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Text File | 1999-05-17 | 19KB | 529 lines

MOST(1) MOST(1) NNAAMMEE most - browse or page through a text file SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS mmoosstt [--bbssttvvwwzz] [++_l_i_n_e_n_o] [++cc] [++dd] [++//_s_t_r_i_n_g] [_f_i_l_e_- _n_a_m_e...] DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN _m_o_s_t is a paging program that displays, one windowful at a time, the contents of a file on a terminal. It pauses after each windowful and prints on the window status line the screen the file name, current line number, and the percentage of the file so far displayed. Unlike other paging programs, _m_o_s_t is capable of display- ing an arbitrary number of windows as long as each window occupies at least two screen lines. Each window may con- tain the same file or a different file. In addition, each window has its own mode. For example, one window may dis- play a file with its lines wrapped while another may be truncating the lines. Windows may be `locked' together in the sense that if one of the locked windows scrolls, all locked windows will scroll. _m_o_s_t is also capable of ignoring lines that are indented beyond a user specified value. This is useful when viewing computer programs to pick out gross features of the code. See the `::oo' command for a description of this feature. In addition to displaying ordinary text files, _m_o_s_t can also display binary files as well as files with arbitrary ascii characters. When a file is read into a buffer, _m_o_s_t examines the first 32 bytes of the file to determine if the file is a binary file and then switches to the appro- priate mode. However, this feature may be disabled with the --kk option. See the description of the --bb, --kk, --vv, and --tt options for further details. Text files may contain combinations of underscore and backspace characters causing a printer to underline or overstrike. When _m_o_s_t recognizes this, it inserts the appropriate escape sequences to achieve the desired effect. In addition, some files cause the printer to overstrike some characters by embedding carriage return characters in the middle of a line. When this occurs, _m_o_s_t displays the overstruck character with a bold attribute. This feature facilitates the reading of UNIX man pages or a document produced by _r_u_n_o_f_f. In particu- lar, viewing this document with _m_o_s_t should illustrate this behavior provided that the underline characters have not been stripped. This may be turned off with the --vv option. By default, lines with more characters than the terminal width are not wrapped but are instead truncated. When May 1999 1 MOST(1) MOST(1) truncation occurs, this is indicated by a `$' in the far right column of the terminal screen. The RIGHT and LEFT arrow keys may be used to view lines which extend past the margins of the screen. The --ww option may be used to over- ride this feature. When a window is wrapped, the charac- ter `\' will appear at the right edge of the window. Commands are listed below. OOPPTTIIOONNSS --11 VT100 mode. This is meaningful only on VMS sys- tems. This option should be used if the terminal is strictly a VT100. This implies that the termi- nal does not have the ability to delete and insert multiple lines. VT102s and above have this abil- ity. --bb Binary mode. Use this switch when you want to view files containing 8 bit characters. _m_o_s_t will dis- play the file 16 bytes per line in hexidecimal notation. A typical line looks like: 01000000 40001575 9C23A020 4000168D ....@..u.#. @... When used with the --vv option, the same line looks like: ^A^@^@^@ @^@^U u 9C #A0 @^@^V8D ....@..u.#. @... --kk `Kanji' option. Ordinarily, _m_o_s_t will go into binary mode if the file consists of non-ascii char- acters. Sometimes this feature is not desirable since some terminals have a special interpretation for eight bit characters. The --kk option turns off the automatic sensing. --ss Squeeze. Replace multiple blank lines with a sin- gle blank line. --zz option turns off gunzip-on-the-fly. --vv Display control characters as in `^A' for control A. Normally _m_o_s_t does not interpret control char- acters. --tt Display tabs as `^I'. This option is meaningful only when used with the --vv option. ++_l_i_n_e_n_o Start up at _l_i_n_e_n_o. ++cc Make search case sensitive. By default, they are not. ++dd This switch should only be used if you want the option to delete a file while viewing it. This May 1999 2 MOST(1) MOST(1) makes