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1990-07-13
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Path: uunet!husc6!hao!ames!necntc!ncoast!allbery
From: nwd@j.cc.purdue.edu (Daniel Lawrence)
Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc
Subject: MicroEmacs 3.9 Manual (6 of 6)
Message-ID: <5819@ncoast.UUCP>
Date: 26 Nov 87 04:18:25 GMT
Sender: allbery@ncoast.UUCP
Lines: 1874
Approved: allbery@ncoast.UUCP
X-Archive: comp.sources.misc/8711/17
X &SLEss <str1> <str2> If <str1> is less alphabetically than
X <str2>, return TRUE.
X &SGReater <str1> <str2> If <str1> is alphabetically greater than
X or equal to <str2>, return TRUE.
X &FINd <str> Does the named file <str> exist?
X
X Special Functions:
X
X &INDirect <str> Evaluate <str> as a variable.
X
X This last function deserves more explanation. The &IND
X function evaluates its argument, takes the resulting string, and
X then uses it as a variable name. For example, given the
X following code sequence:
X
X ; set up reference table
X
X set %one "elephant"
X set %two "giraffe"
X
X
X 52
X
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X
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X MicroEMACS Macros MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
X
X set %three "donkey"
X
X set %index "two"
X insert-string &ind %index
X
X the string "giraffe" would have been inserted at the
X point in the current buffer. This indirection can be safely
X nested up to about 10 levels.
X
X
X 12.4 Directives
X
X
X Directives are commands which only operate within an
X executing macro, ie they do not make sense as a single command.
X As such, they cannot be called up singly or bound to keystroke.
X Used within macros, they control what lines are executed and in
X what order.
X
X Directives always start with the exclamation mark (!)
X character and must be the first thing placed on a line.
X Directives executed interactively (via the execute-command-line
X command) will be ignored.
X
X
X 12.4.1 !ENDM Directive
X
X
X This directive is used to terminate a macro being stored.
X For example, if a file is being executed contains the text:
X
X ; Read in a file in view mode, and make the window red
X
X 26 store-macro
X find-file @"File to view: "
X add-mode "view"
X add-mode "red"
X !endm
X
X write-message "[Consult macro has been loaded]"
X
X only the lines between the store-macro command and the
X !ENDM directive are stored in macro 26. Both numbered macroes
X and named procedures (via the store-procedure command) should be
X terminated with this directive.
X
X
X 12.4.2 !FORCE Directive
X
X
X When MicroEMACS executes a macro, if any command fails,
X the macro is terminated at that point. If a line is preceeded by
X a !FORCE directive, execution continues weather the command
X succeeds or not. For example:
X
X
X 53
X
X
X
X
X
X
X MicroEMACS Reference Manual MicroEMACS Macros
X
X
X ; Merge the top two windows
X
X save-window ;remember what window we are at
X 1 next-window ;go to the top window
X delete-window ;merge it with the second window
X !force restore-window ;This will continue regardless
X add-mode "red"
X
X
X 12.4.3 !IF, !ELSE, and !ENDIF Directives
X
X
X This directive allows statements only to be executed if a
X condition specified in the directive is met. Every line
X following the !IF directive, until the first !ELSE or !ENDIF
X directive, is only executed if the expression following the !IF
X directive evaluates to a TRUE value. For example, the following
X macro segment creates the portion of a text file automatically.
X (yes believe me, this will be easier to understand then that last
X explanation....)
X
X !if &sequal %curplace "timespace vortex"
X insert-string "First, rematerialize~n"
X !endif
X !if &sequal %planet "earth" ;If we have landed on earth...
X !if &sequal %time "late 20th century" ;and we are then
X write-message "Contact U.N.I.T."
X !else
X insert-string "Investigate the situation....~n"
X insert-string "(SAY 'stay here Sara')~n"
X !endif
X !else
X set %conditions @"Atmosphere conditions outside? "
X !if &sequal %conditions "safe"
X insert-string &cat "Go outside......" "~n"
X insert-string "lock the door~n"
X !else
X insert-string "Dematerialize..try somewhen else"
X newline
X !endif
X !endif
X
X
X 12.4.4 !GOTO Directive
X
X
X Flow can be controlled within a MicroEMACS macro using
X the !GOTO directive. It takes as an argument a label. A label
X consists of a line starting with an asterisk (*) and then an
X alphanumeric label. Only labels in the currently executing macro
X can be jumped to, and trying to jump to a non-existing label
X terminates execution of a macro. For example..
X
X ;Create a block of DATA statements for a BASIC program
X
X
X 54
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X
X
X insert-string "1000 DATA "
X set %linenum 1000
X
X *nxtin
X update-screen ;make sure we see the changes
X set %data @"Next number: "
X !if &equal %data 0
X !goto finish
X !endif
X
X !if &greater $curcol 60
X 2 delete-previous-character
X newline
X set %linenum &add %linenum 10
X insert-string &cat %linenum " DATA "
X !endif
X
X insert-string &cat %data ", "
X !goto nxtin
X
X *finish
X
X 2 delete-previous-character
X newline
X
X
X 12.4.5 !WHILE and !ENDWHILE Directives
X
X
X This directive allows you to set up repetitive tasks
X easily and efficiently. If a group of statements need to be
X executed while a certain condition is true, enclose them with a
X while loop. For example,
X
X !while &less $curcol 70
X insert-string &cat &cat "[" #stuff "]"
X !endwhile
X
X places items from buffer "item" in the current line until
X the cursor is at or past column 70. While loops may be nested
X and can contain and be the targets of !GOTOs with no ill effects.
