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- Newsgroups: comp.programming.literate,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: comp.programming.literate FAQ
- Supersedes: <literate-programming-faq_755586014@GZA.COM>
- Followup-To: comp.programming.literate
- Date: 26 Dec 1993 00:00:25 -0500
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- Summary: Literate Programming FAQ--general introduction to the concepts
- of literate programming and the tools available to write
- literate programs.
- X-Last-Updated: 1993/11/11
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.programming.literate:833 comp.answers:3137 news.answers:16159
-
- Archive-name: literate-programming-faq
- Last-modified: 1993/11/11
- Version: 1.0.4
-
-
- Welcome to the Literate Programming Frequently Asked Questions List
- -------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- This version was created Thursday - November 11, 1993 and should
- considered stale after 90 days. Information contained in this document
- is the best available at preparation.
-
- Disclaimer: "This FAQ is presented with no warranties or guarantees of
- ANY KIND including correctness or fitness for any particular purpose.
- The author of this document has attempted to verify correctness of the
- data contained herein; however, slip-ups can and do happen. If you use
- this data, you do so at your own risk."
-
- Copyright 1993 David B. Thompson. All rights reserved worldwide.
- Permission is granted to copy this document for free distribution so
- long as it remains intact and unmodified.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * Introduction:
- ---------------
-
- This document is for new and experienced users of literate programming
- tools. The purpose is to explain the concept of literate programming and
- to provide a resource for locating files of interest to literate
- programmers and those interested in literate programming.
-
- The Literate Programming (LitProg) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list
- is maintained by Dave Thompson, who can be reached at:
-
- thompson@sun1.coe.ttu.edu * Preferred mailing address for FAQ
- related comments/questions.
- wqdbt@ttacs1.ttu.edu * Forwarded to my pc.
-
- Comment and constructive criticism is welcome. Direct flames to
- /dev/null (or > nul if you're a msdos user! ;-) If you find an error,
- please report it. I'm particularly interested in establishing the
- locations of generally available literate programming tools. If you are
- the author of such a tool and wish to have it included in this list,
- please send email.
-
- Please note this is a work-in-progress. It is *not* complete, and
- probably will not be complete for some months. Nevertheless, the
- information contained herein may be useful to some. Use it as it is
- intended.
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - Typography:
- -------------
-
- Major sections of the FAQ are divided by double lines (====). Minor
- sections and other divisions are separated by single lines (----).
- Major topics use a "* " as a leader. Minor topics use a "- " as a
- leader. This should simplify searching for topics.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- Table of Contents:
- ------------------
-
- * Introduction
- - Typography.
- * How to get the FAQ.
- - Literate Programming FAQ.
- - FWEB FAQ.
- * The LitProg newsgroup.
- * Internet nodes of interest to literate programmers.
- * What is literate programming?
- * How do I begin literate programming?
- * What tools are available and where are they?
- - c2latex
- - CLip
- - CWEB
- - FunnelWeb
- - FWEB
- - noweb
- - NUWEB
- - SchemeWEB
- - Spidery WEB
- - WinWordWEB
- * What other resources are available?
- - Virtual Coursework
- * Code examples.
- - Examples included with developer's tools
- - Cameron Smith's KR-CWEB
- - Bart Child's examples for FWEB
- * Bibliographies.
- * How to anonymously ftp.
- * Acknowledgements.
- * End notes.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * How to get the FAQ:
- ---------------------
-
- - Literate Programming FAQ.
- ---------------------------
-
- You have many ways to get a current copy of this FAQ. One is to use
- anonymous ftp (if you don't know how, see a later section in this FAQ)
- to connect to one of the Comprehensive TeX Arvchive Network (CTAN) sites
- or the Literate Programming Archive and retrieve a copy of the file.
- (For more information on CTAN and the literate programming archive, see
- the section below entitled "Internet Nodes of Interest to Literate
- Programmers.")
-
- An alternative is to use the fileserver at SHSU. Send a message to
- FILESERV@SHSU.EDU (FILESERV@SHSU.BITNET) and include in your message
-
- SENDME FAQ.LITPROG
-
- The file server will forward a copy of the file to you via email.
