of_colors;
- int i;
-
- /* Allocate workspace for box list */
- boxlist = (boxptr) (*cinfo->emethods->alloc_small) (desired * SIZEOF(box));
- /* Initialize one box containing whole space */
- numboxes = 1;
- boxlist[0].c0min = 0;
- boxlist[0].c0max = MAXJSAMPLE >> Y_SHIFT;
- boxlist[0].c1min = 0;
- boxlist[0].c1max = MAXJSAMPLE >> C_SHIFT;
- boxlist[0].c2min = 0;
- boxlist[0].c2max = MAXJSAMPLE >> C_SHIFT;
- /* Shrink it to actually-used volume and set its statistics */
- update_box(& boxlist[0]);
- /* Perform median-cut to produce final box list */
- median_cut(desired);
- /* Compute the representative color for each box, fill my_colormap[] */
- for (i = 0; i < numboxes; i++)
- compute_color(& boxlist[i], i);
- cinfo->actual_number_of_colors = numboxes;
- /* Produce an output colormap in the desired output colorspace */
- remap_colormap(cinfo);
- TRACEMS1(cinfo->emethods, 1, "Selected %d colors for quantization",
- numboxes);
- /* Done with the box list */
- (*cinfo->emethods->free_small) ((void *) boxlist);
- }
-
-
- /*
- * These routines are concerned with the time-critical task of mapping input
- * colors to the nearest color in the selected colormap.
- *
- * We re-use the histogram space as an "inverse color map", essentially a
- * cache for the results of nearest-color searches. All colors within a
- * histogram cell will be mapped to the same colormap entry, namely the one
- * closest to the cell's center. This may not be quite the closest entry to
- * the actual input color, but it's almost as good. A zero in the cache
- * indicates we haven't found the nearest color for that cell yet; the array
- * is cleared to zeroes before starting the mapping pass. When we find the
- * nearest color for a cell, its colormap index plus one is recorded in the
- * cache for future use. The pass2 scanning routines call fill_inverse_cmap
- * when they need to use an unfilled entry in the cache.
- *
- * Our method of efficiently finding nearest colors is based on the "locally
- * sorted search" idea described by Heckbert and on the incremental distance
- * calculation described by Spencer W. Thomas in chapter III.1 of Graphics
- * Gems II (James Arvo, ed. Academic Press, 1991). Thomas points out that
- * the distances from a given colormap entry to each cell of the histogram can
- * be computed quickly using an incremental method: the differences between
- * distances to adjacent cells themselves differ by a constant. This allows a
- * fairly fast implementation of the "brute force" approach of computing the
- * distance from every colormap entry to every histogram cell. Unfortunately,
- * it needs a work array to hold the best-distance-so-far for each histogram
- * cell (because the inner loop has to be over cells, not colormap entries).
- * The work array elements have to be INT32s, so the work array would need
- * 256Kb at our recommended precision. This is not feasible in DOS machines.
- * Another disadvantage of the brute force approach is that it computes
- * distances to every cell of the cubical histogram. When working with YCbCr
- * input, only about a quarter of the cube represents realizable colors, so
- * many of the cells will never be used and filling them is wasted effort.
- *
- * To get around these problems, we apply Thomas' method to compute the
- * nearest colors for only the cells within a small subbox of the histogram.
- * The work array need be only as big as the subbox, so the memory usage
- * problem is solved. A subbox is processed only when some cell in it is
- * referenced by the pass2 routines, so we will never bother with cells far
- * outside the realizable color volume. An additional advantage of this
- * approach is that we can apply Heckbert's locality criterion to quickly
- * eliminate colormap entries that are far away from the subbox; typically
- * three-fourths of the colormap entries are rejected by Heckbert's criterion,
- * and we need not compute their distances to individual cells in the subbox.