X Using a while loop to enclose a repeated task will run much
X faster than the corresponding construct using !IFs.
X
X
X 12.4.6 !BREAK Directive
X
X
X This directive allows the user to abort out of the
X currently most inner while loop, regardless of the condition. It
X is often used to abort processing for error conditions. For
X example:
X
X ; Read in files and substitute "begining" with "beginning"
X
X
X 55
X
X
X
X
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X
X MicroEMACS Reference Manual MicroEMACS Macros
X
X
X set %filename #list
X !while ¬ &seq %filename "<end>"
X !force find-file %filename
X !if &seq $status FALSE
X write-message "[File read error]"
X !break
X !endif
X beginning-of-file
X replace-string "begining" "beginning"
X save-file
X set %filename #list
X !endwhile
X
X This while loop will process files until the list is
X exhausted or there is an error while reading a file.
X
X
X 12.4.7 !RETURN Directive
X
X
X The !RETURN Directive causes the current macro to exit,
X either returning to the caller (if any) or to interactive mode.
X For example:
X
X ; Check the monitor type and set %mtyp
X
X !if &sres "CGA"
X set %mtyp 1
X !return
X !else
X set %mtyp 2
X !endif
X
X insert-string "You are on a MONOCHROME machine!~n"
X
X
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X 56
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X MicroEMACS Command Line Switches and Startup Files MicroEMACS
X Reference Manual
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X Appendix A
X
X MicroEMACS Command Line Switches and Startup Files
X
X
X When EMACS first executes, it always searches for a file,
X called .emacsrc under most UNIX systems or emacs.rc on most other
X systems which it will execute as EMACS macros before it reads in
X the named source files. This file normally contains EMACS macroes
X to bind the function keys to useful functions and load various
X usefull macros. The contents of this file will probably vary
X from system to system and can be modified by the user as desired.
X
X When searching for this file, EMACS looks for it in this
X order. First, it attempts to find a definition for "HOME" in the
X environment. It will look in that directory first. Then it
X searches all the directories listed in the "PATH" environment
X variable. Then it looks through a list of predefined standard
X directories which vary from system to system. Finally, failing
X all of these, it looks in the current directory. This is also
X the same method EMACS uses to look up any files to execute, and
X to find it's help file EMACS.HLP.
X
X On computers that call up EMACS via a command line
X process, such as MSDOS and UNIX, there are different things that
X can be added to the command line to control the way EMACS
X operates. These can be switches, which are a dash ('-') followed
X by a letter, and possible other parameters, or a startup file
X specifier, which is an at sign '@' followed by a file name.
X
X @<file> This causes the named file to be executed instead
X of the standard emacs.rc file before emacs reads
X in any other files. More than one of these can be
X placed on the command line, and they will be
X executed in the order that they appear.
X
X -A This flag causes emacs to automatically run the
X startup file "error.cmd" instead of emacs.rc. This
X is used by various C compilers for error
X processing (for example, Mark Williams C).
X
X -E The following source files on the command line can
X be edited (as opposed to being in VIEW mode). This
X is mainly used to cancel the effects of the -v
X switch used previously in the same command line.
X
X
X
X
X 57
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X
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X
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X
X MicroEMACS Reference Manual MicroEMACS Command Line Switches and
X Startup Files
X
X
X -G<num> Upon entering EMACS, position the cursor at the
X <num> line of the first file.
X
X -K<key> This key tells emacs to place the source files in
X CRYPT mode and read it in using <key> as the
X encryption key. If no key is listed immediatly
X after the -K switch, EMACS will prompt for a key,
X and not echo it as it is typed.
X
X -R This places EMACS in "restricted mode" where any
X commands allowing the user to read or write any
X files other than the ones listed on the command
X line are disabled. Also all commands allowing the
X user access to the operating system are disabled.
X This makes EMACS very useful as a "safe"
X environment for use within other applications and
X especially used as a remote editor for a BBS or
X electronic bulletin board system.
X
X -S<string> After EMACS is started, it automatically searches
X for <string> in the first source file.
X
X -V This tells EMACS that all the following sources
X files on the command line should be in VIEW mode
X to prevent any changes being made to them.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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X
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X 58
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X MicroEMACS commands MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
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X
X
X
X
X Appendix B
X
X MicroEMACS commands
X
X
X Below is a complete list of the commands in EMACS, the
X keys normally used to do the command, and what the command does.
X Remember, on some computers there may also be additional ways of
X using a command (cursor keys and special function keys for
X example).