it easier to clean unwanted files out of a directory. The file is deleted with the interac- tive key sequence `::DD' and then confirming with `yy'. ++//_s_t_r_i_n_g Start up at the line containing the first occur- rence of _s_t_r_i_n_g. CCOOMMMMAANNDD UUSSAAGGEE The commands take effect immediately; it is not necessary to type a carriage return. In the following commands, _i is a numerical argument (1 by default). SSPPAACCEE, CCTTRRLL--DD, NNEEXXTT__SSCCRREEEENN Display another windowful, or jump _i windowfuls if _i is specified. RREETTUURRNN, DDOOWWNN__AARRRROOWW, VV, CCTTRRLL--NN Display another line, or _i more lines, if speci- fied. UUPP__AARRRROOWW, ^^, CCTTRRLL--PP Display previous line, or _i previous lines, if specified. TT, EESSCCAAPPEE< Move to top of buffer. BB, EESSCCAAPPEE> Move to bottom of buffer. RRIIGGHHTT__AARRRROOWW, TTAABB, >> Scroll window left 60_i columns to view lines that are beyond the right margin of the window. LLEEFFTT__AARRRROOWW, CCTTRRLL--BB, << Scroll window right 60_i columns to view lines that are beyond the left margin of the window. UU, CCTTRRLL--UU, DDEELLEETTEE, PPRREEVV__SSCCRREEEENN Skip back _i windowfuls and then print a windowful. RR, CCTTRRLL--RR Redraw the window. JJ, GG If _i is not specified, then prompt for a line num- ber then jump to that line otherwise just jump to line _i. %% If _i is not specified, then prompt for a percent number then jump to that percent of the file May 1999 3 MOST(1) MOST(1) otherwise just jump to _i percent of the file. WW, ww If the current screen width is 80, make it 132 and vice-versa. For other values, this command is ignored. QQ, CCTTRRLL--XX CCTTRRLL--CC, CCTTRRLL--KK EE Exit from _m_o_s_t. On VMS, ^Z also exits. hh, CCTTRRLL--HH, HHEELLPP, PPFF22 Help. Give a description of all the _m_o_s_t commands. The _m_o_s_t environment variable MMOOSSTT__HHEELLPP must be set for this to be meaningful. ff, //, CCTTRRLL--FF, FFIINNDD, GGOOLLDD PPFF33 Prompt for a string and search forward from the current line for _ith distinct line containing the string. CCTTRRLL--GG aborts. ?? Prompt for a string and search backward for the _ith distinct line containing the string. CCTTRRLL--GG aborts. nn Search for the next _i lines containing an occur- rence of the last search string in the direction of the previous search. mm, SSEELLEECCTT, CCTTRRLL--@@, CCTTRRLL--KK MM, PPEERRIIOODD Set a mark on the current line for later reference. IINNSSEERRTT__HHEERREE,, CCTTRRLL--XX CCTTRRLL--XX,, CCOOMMMMAA,, CCTTRRLL--KK RREETTUURRNN,, GGOOLLDD PPEERRIIOODD Set a mark on the current line but return to previ- ous mark. This allows the user to toggle back and forth between two positions in the file. ll, LL Toggle locking for this window. The window is locked if there is a `*' at the left edge of the status line. Windows locked together, scroll together. CCTTRRLL--XX 22, CCTTRRLL--WW 22, GGOOLLDD XX Split this window in half. CCTTRRLL--XX oo, CCTTRRLL--WW oo, oo, GGOOLLDDUP,, GOLDDDOOWWNN Move to other window. CCTTRRLL--XX 00, CCTTRRLL--WW 00, GGOOLLDD VV Delete this window. CCTTRRLL--XX 11, CCTTRRLL--WW 11, GGOOLLDD OO Delete all other windows, leaving only one window. EE, ee Edit this file. May 1999 4 MOST(1) MOST(1) $$, EESSCC $$ This is system dependent. On VMS, this causes _m_o_s_t to spawn a subprocess. When the user exits the process, _m_o_s_t is resumed. On UNIX systems, _m_o_s_t simply suspends itself. ::nn Skip to the next filename given in the command line. Use the arrow keys to scroll forward or backward through the file list. `QQ' quits _m_o_s_t and any other key selects the given file. ::cc Toggle case sensitive search. ::DD Delete current file. This command is only meaning- ful with the ++dd switch. ::oo, ::OO Toggle various options. With this key sequence, _m_o_s_t displays a prompt asking the user to hit one of: bbddttvvww. The `bb', `tt', `vv', and `ww' options have the same meaning as the command line switches. For example, the `ww' option will toggle wrapping on and off for the current window. The `dd' option must be used with a prefix integer _i. All lines indented beyond _i columns will not be displayed. For example, consider the fragment: int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i; for (i = 0; i < argc, i++) { fprintf(stdout,"%i: %s\n",i,argv[i]); } return 0; } The key sequence `11::oodd' will cause _m_o_s_t to display the file ignoring all lines indented beyond the first column. So for the example above, _m_o_s_t would display: int main(int