- * The speed of this approach is heavily influenced by the subbox size: too
- * small means too much overhead, too big loses because Heckbert's criterion
- * can't eliminate as many colormap entries. Empirically the best subbox
- * size seems to be about 1/512th of the histogram (1/8th in each direction).
- *
- * Thomas' article also describes a refined method which is asymptotically
- * faster than the brute-force method, but it is also far more complex and
- * cannot efficiently be applied to small subboxes. It is therefore not
- * useful for programs intended to be portable to DOS machines. On machines
- * with plenty of memory, filling the whole histogram in one shot with Thomas'
- * refined method might be faster than the present code --- but then again,
- * it might not be any faster, and it's certainly more complicated.
- */
-
-
- #ifndef BOX_Y_LOG /* so you can override from Makefile */
- #define BOX_Y_LOG (HIST_Y_BITS-3) /* log2(hist cells in update box, Y axis) */
- #endif
- #ifndef BOX_C_LOG /* so you can override from Makefile */
- #define BOX_C_LOG (HIST_C_BITS-3) /* log2(hist cells in update box, C axes) */
- #endif
-
- #define BOX_Y_ELEMS (1<<BOX_Y_LOG) /* # of hist cells in update box */
- #define BOX_C_ELEMS (1<<BOX_C_LOG)
-
- #define BOX_Y_SHIFT (Y_SHIFT + BOX_Y_LOG)
- #define BOX_C_SHIFT (C_SHIFT + BOX_C_LOG)
-
-
- /*
- * The next three routines implement inverse colormap filling. They could
- * all be folded into one big routine, but splitting them up this way saves
- * some stack space (the mindist[] and bestdist[] arrays need not coexist)
- * and may allow some compilers to produce better code by registerizing more
- * inner-loop variables.
- */
-
- LOCAL int
- find_nearby_colors (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, int minc0, int minc1, int minc2,
- JSAMPLE colorlist[])
- /* Locate the colormap entries close enough to an update box to be candidates
- * for the nearest entry to some cell(s) in the update box. The update box
- * is specified by the center coordinates of its first cell. The number of
- * candidate colormap entries is returned, and their colormap indexes are
- * placed in colorlist[].
- * This routine uses Heckbert's "locally sorted search" criterion to select
- * the colors that need further consideration.
- */
- {
- int numcolors = cinfo->actual_number_of_colors;
- int maxc0, maxc1, maxc2;
- int centerc0, centerc1, centerc2;
- int i, x, ncolors;
- INT32 minmaxdist, min_dist, max_dist, tdist;
- INT32 mindist[MAXNUMCOLORS]; /* min distance to colormap entry i */
-
- /* Compute true coordinates of update box's upper corner and center.
- * Actually we compute the coordinates of the center of the upper-corner
- * histogram cell, which are the upper bounds of the volume we care about.
- * Note that since ">>" rounds down, the "center" values may be closer to
- * min than to max; hence comparisons to them must be "<=", not "<".
- */
- maxc0 = minc0 + ((1 << BOX_Y_SHIFT) - (1 << Y_SHIFT));
- centerc0 = (minc0 + maxc0) >> 1;
- maxc1 = minc1 + ((1 << BOX_C_SHIFT) - (1 << C_SHIFT));
- centerc1 = (minc1 + maxc1) >> 1;
- maxc2 = minc2 + ((1 << BOX_C_SHIFT) - (1 << C_SHIFT));
- centerc2 = (minc2 + maxc2) >> 1;
-
- /* For each color in colormap, find:
- * 1. its minimum squared-distance to any point in the update box
- * (zero if color is within update box);
- * 2. its maximum squared-distance to any point in the update box.
- * Both of these can be found by considering only the corners of the box.
- * We save the minimum distance for each color in mindist[];
- * only the smallest maximum distance is of interest.
- * Note we have to scale Y to get correct distance in scaled space.