X
X Command Binding Meaning
X abort-command ^G This allows the user to abort out of any
X command that is waiting for input
X
X add-mode ^X-M Add a mode to the current buffer
X
X add-global-mode M-M Add a global mode for all new buffers
X
X apropos M-A List out commands whose name contains
X the string specified
X
X backward-character ^B Move one character to the left
X
X begin-macro ^X-( Begin recording a keyboard macro
X
X beginning-of-file M-< Move to the beginning of the file in
X the current buffer
X
X beginning-of-line ^A Move to the beginning of the current line
X
X bind-to-key M-K Bind a key to a function
X
X buffer-position ^X-= List the position of the cursor in the
X current window on the command line
X
X case-region-lower ^X-^L Make a marked region all lower case
X
X case-region-upper ^X-^U Make a marked region all upper case
X
X case-word-capitalize M-C Capitalize the following word
X
X case-word-lower M-L Lower case the following word
X
X case-word-upper M-U Upper case the following word
X
X change-file-name ^X-N Change the name of the file in the
X current buffer
X
X
X 59
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X
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X
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X MicroEMACS Reference Manual MicroEMACS commands
X
X
X change-screen-size M-^S Change the number of lines of the screen
X currently being used
X
X change-screen-width M-^T Change the number of columns of the
X screen currently being used
X
X clear-and-redraw ^L Clear the physical screen and redraw it
X
X clear-message-line (none) Clear the command line
X
X copy-region M-W Copy the currently marked region into
X the kill buffer
X
X count-words M-^C Count how many words, lines and
X characters are in the current marked region
X
X ctlx-prefix ^X Change the key used as the ^X prefix
X
X delete-blank-lines ^X-^O Delete all blank lines around the cursor
X
X delete-buffer ^X-K Delete a buffer which is not being
X currently displayed in a window
X
X delete-mode ^X-^M Turn off a mode in the current buffer
X
X delete-global-mode M-^M Turn off a global mode
X
X delete-next-character ^D Delete the character following the cursor
X
X delete-next-word M-D Delete the word following the cursor
X
X delete-other-windows ^X-1 Make the current window cover the entire
X screen
X
X delete-previous-character^H Delete the character to the left of the
X cursor
X
X delete-previous-word M-^H Delete the word to the left of the cursor
X
X delete-window ^X-0 Remove the current window from the screen
X
X describe-bindings (none) Make a list of all legal commands
X
X describe-key ^X-? Describe what command is bound to a
X keystroke sequence
X
X detab-line ^X-^D Change all tabs in a line to the
X equivelant spaces
X
X end-macro ^X-) stop recording a keyboard macro
X
X end-of-file M-> Move cursor to the end of the current
X buffer
X
X
X
X 60
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X MicroEMACS commands MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
X
X end-of-line ^E Move to the end of the current line
X
X entab-line ^X-^E Change multiple spaces to tabs where
X possible
X
X exchange-point-and-mark ^X-^X Move cursor to the last marked spot,
X make the original position be marked
X
X execute-buffer (none) Execute a buffer as a macro
X
X execute-command-line (none) Execute a line typed on the command
X line as a macro command
X
X execute-file FNB Execute a file as a macro
X
X execute-macro ^X-E Execute the keyboard macro (play back
X the recorded keystrokes)
X execute-macro-<n> (none) Execute numbered macro <N> where <N> is
X an integer from 1 to 40
X
X execute-named-command M-X Execute a command by name
X
X execute-procedure M-^E Execute a procedure by name
X
X execute-program ^X-$ Execute a program directly (not through
X an intervening shell)
X
X exit-emacs ^X-^C Exit EMACS. If there are unwritten,
X changed buffers EMACS will ask to confirm
X
X fill-paragraph M-Q Fill the current paragraph
X
X filter-buffer ^X-# Filter the current buffer through an
X external filter
X
X find-file ^X-^F Find a file to edit in the current window
X
X forward-character ^F Move cursor one character to the right
X
X goto-line M-G Goto a numbered line
X
X goto-matching-fence M-^F Goto the matching fence
X
X grow-window ^X-^ Make the current window larger
X
X handle-tab ^I Insert a tab or set tab stops
X
X hunt-forward FN= Hunt for the next match of the last
X search string
X
X hunt-backward FN> Hunt for the last match of the last
X search string
X
X help M-? Read EMACS.HLP into a buffer and display it
X
X
X 61
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X MicroEMACS Reference Manual MicroEMACS commands
X
X
X i-shell ^X-C Shell up to a new command processor
X
X incremental-search ^X-S Search for a string, incrementally
X
