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Usenet 1994 October
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usenetsourcesnewsgroupsinfomagicoctober1994disk2.iso
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unix
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volume26
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calc
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part05
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comfunc.c
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C/C++ Source or Header
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1992-05-09
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10KB
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517 lines
/*
* Copyright (c) 1992 David I. Bell
* Permission is granted to use, distribute, or modify this source,
* provided that this copyright notice remains intact.
*
* Extended precision complex arithmetic non-primitive routines
*/
#include "calc.h"
/*
* Round a complex number to the specified number of decimal places.
* This simply means to round each of the components of the number.
* Zero decimal places means round to the nearest complex integer.
*/
COMPLEX *
cround(c, places)
COMPLEX *c;
long places;
{
COMPLEX *res; /* result */
res = comalloc();
res->real = qround(c->real, places);
res->imag = qround(c->imag, places);
return res;
}
/*
* Round a complex number to the specified number of binary decimal places.
* This simply means to round each of the components of the number.
* Zero binary places means round to the nearest complex integer.
*/
COMPLEX *
cbround(c, places)
COMPLEX *c;
long places;
{
COMPLEX *res; /* result */
res = comalloc();
res->real = qbround(c->real, places);
res->imag = qbround(c->imag, places);
return res;
}
/*
* Compute the result of raising a complex number to an integer power.
*/
COMPLEX *
cpowi(c, q)
COMPLEX *c; /* complex number to be raised */
NUMBER *q; /* power to raise it to */
{
COMPLEX *tmp, *res; /* temporary values */
long power; /* power to raise to */
unsigned long bit; /* current bit value */
int sign;
if (qisfrac(q))
error("Raising number to non-integral power");
if (isbig(q->num))
error("Raising number to very large power");
power = (istiny(q->num) ? z1tol(q->num) : z2tol(q->num));
if (ciszero(c) && (power == 0))
error("Raising zero to zeroth power");
sign = 1;
if (qisneg(q))
sign = -1;
/*
* Handle some low powers specially
*/
if (power <= 4) {
switch ((int) (power * sign)) {
case 0:
return clink(&_cone_);
case 1:
return clink(c);
case -1:
return cinv(c);
case 2:
return csquare(c);
case -2:
tmp = csquare(c);
res = cinv(tmp);
comfree(tmp);
return res;
case 3:
tmp = csquare(c);
res = cmul(c, tmp);
comfree(tmp);
return res;
case 4:
tmp = csquare(c);
res = csquare(tmp);
comfree(tmp);
return res;
}
}
/*
* Compute the power by squaring and multiplying.
* This uses the left to right method of power raising.
*/
bit = TOPFULL;
while ((bit & power) == 0)
bit >>= 1L;
bit >>= 1L;
res = csquare(c);
if (bit & power) {
tmp = cmul(res, c);
comfree(res);
res = tmp;
}
bit >>= 1L;
while (bit) {
tmp = csquare(res);
comfree(res);
res = tmp;
if (bit & power) {
tmp = cmul(res, c);
comfree(res);
res = tmp;
}
bit >>= 1L;
}
if (sign < 0) {
tmp = cinv(res);
comfree(res);
res = tmp;
}
return res;
}
/*
* Calculate the square root of a complex number, with each component
* within the specified error. This uses the formula:
* sqrt(a+bi) = sqrt((a+sqrt(a^2+b^2))/2) + sqrt((-a+sqrt(a^2+b^2))/2)i.
*/
COMPLEX *
csqrt(c, epsilon)
COMPLEX *c;
NUMBER *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *r;
NUMBER *hypot, *tmp1, *tmp2;
if (ciszero(c) || cisone(c))
return clink(c);
r = comalloc();
if (cisreal(c)) {
if (!qisneg(c->real)) {
r->real = qsqrt(c->real, epsilon);
return r;
}
tmp1 = qneg(c->real);
r->imag = qsqrt(tmp1, epsilon);
qfree(tmp1);
return r;
}
hypot = qhypot(c->real, c->imag, epsilon);
tmp1 = qadd(hypot, c->real);
tmp2 = qscale(tmp1, -1L);
qfree(tmp1);
r->real = qsqrt(tmp2, epsilon);
qfree(tmp2);
tmp1 = qsub(hypot, c->real);
qfree(hypot);
tmp2 = qscale(tmp1, -1L);
qfree(tmp1);
tmp1 = qsqrt(tmp2, epsilon);
qfree(tmp2);
if (qisneg(c->imag)) {
tmp2 = qneg(tmp1);
qfree(tmp1);
tmp1 = tmp2;
}
r->imag = tmp1;
return r;
}
/*
* Take the Nth root of a complex number, where N is a positive integer.
