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fping
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part01
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fping.c
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1993-07-03
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/*
* fping: fast-ping, file-ping
*
* Used to send out ping requests to a list of hosts in a round robin
* fashion.
*
*
* fping has been compiled tested under the following systems:
*
* Ultrix 4.2a DECstation
* Ultrix 3.1 VAX
* NeXT 2.1
* SunOS 4.1.1 Sparcstation (gcc and cc)
* AIX 3.1 RISC System/6000
*
*/
/*
***************************************************
*
* Standard RCS Header information (see co(1))
*
* $Author: schemers $
*
* $Date: 1993/02/23 00:16:38 $
*
* $Revision: 1.20 $
*
* $Locker: schemers $
*
* $Source: /networking/src/fping/RCS/fping.c,v $
*
* $State: Exp $
*
* $Log: fping.c,v $
* Revision 1.20 1993/02/23 00:16:38 schemers
* fixed syntax error (should have compiled before checking in...)
*
* Revision 1.19 1993/02/23 00:15:15 schemers
* turned off printing of "is alive" when -a is specified.
*
* Revision 1.18 1992/07/28 15:16:44 schemers
* added a fflush(stdout) call before the summary is sent to stderr, so
* everything shows up in the right order.
*
* Revision 1.17 1992/07/23 03:29:42 schemers
* fixed declaration of timeval_diff.
*
* Revision 1.16 1992/07/22 19:24:37 schemers
* Modified file reading so it would skip blanks lines or lines starting
* with a '#'. Now you can do something like:
*
* fping -ad < /etc/hosts
*
* Revision 1.15 1992/07/21 17:07:18 schemers
* Put in sanity checks so only root can specify "dangerous" options.
* Changed usage to show switchs in alphabetical order.
*
* Revision 1.14 1992/07/21 16:40:52 schemers
* Now when sendto returns an error, the host is considered unreachable and
* and the error message (from errno) is displayed.
*
* Revision 1.13 1992/07/17 21:02:17 schemers
* changed default timeout to 2500 msec (for WANs), and default try
* to 3. This gives 10 second overall timeout.
*
* Added -e option for showing elapsed (round-trip) time on packets
*
* Modified -s option to inlude to round-trip stats
*
* Added #ifndef DEFAULT_* stuff its easier to change the defaults
*
* Reorganized main loop.
*
* cleaned up timeval stuff. removed set_timeval and timeval_expired
* since they aren't needed anymore. Just use timeval_diff.
*
* Revision 1.12 1992/07/17 16:38:54 schemers
* move socket create call so I could do a setuid(getuid()) before the
* fopen call is made. Once the socket is created root privs aren't needed
* to send stuff out on it.
*
* Revision 1.11 1992/07/17 16:28:38 schemers
* moved num_timeout counter. It really was for debug purposes and didn't
* make sense to the general public :-) Now it is the number of timeouts
* (pings that didn't get received with the time limit).
*
* Revision 1.10 1992/07/16 16:24:38 schemers
* changed usage() to use fprintf(stderr,"...");
*
* Revision 1.9 1992/07/16 16:00:04 schemers
* Added _NO_PROTO stuff for older compilers, and _POSIX_SOURCE
* for unistd.h, and _POSIX_SOURCE for stdlib.h. Also added
* check for __cplusplus.
*
* Revision 1.8 1992/07/16 05:44:41 schemers
* changed -a and -u to only show hostname in results. This is
* for easier parsing. Also added -v flag
*
* Revision 1.7 1992/07/14 18:45:23 schemers
* initialized last_time in add_host function
*
* Revision 1.6 1992/07/14 18:32:40 schemers
* changed select to use FD_ macros
*
* Revision 1.5 1992/07/14 17:21:22 schemers
* standardized exit status codes
*
* Revision 1.4 1992/06/26 15:25:35 schemers
* changed name from rrping to fping
*
* Revision 1.3 1992/06/24 15:39:32 schemers
* added -d option for unreachable systems
*
* Revision 1.2 1992/06/23 03:01:23 schemers
* misc fixes from R.L. "Bob" Morgan
*
* Revision 1.1 1992/06/19 18:23:52 schemers
* Initial revision
*
*--------------------------------------------------
* Copyright (c) 1992 Board of Trustees
* Leland Stanford Jr. University
***************************************************
*/
/*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
* provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
* duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
* advertising materials, and other materials related to such
* distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
* by Stanford University. The name of the University may not be used
* to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
* specific prior written permission.