X insert-file ^X-^I insert a file at the cursor in the
X current file
X
X insert-space ^C Insert a space to the right of the cursor
X
X insert-string (none) Insert a string at the cursor
X
X kill-paragraph M-^W Delete the current paragraph
X
X kill-region ^W Delete the current marked region, moving
X it to the kill buffer
X
X kill-to-end-of-line ^K Delete the rest of the current line
X
X list-buffers ^X-^B List all existing buffers
X
X meta-prefix <ESC> Key used to precede all META commands
X
X move-window-down ^X-^N Move all the lines in the current window
X down
X
X move-window-up ^X-^P Move all the lines in the current window up
X
X name-buffer M-^N Change the name of the current buffer
X
X newline ^M Insert a <NL> at the cursor
X
X newline-and-indent ^J Insert a <NL> at the cursor and indent
X the new line the same as the preceeding
X line
X
X next-buffer ^X-X Bring the next buffer in the list into
X the current window
X
X next-line ^N Move the cursor down one line
X
X next-page ^V Move the cursor down one page
X
X next-paragraph M-N Move cursor to the next paragraph
X
X next-window ^X-O Move cursor to the next window
X
X next-word M-F Move cursor to the beginning of the
X next word
X
X nop M-FNC Does nothing
X
X open-line ^O Open a line at the cursor
X
X overwrite-string (none) Overwrite a string at the cursor
X
X
X 62
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X MicroEMACS commands MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
X
X pipe-command ^X-@ Execute an external command and place
X its output in a buffer
X
X previous-line ^P Move cursor up one line
X
X previous-page ^Z Move cursor up one page
X
X previous-paragraph M-P Move back one paragraph
X
X previous-window ^X-P Move the cursor to the last window
X
X previous-word M-B Move the cursor to the beginning of the
X word to the left of the cursor
X
X query-replace-string M-^R Replace all of one string with another
X string, interactively querying the user
X
X quick-exit M-Z Exit EMACS, writing out all changed buffers
X
X quote-character ^Q Insert the next character literally
X
X read-file ^X-^R Read a file into the current buffer
X
X redraw-display M-^L Redraw the display, centering the
X current line
X
X resize-window ^X-W Change the number of lines in the
X current window
X
X restore-window (none) Move cursor to the last saved window
X
X replace-string M-R Replace all occurences of one string
X with another string from the cursor
X to the end of the buffer
X
X reverse-incremental-search^X-R Search backwards, incrementally
X
X run M-^E Execute a named procedure
X
X save-file ^X-^S Save the current buffer if it is changed
X
X save-window (none) Remember current window (to restore later)
X
X scroll-next-up M-^Z Scroll the next window up
X
X scroll-next-down M-^V Scroll the next window down
X
X search-forward ^S Search for a string
X
X search-reverse ^R Search backwards for a string
X
X select-buffer ^X-B Select a buffer to display in the
X current window
X
X
X
X 63
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X MicroEMACS Reference Manual MicroEMACS commands
X
X
X set ^X-A Set a variable to a value
X
X set-encryption-key M-E Set the encryption key of the current
X buffer
X
X set-fill-column ^X-F Set the current fill column
X
X set-mark Set the mark
X
X shell-command ^X-! Causes an external shell to execute
X a command
X
X shrink-window ^X-^Z Make the current window smaller
X
X split-current-window ^X-2 Split the current window in two
X
X store-macro (none) Store the following macro lines to a
X numbered macro
X
X store-procedure (none) Store the following macro lines to a
X named procedure
X
X transpose-characters ^T Transpose the character at the cursor
X with the character to the left
X
X trim-line ^X-^T Trim any trailing whitespace from line
X
X unbind-key M-^K Unbind a key from a function
X
X universal-argument ^U Execute the following command 4 times
X
X unmark-buffer M-~ Unmark the current buffer (so it is
X no longer changed)
X
X update-screen (none) Force a screen update during macro
X execution
X
X view-file ^X-^V Find a file,and put it in view mode
X
X wrap-word M-FNW Wrap the current word, this is an
X internal function
X
X write-file ^X-^W Write the current buffer under a new
X file name
X
X write-message (none) Display a string on the command line
X
X yank ^Y yank the kill buffer into the current
X buffer at the cursor
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X 64
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X MicroEMACS Bindings MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
X
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X
X
X
X
X
X Appendix C
X
X MicroEMACS Bindings
X
X
X Below is a complete list of the key bindings used in
X MicroEMACS. This can be used as a wall chart reference for
X MicroEMACS commands.