- */
- minmaxdist = 0x7FFFFFFFL;
-
- for (i = 0; i < numcolors; i++) {
- /* We compute the squared-c0-distance term, then add in the other two. */
- x = GETJSAMPLE(my_colormap[0][i]);
- if (x < minc0) {
- tdist = (x - minc0) * Y_SCALE;
- min_dist = tdist*tdist;
- tdist = (x - maxc0) * Y_SCALE;
- max_dist = tdist*tdist;
- } else if (x > maxc0) {
- tdist = (x - maxc0) * Y_SCALE;
- min_dist = tdist*tdist;
- tdist = (x - minc0) * Y_SCALE;
- max_dist = tdist*tdist;
- } else {
- /* within cell range so no contribution to min_dist */
- min_dist = 0;
- if (x <= centerc0) {
- tdist = (x - maxc0) * Y_SCALE;
- max_dist = tdist*tdist;
- } else {
- tdist = (x - minc0) * Y_SCALE;
- max_dist = tdist*tdist;
- }
- }
-
- x = GETJSAMPLE(my_colormap[1][i]);
- if (x < minc1) {
- tdist = x - minc1;
- min_dist += tdist*tdist;
- tdist = x - maxc1;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- } else if (x > maxc1) {
- tdist = x - maxc1;
- min_dist += tdist*tdist;
- tdist = x - minc1;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- } else {
- /* within cell range so no contribution to min_dist */
- if (x <= centerc1) {
- tdist = x - maxc1;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- } else {
- tdist = x - minc1;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- }
- }
-
- x = GETJSAMPLE(my_colormap[2][i]);
- if (x < minc2) {
- tdist = x - minc2;
- min_dist += tdist*tdist;
- tdist = x - maxc2;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- } else if (x > maxc2) {
- tdist = x - maxc2;
- min_dist += tdist*tdist;
- tdist = x - minc2;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- } else {
- /* within cell range so no contribution to min_dist */
- if (x <= centerc2) {
- tdist = x - maxc2;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- } else {
- tdist = x - minc2;
- max_dist += tdist*tdist;
- }
- }
-
- mindist[i] = min_dist; /* save away the results */
- if (max_dist < minmaxdist)
- minmaxdist = max_dist;
- }
-
- /* Now we know that no cell in the update box is more than minmaxdist
- * away from some colormap entry. Therefore, only colors that are
- * within minmaxdist of some part of the box need be considered.
- */
- ncolors = 0;
- for (i = 0; i < numcolors; i++) {
- if (mindist[i] <= minmaxdist)
- colorlist[ncolors++] = (JSAMPLE) i;
- }
- return ncolors;
- }
-
-
- LOCAL void
- find_best_colors (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, int minc0, int minc1, int minc2,
- int numcolors, JSAMPLE colorlist[], JSAMPLE bestcolor[])
- /* Find the closest colormap entry for each cell in the update box,
- * given the list of candidate colors prepared by find_nearby_colors.
- * Return the indexes of the closest entries in the bestcolor[] array.
- * This routine uses Thomas' incremental distance calculation method to
- * find the distance from a colormap entry to successive cells in the box.
- */
- {
- int ic0, ic1, ic2;
- int i, icolor;
- register INT32 * bptr; /* pointer into bestdist[] array */
- JSAMPLE * cptr; /* pointer into bestcolor[] array */
- INT32 dist0, dist1; /* initial distance values */
- register INT32 dist2; /* current distance in inner loop */
- INT32 xx0, xx1; /* distance increments */
- register INT32 xx2;
- INT32 inc0, inc1, inc2; /* initial values for increments */
- /* This array holds the distance to the nearest-so-far color for each cell */
- INT32 bestdist[BOX_Y_ELEMS * BOX_C_ELEMS * BOX_C_ELEMS];
-
- /* Initialize best-distance for each cell of the update box */
- bptr = bestdist;
- for (i = BOX_Y_ELEMS*BOX_C_ELEMS*BOX_C_ELEMS-1; i >= 0; i--)
- *bptr++ = 0x7FFFFFFFL;
-
- /* For each color selected by find_nearby_colors,
- * compute its distance to the center of each cell in the box.
