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1995-08-08
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VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
GERMAN MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE Tense *****
Note: The subjunctive tenses are not generally needed below 'A'-Level.
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The subjunctive mood does not really exist in English, so is very
difficult to explain and learn. I strongly recommend you consult a
teacher/tutor/grammar book, rather than relying on this text, but here
is a brief description.
The present subjunctive is really only used in INDIRECT SPEECH, ie when
you reporting what someone else said. As such, it implies an element of
doubt - don't believe everything you're told!
eg: * er sagte, sie sei krank
= he said she is (was) ill.
Generally, if the text of the original direct speech was present, the
present subjunctive is needed. In the above example, the indirect speaker
must have said "Sie ist krank" (=she is ill). See also the other
subjunctive tenses and a grammar book/teacher!
- 2 - ===== Formation =====
Inredibly enough, this tense is entirely regular for all verbs apart from
sein! You just taken off the 'en' ending and add the subjunctive endings -
see VerbMaster. This gives you conjugations like 'er habe'.
Note that the 'ich' form and the plurals are usually the same as the present
indicative.
Sein is - typically - irregular: ich sei, du sei(e)st [the extra e is
literary], er sei, wir seien, ihr seiet, sie seien.
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-German, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 8.viii.95.