X
X Default Key Bindings for MicroEmacs 3.9e
X
X ^A Move to start of line ESC A Apropos (list some commands)
X ^B Move backward by characters ESC B Backup by words
X ^C Insert space ESC C Initial capitalize word
X ^D Forward delete ESC D Delete forward word
X ^E Goto end of line ESC E Reset Encryption Key
X ^F Move forward by characters ESC F Advance by words
X ^G Abort out of things ESC G Go to a line
X ^H Backward delete
X ^I Insert tab/Set tab stops
X ^J Insert <NL>, then indent
X ^K Kill forward ESC K Bind Key to function
X ^L Refresh the screen ESC L Lower case word
X ^M Insert <NL> ESC M Add global mode
X ^N Move forward by lines ESC N Goto End paragraph
X ^O Open up a blank line
X ^P Move backward by lines ESC P Goto Begining of paragraph
X ^Q Insert literal ESC Q Fill current paragraph
X ^R Search backwards ESC R Search and replace
X ^S Search forward
X ^T Transpose characters
X ^U Repeat command four times ESC U Upper case word
X ^V Move forward by pages ESC V Move backward by pages
X ^W Kill region ESC W Copy region to kill buffer
X ^Y Yank back from killbuffer ESC X Execute named command
X ^Z Move backward by pages ESC Z Save all buffers and exit
X
X ESC ^C Count words in region ESC ~ Unmark current buffer
X ESC ^E Execute named procedure
X ESC ^F Goto matching fence ESC ! Reposition window
X ESC ^H Delete backward word ESC < Move to start of buffer
X ESC ^K Unbind Key from function ESC > Move to end of buffer
X ESC ^L Reposition window ESC . Set mark
X ESC ^M Delete global mode ESC space Set mark
X ESC ^N Rename current buffer ESC rubout Delete backward word
X ESC ^R Search & replace w/query rubout Backward delete
X ESC ^S Change screen rows
X ESC ^T Change screen columns
X
X
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X
X
X ESC ^V Scroll next window down
X ESC ^W Delete Paragraph
X ESC ^Z Scroll next window up
X
X ^X ? Describe a key ^X ! Run 1 command in a shell
X ^X = Show the cursor position ^X @ Pipe shell command to buffer
X ^X ^ Enlarge display window ^X # Filter buffer thru shell filter
X ^X 0 Delete current window ^X $ Execute an external program
X ^X 1 Delete other windows ^X ( Begin macro
X ^X 2 Split current window ^X ) End macro
X ^X A Set variable value
X ^X ^B Display buffer list ^X B Switch a window to a buffer
X ^X ^C Exit MicroEMACS ^X C Start a new command processor
X ^X ^D Detab line ^X D Suspend MicroEMACS (BSD4.2 only)
X ^X ^E Entab line ^X E Execute macro
X ^X ^F Find file ^X F Set fill column
X ^X ^I Insert file
X ^X K Delete buffer
X ^X ^L Lower case region
X ^X ^M Delete Mode ^X M Add a mode
X ^X ^N Move window down ^X N Rename current filename
X ^X ^O Delete blank lines ^X O Move to the next window
X ^X ^P Move window up ^X P Move to the previous window
X ^X ^R Get a file from disk ^X R Incremental reverse search
X ^X ^S Save current file ^X S Incremental forward search
X ^X ^T Trim line (Incremental search
X ^X ^U Upper case region not always availible)
X ^X ^V View file
X ^X ^W Write a file to disk ^X W resize Window
X ^X ^X Swap "." and mark ^X X Use next buffer
X ^X ^Z Shrink window ^X Z Enlarge display window
X
X Usable Modes
X WRAP Lines going past right margin "wrap" to a new line
X VIEW Read-Only mode where no modifications are allowed
X CMODE Change behavior of some commands to work better with C
X EXACT Exact case matching on search strings
X OVER Overwrite typed characters instead of inserting them
X CRYPT Current buffer will be encrypted on write, decrypted on read
X MAGIC Use regular expression matching in searches
X ASAVE Save the file every 256 inserted characters
X
X WHITE/CYAN/MAGENTA/YELLOW/BLUE/RED/GREEN/BLACK Sets foreground color
X white/cyan/magenta/yellow/blue/red/green/black Sets background color
X
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X 66
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X Supported machines MicroEMACS Reference Manual
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X
X
X Appendix D
X
X Supported machines
X
X
X The following table lists all the hardware/compilers for
X which I currently support MicroEMACS. This is not exclusive of
X all machines which MicroEMACS will run on, but I have either run
X it myself, or had a first hand report of it running.
X
X Hardware OS Compiler Comments
X VAX 780 UNIX V5 native
X UNIX V7 native
X BSD 4.2 native job control supported
X *VMS native only some terminals
X supported
X
X NCR Tower UNIX V5 native
X
X Fortune 32:16 UNIX V7 native
X
X IBM-PC MSDOS LATTICE 2.15 Large CODE/Large DATA
X 2.0 & 3.2 AZTEC 3.4e Small CODE/Large DATA
X TURBO C v1.00 LARGE memory model
X *MSC 4.0
X *MWC 86
X SCO XENIX native
X
X HP150 MSDOS Lattice 2.15 Function key labels
X for the touch screen
X
X HP110 MSDOS Lattice 2.15
X Aztec 3.4e
X
X *Data General 10
X MSDOS Lattice 2.15
X
X *Texas Instruments Professional
X MSDOS Lattice 2.15
X
X Amiga Intuition Lattice 3.03 no mouse or menus yet
X *Aztec 3
X
X ST520 TOS Mark Williams C Spawns under MSH
X Lattice 3.10 (no shell commands)
X
X Systems to be supported (ie some code is already written:)
X Macintosh Finder 5.0 Aztec
X
X
X 67
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X
X
X
X
X MicroEMACS Reference Manual Supported machines
X
X
X *means that I do not own or have access to the listed compiler and/or
X machine and must rely upon others to help support it.
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X 68
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X Machine Dependent Notes MicroEMACS Reference Manual
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X
X
X Appendix E
X
X Machine Dependent Notes
X
X
X This appendix lists some notes specific to individual
X implementations of MicroEMACS. Every attempt has been made to
X allow EMACS to be identical on all machines, but we have also
X tried to take advantage of function keys, cursor keys, mice, and
X special screen modes where possible.