- * If that's less than best-so-far, update best distance and color number.
- * Note we have to scale Y to get correct distance in scaled space.
- */
-
- /* Nominal steps between cell centers ("x" in Thomas article) */
- #define STEP_Y ((1 << Y_SHIFT) * Y_SCALE)
- #define STEP_C (1 << C_SHIFT)
-
- for (i = 0; i < numcolors; i++) {
- icolor = GETJSAMPLE(colorlist[i]);
- /* Compute (square of) distance from minc0/c1/c2 to this color */
- inc0 = (minc0 - (int) GETJSAMPLE(my_colormap[0][icolor])) * Y_SCALE;
- dist0 = inc0*inc0;
- inc1 = minc1 - (int) GETJSAMPLE(my_colormap[1][icolor]);
- dist0 += inc1*inc1;
- inc2 = minc2 - (int) GETJSAMPLE(my_colormap[2][icolor]);
- dist0 += inc2*inc2;
- /* Form the initial difference increments */
- inc0 = inc0 * (2 * STEP_Y) + STEP_Y * STEP_Y;
- inc1 = inc1 * (2 * STEP_C) + STEP_C * STEP_C;
- inc2 = inc2 * (2 * STEP_C) + STEP_C * STEP_C;
- /* Now loop over all cells in box, updating distance per Thomas method */
- bptr = bestdist;
- cptr = bestcolor;
- xx0 = inc0;
- for (ic0 = BOX_Y_ELEMS-1; ic0 >= 0; ic0--) {
- dist1 = dist0;
- xx1 = inc1;
- for (ic1 = BOX_C_ELEMS-1; ic1 >= 0; ic1--) {
- dist2 = dist1;
- xx2 = inc2;
- for (ic2 = BOX_C_ELEMS-1; ic2 >= 0; ic2--) {
- if (dist2 < *bptr) {
- *bptr = dist2;
- *cptr = (JSAMPLE) icolor;
- }
- dist2 += xx2;
- xx2 += 2 * STEP_C * STEP_C;
- bptr++;
- cptr++;
- }
- dist1 += xx1;
- xx1 += 2 * STEP_C * STEP_C;
- }
- dist0 += xx0;
- xx0 += 2 * STEP_Y * STEP_Y;
- }
- }
- }
-
-
- LOCAL void
- fill_inverse_cmap (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, int c0, int c1, int c2)
- /* Fill the inverse-colormap entries in the update box that contains */
- /* histogram cell c0/c1/c2. (Only that one cell MUST be filled, but */
- /* we can fill as many others as we wish.) */
- {
- int minc0, minc1, minc2; /* lower left corner of update box */
- int ic0, ic1, ic2;
- register JSAMPLE * cptr; /* pointer into bestcolor[] array */
- register histptr cachep; /* pointer into main cache array */
- /* This array lists the candidate colormap indexes. */
- JSAMPLE colorlist[MAXNUMCOLORS];
- int numcolors; /* number of candidate colors */
- /* This array holds the actually closest colormap index for each cell. */
- JSAMPLE bestcolor[BOX_Y_ELEMS * BOX_C_ELEMS * BOX_C_ELEMS];
-
- /* Convert cell coordinates to update box ID */
- c0 >>= BOX_Y_LOG;
- c1 >>= BOX_C_LOG;
- c2 >>= BOX_C_LOG;
-
- /* Compute true coordinates of update box's origin corner.
- * Actually we compute the coordinates of the center of the corner
- * histogram cell, which are the lower bounds of the volume we care about.