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
#ifndef _NO_PROTO
#if !__STDC__ && !defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(FUNCPROTO) \
&& !defined(_POSIX_SOURCE)
#define _NO_PROTO
#endif /* __STDC__ */
#endif /* _NO_PROTO */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>
#ifdef _POSIX_SOURCE
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef __STDC__
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
/* RS6000 has sys/select.h */
#ifndef FD_SET
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif
/* externals */
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind,opterr;
extern char *sys_errlist[];
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
/* constants */
#ifndef DEFAULT_INTERVAL
#define DEFAULT_INTERVAL 25 /* default time between packets (msec) */
#endif
#ifndef DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 2500 /* individual host timeouts */
#endif
#ifndef DEFAULT_RETRY
#define DEFAULT_RETRY 3 /* number of times to retry a host */
#endif
/* typedef's */
/* entry used to keep track of each host we are pinging */
typedef struct host_entry {
char *host; /* text description of host */
struct sockaddr_in saddr; /* internet address */
int i; /* index into array */
int num_packets_sent; /* number of ping packets sent */
struct host_entry *prev,*next; /* doubly linked list */
struct timeval last_time; /* time of last packet sent */
} HOST_ENTRY;
/* globals */
HOST_ENTRY *rrlist=NULL; /* linked list of hosts be pinged */
HOST_ENTRY **table=NULL; /* array of pointers to items in the list */
HOST_ENTRY *cursor;
char *prog;
int ident; /* our pid */
int s; /* socket */
int retry = DEFAULT_RETRY;
int timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
int interval = DEFAULT_INTERVAL;
long max_reply=0;
long min_reply=10000;
int total_replies=0;
double sum_replies=0;
struct timeval timeout_timeval;
struct timezone tz;
int num_waiting=0; /* number of hosts we are pinging */
int num_hosts; /* total number of hosts */
int num_alive=0, /* total number alive */
num_unreachable=0, /* total number unreachable */
num_noaddress=0; /* total number of addresses not found */
int num_timeout=0, /* number of times select timed out */
num_pingsent=0, /* total pings sent */
num_pingreceived=0; /* total pings received */
struct timeval current_time; /* current time (pseudo) */
struct timeval start_time;
struct timeval end_time;
/* switches */
int verbose_flag,dns_flag,stats_flag,unreachable_flag,alive_flag;
int elapsed_flag,version_flag;
char *filename=NULL; /* file containing hosts to ping */
/* forward declarations */
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
void add_host();
void crash_and_burn();
void errno_crash_and_burn();
char *get_host_by_address();
int in_cksum();
int recvfrom_wto ();
void remove_job();
void send_ping();
void usage();
int wait_for_reply();
long timeval_diff();
#else
void add_host(char *host);
void crash_and_burn(char *message);
void errno_crash_and_burn(char *message);
char *get_host_by_address(struct in_addr in);
int in_cksum(u_short *p, int n);
int recvfrom_wto (int s, char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr *saddr, int timo);
void remove_job(HOST_ENTRY *h);
void send_ping(int s,HOST_ENTRY *h);
long timeval_diff(struct timeval *a,struct timeval *b);
void usage();
int wait_for_reply();
#endif
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
int main(argc,argv)
int argc; char **argv;
#else
int main(int argc, char **argv)
#endif
{
int c;
struct protoent *proto;
/* check if we are root */
if (geteuid()) {
fprintf(stderr,
"This program can only be run by root, or it must be setuid root.\n");
exit(3);
}
if ((proto = getprotobyname("icmp")) == NULL)
crash_and_burn("icmp: unknown protocol");
/* create the socket here as root. Then setuid back to
the person running the program. This is so they
can't open a file that doesn't belong to them! */
s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto);
if (s<0) errno_crash_and_burn("can't create raw socket");
setuid(getuid());
prog = argv[0];
ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
verbose_flag=1;
opterr=0;