-
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - FWEB FAQ:
- -----------
-
- Marcus Speh <marcus@x4u.desy.de> maintains the FWEB FAQ. The current
- version number is 1.29. It can be retrieved in the same way as this
- FAQ; either by anonymous ftp or through the SHSU file server. On the
- SHSU server, the file name is FAQ.FWEB. Invoke your ftp software, open
- a connection to NIORD.SHSU.EDU [192.92.115.8], attach to the directory
- FAQ, and transfer the file FAQ.FWEB.
-
- Alternatively, send a message to the file server, FILESERV@SHSU.EDU
- (FILESERV@SHSU.BITNET), and include the following text in a one line
- message:
-
- SENDME FAQ.FWEB
-
- The file server will send the current version of the file via email.
-
- The FWEB FAQ exists in various formats, including HyperText (see other
- resources below). In Europe, the complete distribution can also be
- obtained from ftp.desy.de [131.169.10.115] in directory
- /pub/faq/web/fweb/. It is also available from the literate programming
- archive (LPA) in the directory LPA/documentation/faq/fweb (see the
- references to LPA below for more information).
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * The LitProg Newsgroup:
- ------------------------
-
- One of the most important resources is the literate programming
- newsgroup, comp.programming.literate. You can read this newsgroup using
- your standard reader. Altenatively, the newsgroup is gated to a mailing
- list hosted by George Greenwade and Sam Houston State University. You
- can subscribe by sending mail to the list-server, LISTSERV@SHSU.EDU (or
- LISTSERV@SHSU.BITNET), and include in the message one line of text:
-
- SUBSCRIBE LITPROG "your name in quotes"
-
- The list is unmoderated; messages sent to litprog@shsu.edu are
- automatically distributed to all subscribers and cross-posted to
- comp.programming.literate.
-
- Archives of the mailing list and newsgroup are maintained on
- niord.shsu.edu [192.92.115.8] in the directory litprog.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * Internet Nodes of Interest to Literate Programmers:
- -----------------------------------------------------
-
- The principal nodes of interest to literate programmers are the Literate
- Programming Archive (LPA hereafter) and the CTAN (Comprehensive TeX
- Archive Network).
-
- The Literate Programming Archive (LPA) is:
-
- Node: ftp.th-darmstadt.de [130.83.55.75]
- Directory: pub/programming/literate-programming
- Notes: Fastest response during off-U.S. [yep] business hours.
-
- The CTAN sites are:
-
- ftp host IP CTAN root Institution and Sponsor
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ftp.TeX.ac.UK 134.151.79.32 pub/archive Aston Univ./UK TeX U.G.
- ftp.Uni-Stuttgart.DE 129.69.8.13 soft/tex Univ. Stuttgart/DANTE e.V
- ftp.SHSU.edu 192.92.115.10 tex-archive Sam Houston State Univ.
-
- Other nodes and directories of interest include:
-
- Node: niord.shsu.edu [192.92.115.8]
- Directory: various (do some snooping!)
- Notes: Has a gopher server.
-
- Node: ftp.desy.de [131.169.10.115]
- Directory: pub/web. Various documents, samples, and the FWEB FAQ.
- Notes: Has a www server, http://info.desy.de:80/
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * What is Literate Programming?
- -------------------------------
-
- Literate programming is the combination of documentation and source
- together in a fashion suited for reading by human beings. In fact,
- literate programs should be enjoyable reading, even inviting! (Sorry
- Bob, I couldn't resist!) In general, literate programs combine source
- and documentation in a single file. Literate programming tools then
- parse the file to produce either readable documentation or compilable
- source. The WEB style of literate programming was created by D.E. Knuth
- during the development of his TeX typsetting software.
-
- All the original work revolves around a particular literate programming
- tool called WEB. Knuth says:
-
- The philosophy behind WEB is that an experienced system
- programmer, who wants to provide the best possible
- documentation of his or her software products, needs two
- things simultaneously: a language like TeX for formatting,
- and a language like C for programming. Neither type of
- language can provide the best documentation by itself; but
- when both are appropriately combined, we obtain a system
- that is much more useful than either language separately.