- */
- minc0 = (c0 << BOX_Y_SHIFT) + ((1 << Y_SHIFT) >> 1);
- minc1 = (c1 << BOX_C_SHIFT) + ((1 << C_SHIFT) >> 1);
- minc2 = (c2 << BOX_C_SHIFT) + ((1 << C_SHIFT) >> 1);
-
- /* Determine which colormap entries are close enough to be candidates
- * for the nearest entry to some cell in the update box.
- */
- numcolors = find_nearby_colors(cinfo, minc0, minc1, minc2, colorlist);
-
- /* Determine the actually nearest colors. */
- find_best_colors(cinfo, minc0, minc1, minc2, numcolors, colorlist,
- bestcolor);
-
- /* Save the best color numbers (plus 1) in the main cache array */
- c0 <<= BOX_Y_LOG; /* convert ID back to base cell indexes */
- c1 <<= BOX_C_LOG;
- c2 <<= BOX_C_LOG;
- cptr = bestcolor;
- for (ic0 = 0; ic0 < BOX_Y_ELEMS; ic0++) {
- for (ic1 = 0; ic1 < BOX_C_ELEMS; ic1++) {
- cachep = & histogram[c0+ic0][c1+ic1][c2];
- for (ic2 = 0; ic2 < BOX_C_ELEMS; ic2++) {
- *cachep++ = (histcell) (GETJSAMPLE(*cptr++) + 1);
- }
- }
- }
- }
-
-
- /*
- * These routines perform second-pass scanning of the image: map each pixel to
- * the proper colormap index, and output the indexes to the output file.
- *
- * output_workspace is a one-component array of pixel dimensions at least
- * as large as the input image strip; it can be used to hold the converted
- * pixels' colormap indexes.
- */
-
- METHODDEF void
- pass2_nodither (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, int num_rows,
- JSAMPIMAGE image_data, JSAMPARRAY output_workspace)
- /* This version performs no dithering */
- {
- register JSAMPROW ptr0, ptr1, ptr2, outptr;
- register histptr cachep;
- register int c0, c1, c2;
- int row;
- long col;
- long width = cinfo->image_width;
-
- /* Convert data to colormap indexes, which we save in output_workspace */
- for (row = 0; row < num_rows; row++) {
- ptr0 = image_data[0][row];
- ptr1 = image_data[1][row];
- ptr2 = image_data[2][row];
- outptr = output_workspace[row];
- for (col = width; col > 0; col--) {
- /* get pixel value and index into the cache */
- c0 = GETJSAMPLE(*ptr0++) >> Y_SHIFT;
- c1 = GETJSAMPLE(*ptr1++) >> C_SHIFT;
- c2 = GETJSAMPLE(*ptr2++) >> C_SHIFT;
- cachep = & histogram[c0][c1][c2];
- /* If we have not seen this color before, find nearest colormap entry */
- /* and update the cache */
- if (*cachep == 0)
- fill_inverse_cmap(cinfo, c0,c1,c2);
- /* Now emit the colormap index for this cell */
- *outptr++ = (JSAMPLE) (*cachep - 1);
- }
- }
- /* Emit converted rows to the output file */
- (*cinfo->methods->put_pixel_rows) (cinfo, num_rows, &output_workspace);
- }
-
-
- /* Declarations for Floyd-Steinberg dithering.
- *
- * Errors are accumulated into the arrays evenrowerrs[] and oddrowerrs[].
- * These have resolutions of 1/16th of a pixel count. The error at a given
- * pixel is propagated to its unprocessed neighbors using the standard F-S
- * fractions,
- * ... (here) 7/16
- * 3/16 5/16 1/16
- * We work left-to-right on even rows, right-to-left on odd rows.
- *
- * Each of the arrays has (#columns + 2) entries; the extra entry
- * at each end saves us from special-casing the first and last pixels.
- * Each entry is three values long.
- * In evenrowerrs[], the entries for a component are stored left-to-right, but
- * in oddrowerrs[] they are stored right-to-left. This means we always
- * process the current row's error entries in increasing order and the next
- * row's error entries in decreasing order, regardless of whether we are
- * working L-to-R or R-to-L in the pixel data!