X
X
X E.1 IBM-PC/XT/AT and its clones
X
X
X The IBM-PC family of computers is supported with a
X variety of different display adapters. EMACS will attempt to
X discover what adapter is connected and use the proper driver for
X it. Below is a list of the currently supported video adapters:
X
X Adapter $sres Original mode used
X Monochrome Graphics Adapter MONO MONO
X Color Graphics Adapter CGA CGA
X Enhanced Graphics Adapter EGA CGA
X
X EMACS also takes advantege of various function keys and
X the keys on the keypad on an IBM-PC. The function keys are
X initially not bound to any particular functions (except by the
X emacs.rc startup file), but the keypad keys do default to the
X following:
X
X Keypad key Function
X Home beginning-of-file
X CSRS UP previous-line
X Pg Up previous-page
X CSRS LEFT backward-character
X CSRS RIGHT forward-character
X End end-of-file
X CSRS DOWN next-line
X Pg Dn Next-page
X
X All these special keys are indicated in EMACS macroes by
X use of the FN prefix. Below is a list of many of the keys and
X the codes used to specify them. Also the codes may be gotten by
X using the describe-key (^X ?) command on the suspect key.
X
X
X
X
X
X 69
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X
X
X MicroEMACS Reference Manual Machine Dependent Notes
X
X
X IBM PC function keys in MicroEmacs
X
X function Function ^function Alt-function
X f1) FN; FNT FN^ FNh
X f2) FN< FNU FN_ FNi
X f3) FN= FNV FN` FNj
X f4) FN> FNW FNa FNk
X f5) FN? FNX FNb FNl
X f6) FN@ FNY FNc FNm
X f7) FNA FNZ FNd FNn
X f8) FNB FN[ FNe FNo
X f9) FNC FN\ FNf FNp
X f10) FND FN] FNg FNq
X
X home) FNG FNw
X CsUp) FNH
X PgUp) FNI FNa(umlaut) {Alt 132}
X CsLf) FNK FNs
X 5 )
X CsRt) FNM FNt
X End) FNO FNu
X CsDn) FNP
X PgDn) FNQ FNv
X Ins) FNR
X Del) FNS
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X Machine Dependent Notes MicroEMACS Reference Manual
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X
X
X
X E.2 HP 150
X
X
X This machine from Hewlett Packard is very unusual for an
X MSDOS machine. It has a touch screen and is very function key
X oriented. An additional command, label-function-key allows you
X to place labels on the on screen function key labels. A numeric
X argument indicates which function key to label (one through
X eight) and then the program prompts for a 16 character label,
X which will be used as two lines of eight characters. To label
X function key three with "save file" from a macro, you would use:
X
X 3 label-function-key "save file"
X
X Notice the 4 spaces after "save". This forces "file" to
X begin on the second line of the label.
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X 71
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X MicroEMACS Reference Manual Machine Dependent Notes
X
X
X
X
X E.3 Atari 520/1040ST
X
X
X The ATARI ST family of computers have a dual personality.
X They may use either a monochrome or a color screen. EMACS
X supports two screen resolutions on each monitor.
X
X Monitor $sres size #color $palette format
X Color LOW 40x25 16 000111222333444555666777
X MEDIUM 80x25 4 000111222333
X Mono HIGH 80x25 2 000
X DENSE 80x50 2 000
X
X The $palette environment variable can be used to change
X what color is associated with each color name. With a color
X monitor, each group of three digits indicates an octal number
X specifying the RED, GREEN and BLUE levels of that color. Each
X color digit can vary from 0 to 7. For example, the initial
X setting of $palette in LOW resolution is:
X
X 000700070770007707077777
X
X which broken up is:
X
X 000 700 070 770 007 707 077 777
X
X which means:
X
X 000 Black
X 700 Red
X 070 Green
X 770 Yellow
X 007 Blue
X 707 Magenta
X 077 Cyan
X 777 White
X
X Also the mouse generates FN prefix codes when moved, or
X when one of the two buttons is pressed. Initially the movement of
X the mouse is bound to movement of the cursor, and the left mouse
X button generates a set-mark (M-space) command. The cursor keys
X and the function keys are bound similarly to to IBM-PC.
X
X Files generated by EMACS on the ATARI ST have a single
X return character at the end of each line, unlike the desktop
X files which want to have tow returns. This makes it display files
X strangly from GEM's [SHOW] option, but makes the files port to
X other computers much nicer.
X
X Currently, when operating under the Mark Williams MSH
X program, EMACS can shell out and perform external commands. This
X
X
X
X 72
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X
X Machine Dependent Notes MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
X
X capability will be added later for the Beckmeyer shell and under
X GEMDOS.