-
- The structure of a software program may be thought of as a
- web that is made up of many interconnected pieces. To
- document such a program we want to explain each individual
- part of the web and how it relates to its neighbours. The
- typographic tools provided by TeX give us an opportunity to
- explain the local structure of each part by making that
- structure visible, and the programming tools provided by
- languages such as C or Fortran make it possible for us to
- specify the algorithms formally and unambigously. By
- combining the two, we can develop a style of programming
- that maximizes our ability to perceive the structure of a
- complex piece of software, and at the same time the
- documented programs can be mechanically translated into a
- working software system that matches the documentation.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * How to begin literate programming:
- ------------------------------------
-
- A recommended book is D.E. Knuth's collection of articles (1992)
- "Literate Programming," Center for the Study of Language and
- Information, Stanford University, ISBN 0-937073-80-6 (pbk). This book
- gives insight into Knuth's thoughts as he developed the web system of
- literate programming (and TeX for typesetting). It does not document
- methods for literate programming.
-
- A recommended book is Wayne Sewell's (1989) "Weaving a Program: Literate
- Programming in WEB," Van Nostrand Reinhold, ISBN 0-442-31946-0 (pbk).
- This book focuses on using Knuth's web system.
-
- Some talk exists in the newsgroup/mailing list for a Usenet University
- course in literate programming. I'm sure discussion of this topic will
- be welcomed. If you are interested, please participate.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * What Tools are Available:
- ---------------------------
-
- A significant number of tools for literate programming are available.
- Most have been ported from their original systems, so support multiple
- computer platforms. If you are the developer of such a tool, and would
- like to make the software freely available, please send me email and
- I'll reply with a form (like those below) for you to fill in. (Or
- short-circuit the process and kludge a form from below. :-)
-
-
- - C2LaTeX:
- ----------
-
- Developer:
- John D. Ramsdell
-
- System(s) supported:
- Unix
-
- Software supported:
- Programming language: C.
- Text formatter: LaTeX but it's easy to change the formatter.
-
- Availability:
- Anonymous ftp from
- omnigate.clarkson.edu:/pub/tex/tex-programs/c2latex.
-
- Readme:
- Absent. Documentation is in the C source for c2latex.
-
- Brief description:
- C2latex provides simple support for literate programming
- in C. Given a C source file in which the comments have
- been written in LaTeX, c2latex converts the C source file
- into a LaTeX source file. It can be used to produce
- typeset listings of C programs and/or documentation
- associated with the program.
-
- C2latex produces LaTeX source by implementing a small
- number of rules. A C comment that starts at the beginning
- of a line is copied unmodified into the LaTeX source
- file. Otherwise, non-blank lines are surrounded by a pair
- of formatting commands (\begin{flushleft} and
- \end{flushleft}), and the lines are separated by \\*.
- Each non-blank line is formatted using LaTeX's \verb
- command, except comments within the line are formatted in
- an \mbox.
-
- Support:
- Send bug reports to ramsdell@mitre.org.
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - CLip:
- -------
-
- Developer:
- E.W. van Ammers and M.R. Kramer
-
- Systems supported:
- Vax/VMS and MS-DOS.
-
- Software supported:
- An programming language. Plain TeX and LaTeX text
- formatters.
-
- Availability:
- Anonymous ftp from:
- CTAN/web/clip
- LPA/machines/ms-dos
- LPA/machines/vax
- sun01.info.wau.nl/CLIP
-
-
- Readme:
- In distribution.
-
- Brief description:
-
- Support:
- Unknown.
-
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - CWEB:
- -------
-
- Developer:
- Silvio Levy and D.E. Knuth
-
- System(s) supported:
- Unix systems (dos and amiga ports available)
-
- Software supported:
- Languages supported are C and C++. Text formatters are
- plain TeX and LaTeX.