- *
- * Note: on a wide image, we might not have enough room in a PC's near data
- * segment to hold the error arrays; so they are allocated with alloc_medium.
- */
-
- #ifdef EIGHT_BIT_SAMPLES
- typedef INT16 FSERROR; /* 16 bits should be enough */
- #else
- typedef INT32 FSERROR; /* may need more than 16 bits? */
- #endif
-
- typedef FSERROR FAR *FSERRPTR; /* pointer to error array (in FAR storage!) */
-
- static FSERRPTR evenrowerrs, oddrowerrs; /* current-row and next-row errors */
- static boolean on_odd_row; /* flag to remember which row we are on */
-
-
- METHODDEF void
- pass2_dither (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, int num_rows,
- JSAMPIMAGE image_data, JSAMPARRAY output_workspace)
- /* This version performs Floyd-Steinberg dithering */
- {
- #ifdef EIGHT_BIT_SAMPLES
- register int c0, c1, c2;
- int two_val;
- #else
- register FSERROR c0, c1, c2;
- FSERROR two_val;
- #endif
- register FSERRPTR thisrowerr, nextrowerr;
- JSAMPROW ptr0, ptr1, ptr2, outptr;
- histptr cachep;
- register int pixcode;
- int dir;
- int row;
- long col;
- long width = cinfo->image_width;
- JSAMPLE *range_limit = cinfo->sample_range_limit;
- JSAMPROW colormap0 = my_colormap[0];
- JSAMPROW colormap1 = my_colormap[1];
- JSAMPROW colormap2 = my_colormap[2];
- SHIFT_TEMPS
-
- /* Convert data to colormap indexes, which we save in output_workspace */
- for (row = 0; row < num_rows; row++) {
- ptr0 = image_data[0][row];
- ptr1 = image_data[1][row];
- ptr2 = image_data[2][row];
- outptr = output_workspace[row];
- if (on_odd_row) {
- /* work right to left in this row */
- ptr0 += width - 1;
- ptr1 += width - 1;
- ptr2 += width - 1;
- outptr += width - 1;
- dir = -1;
- thisrowerr = oddrowerrs + 3;
- nextrowerr = evenrowerrs + width*3;
- on_odd_row = FALSE; /* flip for next time */
- } else {
- /* work left to right in this row */
- dir = 1;
- thisrowerr = evenrowerrs + 3;
- nextrowerr = oddrowerrs + width*3;
- on_odd_row = TRUE; /* flip for next time */
- }
- /* need only initialize this one entry in nextrowerr */
- nextrowerr[0] = nextrowerr[1] = nextrowerr[2] = 0;
- for (col = width; col > 0; col--) {
- /* For each component, get accumulated error and round to integer;
- * form pixel value + error, and range-limit to 0..MAXJSAMPLE.
- * RIGHT_SHIFT rounds towards minus infinity, so adding 8 is correct
- * for either sign of the error value. Max error is +- MAXJSAMPLE.