while ((c = getopt(argc,argv,"edhqusavt:i:f:r:")) != EOF)
switch (c) {
case 't': if ( (timeout=atoi(optarg)) <0) usage(); break;
case 'f': filename= optarg; break;
case 'r': if ((retry=atoi(optarg))<0) usage(); break;
case 'i': if ((interval=atoi(optarg))<0) usage(); break;
case 'h': usage(); break;
case 'q': verbose_flag = 0; break;
case 'e': elapsed_flag = 1; break;
case 'd': dns_flag = 1; break;
case 's': stats_flag = 1; break;
case 'u': unreachable_flag = 1; break;
case 'a': alive_flag = 1; break;
case 'v':
printf("%s: $Revision: 1.20 $ $Date: 1993/02/23 00:16:38 $\n",argv[0]);
printf("%s: comments to schemers@Stanford.EDU\n",argv[0]);
exit(0);
default : fprintf(stderr,"Unknown flag: %s\n",argv[0]);
usage(); break;
}
if (unreachable_flag && alive_flag) {
fprintf(stderr,"%s: specify only one of a,u\n",argv[0]);
usage();
}
if ( (interval<10 || retry >20 || timeout <250) && getuid()) {
fprintf(stderr,"%s: these options are too risky for mere mortals.\n",prog);
fprintf(stderr,"%s: You need i >=10, retry < 20, and t >= 250\n",prog);
exit(3);
}
if (alive_flag || unreachable_flag) verbose_flag=0;
argv = &argv[optind];
if (*argv && filename) { usage(); }
if (!*argv && !filename) { filename = "-"; }
if (*argv) while (*argv) {
add_host(*argv);
++argv;
} else if (filename) {
FILE *ping_file;
char line[132];
char host[132],*p;
if (strcmp(filename,"-")==0) {
ping_file=fdopen(0,"r");
} else {
ping_file=fopen(filename,"r");
}
if (!ping_file) errno_crash_and_burn("fopen");
while(fgets(line,132,ping_file)) {
sscanf(line,"%s",host);
if ((!*host) || (host[0]=='#')) /* magic to avoid comments */
continue;
p=(char*)malloc(strlen(host)+1);
if (!p) crash_and_burn("can't malloc host");
strcpy(p,host);
add_host(p);
}
fclose(ping_file);
} else usage();
if (!num_hosts) exit(2);
/* allocate array to hold outstanding ping requests */
table = (HOST_ENTRY **) malloc(sizeof(HOST_ENTRY *)*num_hosts);
if (!table) crash_and_burn("Can't malloc array of hosts");
cursor=rrlist;
for( num_waiting=0; num_waiting < num_hosts; num_waiting++ ) {
table[num_waiting]=cursor;
cursor->i = num_waiting;
cursor=cursor->next;
}
gettimeofday(&start_time,&tz);
cursor=rrlist;
while (num_waiting) { /* while pings are outstanding */
if ( (timeval_diff(¤t_time,&cursor->last_time)> timeout) ||
cursor->num_packets_sent==0) {
if (cursor->num_packets_sent>0) num_timeout++;
if (cursor->num_packets_sent == retry+1) {
if(verbose_flag || unreachable_flag) {
if (dns_flag) printf("%s",
get_host_by_address(cursor->saddr.sin_addr));
else printf("%s",cursor->host);
if (verbose_flag) printf(" is unreachable");
printf("\n");
}
num_unreachable++;
remove_job(cursor);
} else send_ping(s,cursor);
}
while(wait_for_reply() && num_waiting) { /* call wfr until we timeout */
/* wait! */
}
gettimeofday(¤t_time,&tz);
if (cursor) cursor = cursor->next;
}
gettimeofday(&end_time,&tz);
if (stats_flag) {
fflush(stdout);
fprintf(stderr,"\n");
fprintf(stderr," %8d hosts\n",num_hosts);
fprintf(stderr," %8d alive\n",num_alive);
fprintf(stderr," %8d unreachable\n",num_unreachable);
fprintf(stderr," %8d unknown addresses\n",num_noaddress);
fprintf(stderr,"\n");
fprintf(stderr," %8d timeouts (waiting for response)\n",num_timeout);
fprintf(stderr," %8d pings sent\n",num_pingsent);
fprintf(stderr," %8d pings received\n",num_pingreceived);
fprintf(stderr,"\n");
if (total_replies==0) {
min_reply=0; max_reply=0; total_replies=1; sum_replies=0;
}
fprintf(stderr," %8d msec (min round trip time)\n",min_reply);
fprintf(stderr," %8d msec (avg round trip time)\n",(int)sum_replies/total_replies);
fprintf(stderr," %8d msec (max round trip time)\n",max_reply);
fprintf(stderr," %8.3f sec (elapsed real time)\n",
timeval_diff( &end_time,&start_time)/1000.0);
fprintf(stderr,"\n");
}
if (num_noaddress) exit(2);
else if (num_alive != num_hosts) exit(1);
exit(0);
}
/*
*
* Compose and transmit an ICMP_ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
* will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
* and the sequence number is an index into an array of outstanding
* ping requests. The sequence number will later be used to quickly
* figure out who the ping reply came from.