-
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp from:
- labrea.stanford.edu/pub/cweb
- LPA/c.c++
- CTAN/web/c_cpp/cweb
- DOS version in CTAN/web/c_cpp/cwb30p8c
- DOS version in LPA/machines/ms-dos
- Amiga version to be posted soon (look at CTAN).
- Mac port of CTANGLE in LPA/machines/mac
- LaTeX support in LPA/c.c++
-
- Readme:
- bundled with above
-
- Brief description:
-
- Support:
- bugs to levy@math.berkeley.edu
-
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - FunnelWeb:
- ------------
-
- Developer:
- Ross N. Williams: ross@guest.adelaide.edu.au
-
- Systems supported:
- MSDOS, Mac, VMS, Sun. Other ports reported.
-
- Software supported:
- For printing, TeX. Otherwise no restrictions.
-
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp from:
- CTAN/web/funnelweb
- LPA/independent
- ftp.adelaide.edu.au/pub/funnelweb
-
- Readme:
- With bundle above.
-
- Brief description:
- FunnelWeb is a production-quality literate-programming tool
- that emphasises simplicity and reliability. Everything about
- FunnelWeb, from the simplicity of its language to the
- comprehensive tutorial in the user's manual, has been
- designed to make this as simple, as practical, and as usable
- a tool as possible.
-
- Features:
- + Provides a simple macro preprocessor facility.
- + Can produce typeset documentation.
- + Runs on Sun, VMS VAX, Macintosh, PC, and others.
- + Portable C source code distributed under GNU licence.
- + Comprehensive user's manual including tutorial.
- + Programming-language independent.
- + Can generate multiple output files.
- + Allows complete control over the output text.
- + Regression test suite with over 200 tests.
- + Fully worked example (in /pub/funnelweb/examples).
- - Requires TeX to produce typeset documentation.
- - Typesets program code using TT font only.
-
- Support:
- No formal support available. Mailing list maintained with
- about 50 subscribers. Informal assistance available from
- mailing list.
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - FWEB:
- -------
-
- Developer:
- John A. Krommes
-
- System(s) supported:
- Unix and DOS platforms
-
- Software supported:
- C, C++, Fortran-77, Fortran-90, Ratfor, TeX, and LaTeX.
- Text formatters are plain TeX and LaTeX.
-
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp from:
- lyman.pppl.gov/pub/fweb
- CTAN/web/fweb
- LPA/fweb
- DOS version in LPA/machines/ms-dos
-
- Readme:
- In bundle with above.
-
- Brief description:
- It also has a well-developed user's manual and its own FAQ
- (see above). It runs on most platforms: VMS, PC, UNIX, and
- pretty much anything that the GNU C compiler (GCC) is
- supported for.
-
- Support:
- bug reports to krommes@princeton.edu
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - noweb:
- --------
-
- Developer:
- Norman Ramsey <norman@bellcore.com>
-
- System(s) supported:
- Unix and DOS platforms
-
- Software supported:
- All programming languages, plain TeX and LaTeX formatters.
-
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp from:
- csservices.princeton.edu/pub/noweb.shar.Z
- bellcore.com/pub/norman/noweb.shar.Z
- CTAN/web/independent/noweb
- LPA/independent
-
- Readme:
- with bundle above
-
- Brief description:
-
- noweb is designed to meet the needs of literate programmers
- while remaining as simple as possible. Its primary
- advantages are simplicity, extensibility, and
- language-independence. noweb uses 5 control sequences to
- WEB's 27. noweb now supports indexing and identifier
- cross-reference. The simple noweb manual is only 2 pages;
- documenting the full power of noweave and notangle requires
- another 3 pages. noweb works ``out of the box'' with any
- programming language, and its formatter-dependent part is a
- 60-line nawk program. The primary sacrifice relative to WEB
- is the loss of prettyprinting.
-
- Support:
- by email to the author
-
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - NUWEB:
- --------
-
- Developer:
- Preston Briggs: preston@cs.rice.edu
-
- Systems supported:
- Unix systems; Sparcs, RS/6000s, HPs, and (!) MSDOS.
-
- Software supported:
- It's written in C. It works with any programming language
- (or combination of programming languages) and uses Latex as
- its text formatter.