* Each component of the result is within the specified error.
*/
COMPLEX *
croot(c, q, epsilon)
COMPLEX *c;
NUMBER *q, *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *r;
NUMBER *a2pb2, *root, *tmp1, *tmp2, *epsilon2;
if (qisneg(q) || qiszero(q) || qisfrac(q))
error("Taking bad root of complex number");
if (cisone(c) || qisone(q))
return clink(c);
if (qistwo(q))
return csqrt(c, epsilon);
r = comalloc();
if (cisreal(c) && !qisneg(c->real)) {
r->real = qroot(c->real, q, epsilon);
return r;
}
/*
* Calculate the root using the formula:
* croot(a + bi, n) =
* cpolar(qroot(a^2 + b^2, 2 * n), qatan2(b, a) / n).
*/
epsilon2 = qscale(epsilon, -8L);
tmp1 = qsquare(c->real);
tmp2 = qsquare(c->imag);
a2pb2 = qadd(tmp1, tmp2);
qfree(tmp1);
qfree(tmp2);
tmp1 = qscale(q, 1L);
root = qroot(a2pb2, tmp1, epsilon2);
qfree(a2pb2);
qfree(tmp1);
tmp1 = qatan2(c->imag, c->real, epsilon2);
qfree(epsilon2);
tmp2 = qdiv(tmp1, q);
qfree(tmp1);
r = cpolar(root, tmp2, epsilon);
qfree(root);
qfree(tmp2);
return r;
}
/*
* Calculate the complex exponential function to the desired accuracy.
* We use the formula:
* exp(a + bi) = exp(a) * (cos(b) + i * sin(b)).
*/
COMPLEX *
cexp(c, epsilon)
COMPLEX *c;
NUMBER *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *r;
NUMBER *tmp1, *tmp2, *epsilon2;
if (ciszero(c))
return clink(&_cone_);
r = comalloc();
if (cisreal(c)) {
r->real = qexp(c->real, epsilon);
return r;
}
epsilon2 = qscale(epsilon, -2L);
r->real = qcos(c->imag, epsilon2);
r->imag = qlegtoleg(r->real, epsilon2, _sinisneg_);
if (qiszero(c->real)) {
qfree(epsilon2);
return r;
}
tmp1 = qexp(c->real, epsilon2);
qfree(epsilon2);
tmp2 = qmul(r->real, tmp1);
qfree(r->real);
r->real = tmp2;
tmp2 = qmul(r->imag, tmp1);
qfree(r->imag);
qfree(tmp1);
r->imag = tmp2;
return r;
}
/*
* Calculate the natural logarithm of a complex number within the specified
* error. We use the formula:
* ln(a + bi) = ln(a^2 + b^2) / 2 + i * atan2(b, a).
*/
COMPLEX *
cln(c, epsilon)
COMPLEX *c;
NUMBER *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *r;
NUMBER *a2b2, *tmp1, *tmp2;
if (ciszero(c))
error("Logarithm of zero");
if (cisone(c))
return clink(&_czero_);
r = comalloc();
if (cisreal(c) && !qisneg(c->real)) {
r->real = qln(c->real, epsilon);
return r;
}
tmp1 = qsquare(c->real);
tmp2 = qsquare(c->imag);
a2b2 = qadd(tmp1, tmp2);
qfree(tmp1);
qfree(tmp2);
tmp1 = qln(a2b2, epsilon);
qfree(a2b2);
r->real = qscale(tmp1, -1L);
qfree(tmp1);
r->imag = qatan2(c->imag, c->real, epsilon);
return r;
}
/*
* Calculate the complex cosine within the specified accuracy.
* This uses the formula:
* cos(a + bi) = cos(a) * cosh(b) - sin(a) * sinh(b) * i.
*/
COMPLEX *
ccos(c, epsilon)
COMPLEX *c;
NUMBER *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *r;
NUMBER *cosval, *coshval, *tmp1, *tmp2, *tmp3, *epsilon2;
int negimag;
if (ciszero(c))
return clink(&_cone_);
r = comalloc();
if (cisreal(c)) {
r->real = qcos(c->real, epsilon);
return r;
}
if (qiszero(c->real)) {
r->real = qcosh(c->imag, epsilon);
return r;
}
epsilon2 = qscale(epsilon, -2L);
coshval = qcosh(c->imag, epsilon2);
cosval = qcos(c->real, epsilon2);
negimag = !_sinisneg_;
if (qisneg(c->imag))
negimag = !negimag;
r->real = qmul(cosval, coshval);
/*
* Calculate the imaginary part using the formula:
* sin(a) * sinh(b) = sqrt((1 - a^2) * (b^2 - 1)).