*
*/
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
void send_ping(s,h)
int s; HOST_ENTRY *h;
#else
void send_ping(int s,HOST_ENTRY *h)
#endif
{
static char buffer[32];
struct icmp *icp = (struct icmp *) buffer;
int n,len;
gettimeofday(&h->last_time,&tz);
icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
icp->icmp_code = 0;
icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
icp->icmp_seq = h->i;
icp->icmp_id = ident;
#define SIZE_ICMP_HDR 8
#define SIZE_PACK_SENT (sizeof(h->num_packets_sent))
#define SIZE_LAST_TIME (sizeof(h->last_time))
bcopy(&h->last_time,&buffer[SIZE_ICMP_HDR],SIZE_LAST_TIME);
bcopy(&h->num_packets_sent,
&buffer[SIZE_ICMP_HDR+SIZE_LAST_TIME], SIZE_PACK_SENT);
len = SIZE_ICMP_HDR+SIZE_LAST_TIME+SIZE_PACK_SENT;
icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum( (u_short *)icp, len );
n = sendto( s, buffer, len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&h->saddr,
sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) );
if( n < 0 || n != len ) {
if (verbose_flag || unreachable_flag) {
if (dns_flag) printf("%s",get_host_by_address(h->saddr.sin_addr));
else printf("%s",cursor->host);
if (verbose_flag) printf(" error while sending ping: %s\n",
sys_errlist[errno]);
printf("\n");
}
num_unreachable++;
remove_job(h);
} else {
h->num_packets_sent++;
num_pingsent++;
}
}
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
int wait_for_reply()
#else
int wait_for_reply()
#endif
{
int result;
static char buffer[4096];
struct sockaddr_in response_addr;
struct ip *ip;
int hlen;
struct icmp *icp;
int n;
HOST_ENTRY *h;
long this_reply;
int the_index;
struct timeval sent_time;
result=recvfrom_wto(s,buffer,4096,
(struct sockaddr *)&response_addr,interval);
if (result<0) { return 0; } /* timeout */
ip = (struct ip *) buffer;
hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
if (result < hlen+ICMP_MINLEN) { return(1); /* too short */ }
icp = (struct icmp *)(buffer + hlen);
if (
( icp->icmp_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY ) ||
( icp->icmp_id != ident )
) {
return 1; /* packet received, but not the one we are looking for! */
}
num_pingreceived++;
if ( ( icp->icmp_seq >= num_hosts ) ||
( !table[icp->icmp_seq] ) ||
( table[icp->icmp_seq]->saddr.sin_addr.s_addr
!= response_addr.sin_addr.s_addr)) {
return 1; /* packet received, don't about it anymore */
}
n=icp->icmp_seq;
h=table[n];
gettimeofday(¤t_time,&tz);
bcopy(&icp->icmp_data[0],&sent_time,sizeof(sent_time));
bcopy(&icp->icmp_data[SIZE_LAST_TIME],&the_index, sizeof(the_index));
this_reply = timeval_diff(¤t_time,&sent_time);
if (this_reply>max_reply) max_reply=this_reply;
if (this_reply<min_reply) min_reply=this_reply;
sum_replies += this_reply;
total_replies++;
if(verbose_flag||alive_flag) {
if (dns_flag) printf("%s",get_host_by_address(response_addr.sin_addr));
else printf("%s",h->host);
if (verbose_flag) printf(" is alive");
if (elapsed_flag) printf(" (%d msec)",this_reply);
printf("\n");
}
num_alive++;
remove_job(h); /* remove job */
return num_waiting;
}
/*
* Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
* From ping examples in W.Richard Stevens "UNIX NETWORK PROGRAMMING" book.