-
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp from:
- Unix: CTAN/web/nuweb
- DOS: CTAN/web/nuweb-pc
- LPA/independent
-
- Readme:
- Send mail to preston@cs.rice.edu
-
- Brief description:
-
- A single program that takes a web file written in a
- combination of latex and any programming language(s) and
- produces a latex file that can be pretty printed and a set
- of files containing code for compilation/interpretation by
- the appropriate language processors.
-
- Strengths include speed, simplicity, multiple languages,
- nice indices and cross-references, latex. Doesn't require
- any special macros or macro files.
-
- Drawbacks: latex-dependent, no code pretty printing, harder
- to make indices than cweb.
-
- More good stuff: nice support for make, doesn't reformat
- source files, so they're easy to debug. Lots of control
- without too much effort. That is, it doesn't do too much!
-
- Future directions... Very little change planned, except
- perhaps refinements in the indexing software.
-
- Support:
- Hack it yourself or send e-mail to preston@cs.rice.edu
-
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - SchemeWEB:
- ------------
-
- Developer:
- John D. Ramsdell
-
- System(s) supported:
- Unix and DOS platforms
-
- Software supported:
- Programming language: Any dialect of Lisp.
- Text formatter: LaTeX.
-
- Availability:
- The Unix version is in the Scheme Repository and it is
- available via anonymous ftp from:
- nexus.yorku.ca/pub/scheme/utl
- LPA/lisp
-
- The DOS version is part of the PCS/Geneva Scheme system
- which is available via anonymous ftp from:
- cui.unige.ch/pub/pcs.
- LPA/machines/ms-dos
-
- Readme:
- In bundle with above.
-
- Brief description:
- SchemeWEB is a Unix or DOS filter that translates
- SchemeWEB source into LaTeX source or Lisp source.
- Lisp code is formatted in typewriter type font and
- the comments are passed to LaTeX unchanged.
-
- Support:
- Send bug reports to ramsdell@mitre.org.
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - Spidery WEB:
- -------------
-
- Developer:
- Norman Ramsey <norman@bellcore.com>
-
- System(s) supported:
- Unix and DOS platforms
-
- Software supported:
- Most Algol-like languages, including C, Ada, Pascal, Awk,
- and many others. Plain TeX and latex for text formatters.
-
- Availability:
- Anonymous ftp from:
- CTAN
-
- Readme:
- In distribution.
-
- Brief description:
- A system for building language-dependent WEBs. Spider is
- frozen; no further development is planned.
-
- Support:
- Bug reports to author.
-
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - WinWordWEB:
- -------------
-
- Developer:
- Lee Wittenberg <leew@pilot.njin.net>
-
- Systems supported:
- Needs Microsoft Word for Windows, v.2.x, and, of course,
- MS-Windows 3.x.
-
- Software supported:
- Any programming language. Word for Windows 2.x for text
- formatting and file maintenance.
-
- Availability:
- anonymous ftp from:
- bart.kean.edu:pub/leew
- World-Wide Web (WWW)
-
- Readme:
- WORDWEB.DOC in the downloadable package describes the
- system.
-
- Brief description:
- WinWordWEB is a set of a Word for Windows macros (plus a
- paragraph style) that provide a crude literate programming
- environment. The ``look and feel'' of the system is based
- on Norman Ramsey's noweb, but can easily be modified to suit
- individual tastes.
-
- Support:
- None. WinWordWEB was written as a prototype to see if a
- WYSIWYG literate programming system was possible. It is
- intended as a jumping off point for future work by others.
- However, the system is surprisingly usable as it stands, and
- the author is interested in hearing from users (satisfied
- and unsatisfied).
-
- Anyone interested in actively supporting (and improving) the
- product should contact the author via email.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * Other resources:
- ------------------
-
- An untapped resource (by me anyway ;-) is the World Wide Web. Marcus
- Speh has expended considerable effort in this regard. If you're
- connected to WWW, then access:
-
- http://info.desy.de/user/projects/LitProg.html
-
- If you aren't connected to WWW, telnet to info.cern.ch and explore.