- */
- c0 = RIGHT_SHIFT(thisrowerr[0] + 8, 4);
- c1 = RIGHT_SHIFT(thisrowerr[1] + 8, 4);
- c2 = RIGHT_SHIFT(thisrowerr[2] + 8, 4);
- c0 += GETJSAMPLE(*ptr0);
- c1 += GETJSAMPLE(*ptr1);
- c2 += GETJSAMPLE(*ptr2);
- c0 = GETJSAMPLE(range_limit[c0]);
- c1 = GETJSAMPLE(range_limit[c1]);
- c2 = GETJSAMPLE(range_limit[c2]);
- /* Index into the cache with adjusted pixel value */
- cachep = & histogram[c0 >> Y_SHIFT][c1 >> C_SHIFT][c2 >> C_SHIFT];
- /* If we have not seen this color before, find nearest colormap */
- /* entry and update the cache */
- if (*cachep == 0)
- fill_inverse_cmap(cinfo, c0 >> Y_SHIFT, c1 >> C_SHIFT, c2 >> C_SHIFT);
- /* Now emit the colormap index for this cell */
- pixcode = *cachep - 1;
- *outptr = (JSAMPLE) pixcode;
- /* Compute representation error for this pixel */
- c0 -= GETJSAMPLE(colormap0[pixcode]);
- c1 -= GETJSAMPLE(colormap1[pixcode]);
- c2 -= GETJSAMPLE(colormap2[pixcode]);
- /* Propagate error to adjacent pixels */
- /* Remember that nextrowerr entries are in reverse order! */
- two_val = c0 * 2;
- nextrowerr[0-3] = c0; /* not +=, since not initialized yet */
- c0 += two_val; /* form error * 3 */
- nextrowerr[0+3] += c0;
- c0 += two_val; /* form error * 5 */
- nextrowerr[0 ] += c0;
- c0 += two_val; /* form error * 7 */
- thisrowerr[0+3] += c0;
- two_val = c1 * 2;
- nextrowerr[1-3] = c1; /* not +=, since not initialized yet */
- c1 += two_val; /* form error * 3 */
- nextrowerr[1+3] += c1;
- c1 += two_val; /* form error * 5 */
- nextrowerr[1 ] += c1;
- c1 += two_val; /* form error * 7 */
- thisrowerr[1+3] += c1;
- two_val = c2 * 2;
- nextrowerr[2-3] = c2; /* not +=, since not initialized yet */
- c2 += two_val; /* form error * 3 */
- nextrowerr[2+3] += c2;
- c2 += two_val; /* form error * 5 */
- nextrowerr[2 ] += c2;
- c2 += two_val; /* form error * 7 */
- thisrowerr[2+3] += c2;
- /* Advance to next column */
- ptr0 += dir;
- ptr1 += dir;
- ptr2 += dir;
- outptr += dir;
- thisrowerr += 3; /* cur-row error ptr advances to right */
- nextrowerr -= 3; /* next-row error ptr advances to left */
- }
- }
- /* Emit converted rows to the output file */
- (*cinfo->methods->put_pixel_rows) (cinfo, num_rows, &output_workspace);
- }
-
-
- /*
- * Initialize for two-pass color quantization.
- */
-
- METHODDEF void
- color_quant_init (decompress_info_ptr cinfo)
- {
- int i;
-
- /* Lower bound on # of colors ... somewhat arbitrary as long as > 0 */
- if (cinfo->desired_number_of_colors < 8)
- ERREXIT(cinfo->emethods, "Cannot request less than 8 quantized colors");
- /* Make sure colormap indexes can be represented by JSAMPLEs */
- if (cinfo->desired_number_of_colors > MAXNUMCOLORS)
- ERREXIT1(cinfo->emethods, "Cannot request more than %d quantized colors",
- MAXNUMCOLORS);
-
- /* Allocate and zero the histogram */
- histogram = (hist3d) (*cinfo->emethods->alloc_small)
- (HIST_Y_ELEMS * SIZEOF(hist2d));
- for (i = 0; i < HIST_Y_ELEMS; i++) {
- histogram[i] = (hist2d) (*cinfo->emethods->alloc_medium)
- (HIST_C_ELEMS*HIST_C_ELEMS * SIZEOF(histcell));
- jzero_far((void FAR *) histogram[i],
- HIST_C_ELEMS*HIST_C_ELEMS * SIZEOF(histcell));
- }
-
- /* Allocate storage for the internal and external colormaps. */
- /* We do this now since it is FAR storage and may affect the memory */
- /* manager's space calculations. */
- my_colormap = (*cinfo->emethods->alloc_small_sarray)
- ((long) cinfo->desired_number_of_colors,
- (long) 3);
- cinfo->colormap = (*cinfo->emethods->alloc_small_sarray)
- ((long) cinfo->desired_number_of_colors,
- (long) cinfo->color_out_comps);
-
- /* Allocate Floyd-Steinberg workspace if necessary */
- /* This isn't needed until pass 2, but again it is FAR storage. */
- if (cinfo->use_dithering) {
- size_t arraysize = (size_t) ((cinfo->image_width + 2L) * 3L * SIZEOF(FSERROR));
-
- evenrowerrs = (FSERRPTR) (*cinfo->emethods->alloc_medium) (arraysize);
- oddrowerrs = (FSERRPTR) (*cinfo->emethods->alloc_medium) (arraysize);
- /* we only need to zero the forward contribution for current row. */
- jzero_far((void FAR *) evenrowerrs, arraysize);
- on_odd_row = FALSE;
- }
-
- /* Indicate number of passes needed, excluding the prescan pass. */
- cinfo->total_passes++; /* I always use one pass */
- }
-
-
- /*
- * Perform two-pass quantization: rescan the image data and output the
- * converted data via put_color_map and put_pixel_rows.