argc, char **argv)... } where the `...' indicates lines follow are not dis- played. HHIINNTTSS CCTTRRLL--GG aborts the commands requiring the user to type something in at a prompt. The backquote key has a special meaning here. It is used to quote certain characters. This is useful when search for the occurrence of a string May 1999 5 MOST(1) MOST(1) with a control character or a string at the beginning of a line. In the latter case, to find the occurrence of `The' at the beginning of a line, enter ``^^JJTThhee where `` quotes the CCTTRRLL--JJ. EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT _m_o_s_t uses the following environment variables: MMOOSSTT__SSWWIITTCCHHEESS This variable sets commonly used switches. For example, some people prefer to use _m_o_s_t with the --ss option so that excess blank lines are not dis- played. On VMS this is normally done done in the login.com through the line: $ define MOST_SWITCHES "-s" MMOOSSTT__EEDDIITTOORR, SSLLAANNGG__EEDDIITTOORR Either of these environment variables specify an editor for _m_o_s_t to invoke to edit a file. The value can contain %s and %d formatting descriptors that represent the file name and line number, respec- tively. For example, if JED is your editor, then set MMOOSSTT__EEDDIITTOORR to 'jed %s -g %d'. MMOOSSTT__HHEELLPP This variable may be used to specify an alternate help file. MMOOSSTT__IINNIITTFFIILLEE Set this variable to specify the initialization file to load during startup. The default action is to load the system configuration file and then a personal configuration file called _._m_o_s_t_r_c on Unix, and _m_o_s_t_._r_c on other systems. CCOONNFFIIGGUURRAATTIIOONN FFIILLEE SSYYNNTTAAXX When most starts up, it tries to read a system confiura- tion file and then a personal configuration file. These files may be used to specify keybindings and colors. To bind a key to a particular function use the syntax: sseettkkeeyy ffuunnccttiioonn--nnaammee kkeeyy--sseeqquueennccee The _s_e_t_k_e_y command requires two arguments. The _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n_- _n_a_m_e argument specifies the function that is to be exe- cuted as a response to the keys specified by the _k_e_y_- _s_e_q_u_e_n_c_e argument are pressed. For example, setkey "up" "^P" indicates that when _C_t_r_l_-_P is pressed then the function _u_p is to be executed. May 1999 6 MOST(1) MOST(1) Sometimes, it is necessary to first unbind a key-sequence before rebinding it in order via the _u_n_s_e_t_k_e_y function: unsetkey "^F" Colors may be defined through the use of the _c_o_l_o_r keyword in the the configuration file using the syntax: ccoolloorr OOBBJJEECCTT--NNAAMMEE FFOORREEGGRROOUUNNDD--CCOOLLOORR BBAACCKKGGRROOUUNNDD--CCOOLLOORR Here, OBJECT-NAME can be any one of the following items: status -- the status line underline -- underlined text overstrike -- overstriked text normal -- anything else See the sample configuration files for more information. BBUUGGSS Almost all of the known bugs or limitations of _m_o_s_t are due to a desire to read and interpret control characters in files. One problem concerns the use of backspace char- acters to underscore or overstrike other characters. _m_o_s_t makes an attempt to use terminal escape sequences to simu- late this behavior. One side effect is the one does not always get what one expects when scrolling right and left through a file. When in doubt, use the --vv and --bb options of _m_o_s_t. AAUUTTHHOORR John E. Davis davis@space.mit.edu AACCKKNNOOWWLLEEDDGGEEMMEENNTTSS I would like to thank the users of _m_o_s_t for valuable com- ments and criticisms. I would especially like to thank those individuals who have contributed code to _m_o_s_t_. Mats Akerberg, Henk D. Davids, Rex O. Livingston, and Mark Pizzolato contributed to the early VMS versions of _m_o_s_t_. In particular, Mark worked on it to get it ready for DECUS. Foteos Macrides <MACRIDES@SCI.WFEB.EDU> adapted _m_o_s_t for use in _c_s_w_i_n_g and _g_o_p_h_e_r_. A few features of the present version of _m_o_s_t was inspired from his work. I am grateful to Robert Mills <robert@jna.com.au> for re- writing the search routines to use regular expressions. Sven Oliver Moll <smol0075@rz.uni-hildesheim.de> came up with the idea of automatic detection of zipped files. May 1999 7 MOST(1) MOST(1) I would also like to thank Shinichi Hama for his valuable criticisms of _m_o_s_t_. Thanks to David W. Sanderson (dws@cs.wisc.edu) for adapt- ing the documentation to nroff man page source format. May 1999 8