- You can reach Marcus' literate programming pages by typing:
-
- go http://info.desy.de/user/projects/LitProg.html
-
- Help for people who have only Email and neither WWW nor telnet, can be
- obtained by Email from LISTSERV@INFO.CERN.CH by sending a message
- containing the command HELP. Instructions will be returned by email.
- For literate programming documents, you can try anonymous ftp to
- ftp.desy.de [131.169.10.115] and attach to directory:
-
- /pub/userWWW/projects/Announce
-
- Another resource of interest to literate programmers is the info-tex
- mailing list. If you're using (La)TeX as your typsetting system and
- have access to internet, then you should investigate this mailing list.
- Mail list service is available through the SHSU list-server. To
- subscribe, send a message to LISTSERV@SHSU.EDU (LISTSERV@SHSU.BITNET),
- and include in the message one line of text:
-
- SUBSCRIBE INFO-TEX "your name in quotes"
-
- The list is unmoderated; messages sent to info-tex@shsu.edu are
- automatically distributed to all subscribers and cross-posted to
- comp.text.tex.
-
- Archives of the mailing list and newsgroup are maintained on
- niord.shsu.edu [192.92.115.8] in the directory info-tex.
-
-
- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- - Virtual Coursework:
- ---------------------
-
- Marcus Speh plans an introductory course on Literate Programming on the
- Internet, part of the first semester of "Global Network Academy" [GNA],
- a non-profit corporation incorporated in the state of Texas, affilated
- with the Usenet University project. The texts/sample programs for this
- class will be made available via anonymous FTP. A special room on GNA
- Virtual Campus will be staffed by a consultant in one to two hour
- shifts. Students with questions can telnet to the virtual campus and
- ask questions of the staff there. Tuition: Students should agree to work
- for Global Network Academy in some capacity. This may include agreeing
- to serve as a consultant next term, donating computing resources which
- belong to them, helping with programming, etc. If you are interested in
- registering for the course either as a student or as a consultant,
- please contact marcus@x4u.desy.de. You will receive a standard reply
- message; no further action will be taken until January 94.
-
- [Editor's note: Because of workload, Marcus requests that email
- inquiries be limited to a statement of interest for either a student or
- consultant position until January 1994.]
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * Code Examples:
- ----------------
-
- Examples of web programs are included with the FWEB, CWEB, and noweb
- distributions.
-
- Cameron Smith converted the K&R calculator program into a literate
- program. It can be retrieved by anonymous ftp from:
- niord.shsu.edu [192.92.115.8] directory kr-cweb-sample as
- krcwsamp.zip
- or from
- LPA/Documentation
-
- Ross Williams has released a funnelweb example. You can retrieve this
- file from node ftp.adelaide.edu.au [129.127.40.3] as
- /pub/funnelweb/examples/except.*
- This file should be on CTAN as well.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * Bibliographies:
- -----------------
-
- Nelson Beebe has collected an extensive bibliography treating literate
- programming. His work is available for anonymous ftp from
- ftp.math.utah.edu [128.110.198.2] in directory /pub/tex/bib as files:
- litprog.bib
- litprog.ltx.
- Although I have not verified this, LPA is an alternate source for these
- files. Note that they are updated frequently (Nelson says several times
- each week), so be sure to get a fresh copy before extensive use.
- Joachim Schrod indicates that these files may be updated daily and can
- be retrieved via anonymous ftp at LPA/documentation.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * How to anonymously ftp:
- -------------------------
-
- Pretty much everything mentioned here is available by anonymous FTP.