- * The source_method is a routine that can scan the image data; it can
- * be called as many times as desired. The processing routine called by
- * source_method has the same interface as color_quantize does in the
- * one-pass case, except it must call put_pixel_rows itself. (This allows
- * me to use multiple passes in which earlier passes don't output anything.)
- */
-
- METHODDEF void
- color_quant_doit (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, quantize_caller_ptr source_method)
- {
- int i;
-
- /* Select the representative colors */
- select_colors(cinfo);
- /* Pass the external colormap to the output module. */
- /* NB: the output module may continue to use the colormap until shutdown. */
- (*cinfo->methods->put_color_map) (cinfo, cinfo->actual_number_of_colors,
- cinfo->colormap);
- /* Re-zero the histogram so pass 2 can use it as nearest-color cache */
- for (i = 0; i < HIST_Y_ELEMS; i++) {
- jzero_far((void FAR *) histogram[i],
- HIST_C_ELEMS*HIST_C_ELEMS * SIZEOF(histcell));
- }
- /* Perform pass 2 */
- if (cinfo->use_dithering)
- (*source_method) (cinfo, pass2_dither);
- else
- (*source_method) (cinfo, pass2_nodither);
- }
-
-
- /*
- * Finish up at the end of the file.
- */
-
- METHODDEF void
- color_quant_term (decompress_info_ptr cinfo)
- {
- /* no work (we let free_all release the histogram/cache and colormaps) */
- /* Note that we *mustn't* free the external colormap before free_all, */
- /* since output module may use it! */
- }
-
-
- /*
- * Map some rows of pixels to the output colormapped representation.
- * Not used in two-pass case.
- */
-
- METHODDEF void
- color_quantize (decompress_info_ptr cinfo, int num_rows,
- JSAMPIMAGE input_data, JSAMPARRAY output_data)
- {
- ERREXIT(cinfo->emethods, "Should not get here!");
- }
-
-
- /*
- * The method selection routine for 2-pass color quantization.
- */
-
- GLOBAL void
- jsel2quantize (decompress_info_ptr cinfo)
- {
- if (cinfo->two_pass_quantize) {
- /* Make sure jdmaster didn't give me a case I can't handle */
- if (cinfo->num_components != 3 || cinfo->jpeg_color_space != CS_YCbCr)
- ERREXIT(cinfo->emethods, "2-pass quantization only handles YCbCr input");
- cinfo->methods->color_quant_init = color_quant_init;
- cinfo->methods->color_quant_prescan = color_quant_prescan;
- cinfo->methods->color_quant_doit = color_quant_doit;
- cinfo->methods->color_quant_term = color_quant_term;
- cinfo->methods->color_quantize = color_quantize;
- }
- }
-
- #endif /* QUANT_2PASS_SUPPORTED */
-