*/
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
int in_cksum(p,n)
u_short *p; int n;
#else
int in_cksum(u_short *p, int n)
#endif
{
register u_short answer;
register long sum = 0;
u_short odd_byte = 0;
while( n > 1 ) { sum += *p++; n -= 2; }
/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
if( n == 1 ) {
*(u_char *)(&odd_byte) = *(u_char *)p;
sum += odd_byte;
}
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
answer = ~sum; /* ones-complement, truncate*/
return (answer);
}
/* add host to linked list of hosts to be pinged */
/* assume memory for *host is ours!!! */
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
void add_host(host)
char *host;
#else
void add_host(char *host)
#endif
{
HOST_ENTRY *p;
struct hostent *host_ent;
struct in_addr *host_add;
u_long ipaddress = inet_addr(host);
if ( (ipaddress == -1) &&
( ((host_ent=gethostbyname(host)) == 0) ||
((host_add = (struct in_addr *) *(host_ent->h_addr_list))==0))
) {
if (verbose_flag) fprintf(stderr,"%s address not found\n",host);
num_noaddress++;
return;
}
p = (HOST_ENTRY *) malloc(sizeof(HOST_ENTRY));
if (!p) crash_and_burn("can't allocate HOST_ENTRY");
p->host=host;
p->num_packets_sent = 0;
p->last_time.tv_sec =0;
p->last_time.tv_usec =0;
bzero((char*) &p->saddr, sizeof(p->saddr));
p->saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (ipaddress==-1) p->saddr.sin_addr = *host_add;
else p->saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = ipaddress;
if (!rrlist) {
rrlist = p;
p->next = p;
p->prev = p;
} else {
p->next = rrlist;
p->prev = rrlist->prev;
p->prev->next = p;
p->next->prev = p;
rrlist = p;
}
num_hosts++;
}
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
void remove_job(h)
HOST_ENTRY *h;
#else
void remove_job(HOST_ENTRY *h)
#endif
{
table[h->i]=NULL;
--num_waiting;
if (num_waiting) { /* remove us from list of jobs */
h->prev->next = h->next;
h->next->prev = h->prev;
if (h==cursor) { cursor = h-> next; }
} else {
cursor=NULL;
rrlist=NULL;
}
}
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
char *get_host_by_address(in)
struct in_addr in;
#else
char *get_host_by_address(struct in_addr in)
#endif
{
struct hostent *h;
h=gethostbyaddr((char *) &in,sizeof(struct in_addr),AF_INET);
if (h==NULL || h->h_name==NULL) return inet_ntoa(in);
else return h->h_name;
}
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
void crash_and_burn(message)
char *message;
#else
void crash_and_burn(char *message)
#endif
{
if (verbose_flag) fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",prog,message);
exit(4);
}
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
void errno_crash_and_burn(message)
char *message;
#else
void errno_crash_and_burn(char *message)
#endif
{
if (verbose_flag)
fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s : %s\n",prog,message,sys_errlist[errno]);
exit(4);
}
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
long timeval_diff(a,b)
struct timeval *a,*b;
#else
long timeval_diff(struct timeval *a,struct timeval *b)
#endif
{
double temp;
temp =
(((a->tv_sec*1000000)+ a->tv_usec) -
((b->tv_sec*1000000)+ b->tv_usec))/1000;
return (long) temp;
}
/*
* recvfrom_wto: receive with timeout
* returns length of data read or -1 if timeout
* crash_and_burn on any other errrors
*
*/
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
int recvfrom_wto (s,buf,len, saddr, timo)
int s; char *buf; int len; struct sockaddr *saddr; int timo;
#else
int recvfrom_wto (int s, char *buf, int len, struct sockaddr *saddr, int timo)
#endif
{
int nfound,slen,n;
struct timeval to;
fd_set readset,writeset;
to.tv_sec = timo/1000;
to.tv_usec = (timo - (to.tv_sec*1000))*1000;
FD_ZERO(&readset);
FD_ZERO(&writeset);
FD_SET(s,&readset);
nfound = select(s+1,&readset,&writeset,NULL,&to);
if (nfound<0) errno_crash_and_burn("select");
if (nfound==0) return -1; /* timeout */
slen=sizeof(struct sockaddr);
n=recvfrom(s,buf,len,0,saddr,&slen);
if (n<0) errno_crash_and_burn("recvfrom");
return n;
}
#ifdef _NO_PROTO
void usage()
#else
void usage()
#endif
{
fprintf(stderr,"\n");
fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s [options] [systems...]\n",prog);
fprintf(stderr," -a show systems that are alive\n");
fprintf(stderr," -d use dns to lookup address for return ping packet\n");
fprintf(stderr," -e show elapsed time on return packets\n");
fprintf(stderr," -f file read list of systems from a file ( - means stdin)\n");
fprintf(stderr," -i n interval (between ping packets) in milliseconds (default %d)\n",interval);
fprintf(stderr," -q quiet (don't show per host results)\n");
fprintf(stderr," -r n retry limit (default %d)\n",retry);
fprintf(stderr," -s dump final stats\n");
fprintf(stderr," -t n individual host timeout in milliseconds (default %d)\n",timeout);
fprintf(stderr," -u show systems that are unreachable\n");
fprintf(stderr," -v show version\n");
fprintf(stderr," systems list of systems to check (if no -f specified)\n");
fprintf(stderr,"\n");
exit(3);
}