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X 73
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X MicroEMACS Reference Manual Machine Dependent Notes
X
X
X
X
X E.4 Amiga 1000
X
X
X The Commodore AMIGA 1000 version of MicroEMACS does not
X have extensive support of the mouse or of pull down menus as of
X yet. It does however come up in a window, and it is possible to
X re-size it to run in different sized windows. The M-^S change-
X screen-size takes its numeric argument as the new number of lines
X for EMACS to use. The M-^T change-screen-width command allows
X you to change the number of columns EMACS will use. The defaults
X for these are 23 lines and 77 characters across for a full screen
X window.
X
X Note about Compiling MicroEMACS
X
X If you are compiling the sources on the AMIGA
X to produce an executable image, and you are using the
X Lattice compiler, be sure to give the CLI command
X 'STACK 40000' before compiling to make sure the
X compiler has sufficient stack space to successfully
X complete compiliation.
X
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X Machine Dependent Notes MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
X
X
X
X E.5 UNIX V5, V7, and BSD4.[23]
X
X
X MicroEMACS under UNIX utilizes the TERMCAP library to
X provide machine independent screen functions. Make sure that
X termcap is availible and properly set on your account before
X attempting to use MicroEMACS.
X
X Under systems which support job control, you can use the
X ^X-D suspend-emacs command to place EMACS into the background.
X This carries a much smaller overhead than bringing up a new shell
X under EMACS. EMACS will properly redraw the screen when you
X bring it back to the foreground.
X
X If the symbol VT100 has been set to 1 in the estruct.h
X options file, EMACS will recognize the key sequence <ESC>[ as the
X lead in sequence for the FN function key prefix.
X
X With the addition of some very machine/operating system
X specific code, EMACS can prevent two or more people from
X modifying the same file at the same time. The upper level of a
X set of functions to provide file locking exist in the source file
X LOCK.C. It requires two machine specific functions written and
X linked into EMACS for it to operate properly.
X
X char *dolock(fname)
X
X char *fname;
X
X dolock() locks a file, preventing others from modifying it. If
X it succeeds, it returns NULL, otherwise it returns a pointer to
X a string in the form "LOCK ERROR: explaination".
X
X char *undolock(fname)
X
X char *fname;
X
X undolock() unlocks a file, allowing others to modifying it. If
X it succeeds, it returns NULL, otherwise it returns a pointer to
X a string in the form "LOCK ERROR: explaination".
X
X
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X 75
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X
X MicroEMACS Reference Manual Mode Flags
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X Appendix F
X
X Mode Flags
X
X
X The two environment variables, $cmode and $gmode, contain
X a number the corresponds to the modes set for the current buffer
X and the editor as a whole. These are encoded as the sum of the
X following numbers for each of the possible modes:
X
X WRAP 1 Word wrap
X CMODE 2 C indentation and fence match
X SPELL 4 Interactive spell checking (Not Implemented Yet)
X EXACT 8 Exact matching for searches
X VIEW 16 Read-only buffer
X OVER 32 Overwrite mode
X MAGIC 64 Regular expressions in search
X CRYPT 128 Encrytion mode active
X ASAVE 256 Auto-save mode
X
X So, if you wished to set the current buffer to have
X CMODE, EXACT, and MAGIC on, and all the others off, you would add
X up the values for those three, CMODE 2 + EXACT 8 + MAGIC 64 =
X 74, and use a statement like:
X
X set $cmode 74
X
X or, use the binary or operator to combine the different
X modes:
X
X set $cmode &bor &bor 2 8 64
X
X Internal Flags
X
X Some of the ways EMACS controls its internal functions
X can be modified by the value in the $gflags environment variable.
X Each bit in this variable will be used to control a different
X function.
X
X GFFLAG 1 If this bit is set to zero, EMACS will not
X automatically switch to the buffer of the
X first file after executing the startup macros.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X 76
X
X
X
X
X
X
X Index MicroEMACS Reference Manual
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X Index
X
X
X .emacsrc 57 delete-mode 27
X <NL> 14 delete-next-
X character 9
X A delete-next-word 9
X add-global-mode 27 delete-previous-
X add-mode 3, 27 character 8
X ASAVE mode 27 delete-previous-word
X 9
X B detab-line 38
X backward-character 4
X BBS 58 E
X begin-macro 43 emacs.rc 57
X beginning-of-file 4, encryption 28
X 9 end-macro 43
X beginning-of-line 4 end-of-file 4
X buffer 5, 7, 24 end-of-line 4
X entab-lines 38
X C error parsing 57
X case-region-lower 37 EXACT mode 29
X case-word-capitalize execute-buffer 45
X 37 execute-file 45
X case-word-lower 37 execute-macro 43
X case-word-upper 37 execute-macro-<n> 45
X change-screen-size execute-procedure 45
X 74 execute-program 40
X change-screen-width exit-emacs 9
X 74
X CMODE mode 28 F
X color 27 file locking 75
X command.com 40 fill-paragraph 8, 36
X command line 18 fill column 31
X command processor 40 filter 40
X control-x 1 find-file 19, 24
X control key 1 forward-character 4
X copy-region 12
X CRYPT mode 28, 58 G
X cshell 40 grow-window 20
X cursor keys 4
X H
X D handle-tab 38
X default string 15 Help File 57
X delete-blank-lines 9 HOME environment
X delete-buffer 25 variable 57