*/
tmp1 = qsquare(cosval);
qfree(cosval);
tmp2 = qdec(tmp1);
qfree(tmp1);
tmp1 = qneg(tmp2);
qfree(tmp2);
tmp2 = qsquare(coshval);
qfree(coshval);
tmp3 = qdec(tmp2);
qfree(tmp2);
tmp2 = qmul(tmp1, tmp3);
qfree(tmp1);
qfree(tmp3);
r->imag = qsqrt(tmp2, epsilon2);
qfree(tmp2);
qfree(epsilon2);
if (negimag) {
tmp1 = qneg(r->imag);
qfree(r->imag);
r->imag = tmp1;
}
return r;
}
/*
* Calculate the complex sine within the specified accuracy.
* This uses the formula:
* sin(a + bi) = sin(a) * cosh(b) + cos(a) * sinh(b) * i.
*/
COMPLEX *
csin(c, epsilon)
COMPLEX *c;
NUMBER *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *r;
NUMBER *cosval, *coshval, *tmp1, *tmp2, *epsilon2;
if (ciszero(c))
return clink(&_czero_);
r = comalloc();
if (cisreal(c)) {
r->real = qsin(c->real, epsilon);
return r;
}
if (qiszero(c->real)) {
r->imag = qsinh(c->imag, epsilon);
return r;
}
epsilon2 = qscale(epsilon, -2L);
coshval = qcosh(c->imag, epsilon2);
cosval = qcos(c->real, epsilon2);
tmp1 = qlegtoleg(cosval, epsilon2, _sinisneg_);
r->real = qmul(tmp1, coshval);
qfree(tmp1);
tmp1 = qsquare(coshval);
qfree(coshval);
tmp2 = qdec(tmp1);
qfree(tmp1);
tmp1 = qsqrt(tmp2, epsilon2);
qfree(tmp2);
r->imag = qmul(tmp1, cosval);
qfree(tmp1);
qfree(cosval);
if (qisneg(c->imag)) {
tmp1 = qneg(r->imag);
qfree(r->imag);
r->imag = tmp1;
}
return r;
}
/*
* Convert a number from polar coordinates to normal complex number form
* within the specified accuracy. This produces the value:
* q1 * cos(q2) + q1 * sin(q2) * i.
*/
COMPLEX *
cpolar(q1, q2, epsilon)
NUMBER *q1, *q2, *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *r;
NUMBER *tmp, *epsilon2;
long scale;
r = comalloc();
if (qiszero(q1) || qiszero(q2)) {
r->real = qlink(q1);
return r;
}
epsilon2 = epsilon;
if (!qisunit(q1)) {
scale = zhighbit(q1->num) - zhighbit(q1->den) + 1;
if (scale > 0)
epsilon2 = qscale(epsilon, -scale);
}
r->real = qcos(q2, epsilon2);
r->imag = qlegtoleg(r->real, epsilon2, _sinisneg_);
if (epsilon2 != epsilon)
qfree(epsilon2);
if (qisone(q1))
return r;
tmp = qmul(r->real, q1);
qfree(r->real);
r->real = tmp;
tmp = qmul(r->imag, q1);
qfree(r->imag);
r->imag = tmp;
return r;
}
/*
* Raise one complex number to the power of another one to within the
* specified error.
*/
COMPLEX *
cpower(c1, c2, epsilon)
COMPLEX *c1, *c2;
NUMBER *epsilon;
{
COMPLEX *tmp1, *tmp2;
NUMBER *epsilon2;
if (cisreal(c2) && qisint(c2->real))
return cpowi(c1, c2->real);
if (cisone(c1) || ciszero(c1))
return clink(c1);
epsilon2 = qscale(epsilon, -4L);
tmp1 = cln(c1, epsilon2);
tmp2 = cmul(tmp1, c2);
comfree(tmp1);
tmp1 = cexp(tmp2, epsilon);
comfree(tmp2);
qfree(epsilon2);
return tmp1;
}
/*
* Print a complex number.
*/
void
comprint(c)
COMPLEX *c;
{
NUMBER qtmp;
if (_outmode_ == MODE_FRAC) {
cprintfr(c);
return;
}
if (!qiszero(c->real) || qiszero(c->imag))
qprintnum(c->real, MODE_DEFAULT);
qtmp = c->imag[0];
if (qiszero(&qtmp))
return;
if (!qiszero(c->real) && !qisneg(&qtmp))
math_chr('+');
if (qisneg(&qtmp)) {
math_chr('-');
qtmp.num.sign = 0;
}
qprintnum(&qtmp, MODE_DEFAULT);
math_chr('i');
}
/* END CODE */