- FAQ lists cross-posted to news.answers and rec.answers can be gotten
- from rtfm.mit.edu [18.70.0.209], under /pub/usenet/news.answers or under
- /pub/usenet/more.specific.group.name
-
- "anonymous FTP" is just a way for files to be stored where anyone
- can retrieve them over the Net. For example, to retrieve the
- latest version of the literate programming FAQ, do the following:
-
- > ftp rtfm.mit.edu /* connect to the site; message follows */
- > anonymous /* type this when it asks for your name */
- > <your email address> /* type your address as the password */
- > cd /pub/usenet /* go to the directory you want to be */
- > cd comp.programming.literate /* one level down (no slash). */
- > dir /* look at what's there */
- > get literate-progamming-faq /* get the file; case-sensitive */
- > quit /* stop this mysterious thing */
-
- If your FTP program complains that it doesn't know where the site you
- want to use is, type the numerical address instead of the sitename:
-
- > ftp 18.70.0.209 /* connect with numerical address */
-
- If you don't have ftp access, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
- with the single word "help" in the body of the message.
-
- Getting binary files (executables, or any compressed files) is only
- slightly more difficult. You need to set binary mode inside FTP before
- you transfer the file.
-
- > binary /* set binary transfer mode */
- > ascii /* set back to text transfer mode */
-
- FAQs and spoiler lists are generally ascii files; everything else is
- generally binary files.
-
- Some common extensions on binary files in archive sites are:
-
- .Z Compressed; extract with uncompress
- .tar.Z Compressed 'tape archive'; uncompress then untar or tar -xvf
- .gz or .z Gnu gzip; use gunzip (available from prep.gnu.ai.mit.edu)
- .sit (Mac) StufIt archive
- .zip Extract with Zip or Unzip
- .zoo Yet another archive/compress program
- .lhe (Amiga) ?
- .lzh Lha archive program.
- .arj (PC) Arj archive program.
- .exe (PC) Sometimes self-extracting archives-just execute them.
- .uue or .UUE Transfer as text file; use uudecode to convert to binary
- .hqx (Mac) BinHex format; transfer in text mode
-
- Generic help can be found in the FAQs of comp.binaries.<your_system_type>
- for how to transfer, extract, and virus-check binary files. (At
- rtfm.mit.edu)
-
- If you can't FTP from your site, use one of the following ftp-by-mail
- servers:
-
- ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
- ftpmail@src.doc.ic.ac.uk
- ftpmail@cs.uow.edu.au
- ftpmail@grasp.insa-lyon.fr
-
- For complete instructions, send a message reading "help" to the server.
-
- If you don't know exactly what you're looking for, or exactly where it
- is, there are programs and servers that can help you. For more info,
- send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.with with the body of the
- message reading send usenet/news.answers/finding-sources
-
-
- Thanks to Aliza R. Panitz (the "buglady") for this text. I copied it
- verbatim from her post on faq-maintainers with only minor modifications.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * Acknowledgements:
- -------------------
-
- This document would not have happened without the help of many people.
- Among them are Marcus Speh, George Greenwade, Rob Beezer, Joachim
- Schrod, Piet van Oostrum, and Ross N. Williams. A special thanks to
- Aliza R. Panitz for the text describing how to execute an anonymous ftp
- for files of interest.
-
- Any omissions from these acknowledgements should be considered an act of
- stupidity on my part. Of course, the authors of literate programming
- tools mentioned above all play a vital role in the vitality of literate
- programming. Furthermore, participants in the comp.programming.literate
- newsgroup (and associated mailing list) all contributed in various
- fashions. Thank all of you.
-
-
- = ======================================================================
-
- * End notes:
- ------------
-
- This document will be evolving over the next few months. I'm planning
- on adding entries for additional literate programming tools and will
- expand the sections on examples as more examples become available. Tools
- I will include are web (the original pascal version), funnelweb,
- spiderweb, and cnoweb for starters. Others will be added as I find and
- document them. Omission of a particular tool should not be considered a
- snub in any sense--simply an error or oversight on my part.
-
- History:
-
- First release: Fri 10/15/1993 -- Yep, I finally did it!
- Thu 10/21/93 -- Minor change to ftp instructions.
- Fri 10/22/93 -- Minor change to stuttgart ip and fweb.faq version.
- Made reader-recommended changes, lots of re-
- organization, and added a few tools.
- Mon 11/01/93 -- Corrected typo in address.
- Thu 11/11/93 -- Minor change to www.
-
- = End of File ==========================================================
-