X delete-global-mode
X 27
X
X
X 77
X
X
X
X
X
X
X MicroEMACS Reference Manual Index
X
X
X refresh-screen 21
X I replace-string 16,
X i-shell 41 30
X resize-window 20
X K restricted mode 58
X kill-region 11 run 45
X kill-to-end-of-line
X 9 S
X kill buffer 12 save-file 5
X screen 7
X L scroll-next-down 19
X label-function-key scroll-next-up 19
X 71 search-forward 14
X list-buffers 25, 27 search-reverse 15
X select-buffer 24
X M set-encryption-key
X MAGIC mode 29 28
X mark 11 set-fill-column 36
X meta key 1 set-mark 11
X mode line 2, 7 shell 40
X modes 3, 27 shell-command 40
X move-window-down 19 shrink-window 20
X move-window-up 19 special keys 1
X split-window 18
X N startup files 57
X newline 1 store-procedure 45
X next-buffer 24 suspend-emacs 41, 75
X next-line 4 switches 57
X next-paragraph 4
X T
X O tab handling 38
X open-line 8 termcap 75
X open-window 18 text window 2
X OVER mode 30
X V
X P VIEW mode 31
X PATH environment
X variable 57 W
X pipe-command 40 window 7
X point 11 windows 2, 18
X previous-line 4 Creating 18
X previous-paragraph 4 Deleting 19
X previous-window 18 Resizing 20
X previous-word 4 wrap-word 31
X procedures 45 WRAP mode 31
X wrapping text 36
X Q write-file 5
X query-replace 16
X query-replace-string Y
X 16, 30 yank 12
X
X R
X redraw-display 20
X
X
X
X 78
X
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X
X
X
X
X Table of Contents
X
X
X
X
X
X Chapter 1 Basic Concepts 1
X 1.1 Keys and the Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
X 1.2 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
X 1.3 Parts and Pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
X 1.4 Entering Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
X 1.5 Basic cursor movement . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
X 1.6 Saving your text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
X
X Chapter 2 Basic Editing--Simple Insertions and
X Deletions 7
X 2.1 A Word About Windows, Buffers, Screens, and
X Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
X 2.2 Insertions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
X 2.3 Deletions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
X
X Chapter 3 Using Regions 11
X 3.1 Defining and Deleting a Region . . . . . . 11
X 3.2 Yanking a Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
X
X Chapter 4 Search and Replace 14
X 4.1 Forward Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
X 4.2 Exact Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
X 4.3 Backward Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
X 4.4 Searching and Replacing . . . . . . . . . . 15
X 4.5 Query-Replace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
X
X Chapter 5 Windows 18
X 5.1 Creating Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
X 5.2 Deleting Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
X 5.3 Resizing Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
X 5.4 Repositioning within a Window . . . . . . . 20
X
X Chapter 6 Buffers 24
X
X Chapter 7 Modes 27
X 7.1 ASAVE mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
X 7.2 CMODE mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
X 7.3 CRYPT mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
X 7.4 EXACT mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
X 7.5 MAGIC mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
X 7.6 OVER mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
X 7.7 WRAP mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
X 7.8 VIEW mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
X
X
X
X
X i
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X
X
X
X
X Chapter 8 Files 33
X
X Chapter 9 Screen Formatting 36
X 9.1 Wrapping Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
X 9.2 Reformatting Paragraphs . . . . . . . . . . 36
X 9.3 Changing Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
X 9.4 Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
X
X Chapter 10 Access to the Outside World 40
X
X Chapter 11 Keyboard Macros 43
X
X Chapter 12 MicroEMACS Macros 45
X 12.1 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
X 12.2 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
X 12.2.1 Environmental Variables . . . . . . . 47
X 12.2.2 User variables . . . . . . . . . . . 49
X 12.2.3 Buffer Variables . . . . . . . . . . 49
X 12.2.4 Interactive variables . . . . . . . . 50
X 12.3 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
X 12.4 Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
X 12.4.1 !ENDM Directive . . . . . . . . . . . 53
X 12.4.2 !FORCE Directive . . . . . . . . . . 53
X 12.4.3 !IF, !ELSE, and !ENDIF Directives . . 54
X 12.4.4 !GOTO Directive . . . . . . . . . . . 54
X 12.4.5 !WHILE and !ENDWHILE Directives . . . 55
X 12.4.6 !BREAK Directive . . . . . . . . . . 55
X 12.4.7 !RETURN Directive . . . . . . . . . . 56
X
X Appendix A MicroEMACS Command Line Switches and
X Startup Files 57
X
X Appendix B MicroEMACS commands 59
X
X Appendix C MicroEMACS Bindings 65
X
X Appendix D Supported machines 67
X
X Appendix E Machine Dependent Notes 69
X E.1 IBM-PC/XT/AT and its clones . . . . . . . . 69
X E.2 HP 150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
X E.3 Atari 520/1040ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
X E.4 Amiga 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
X E.5 UNIX V5, V7, and BSD4.[23] . . . . . . . . 75
X
X Appendix F Mode Flags 76
X
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X
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X ii
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FRIDAY_NIGHT
